Schizophrenic First-rank Symptoms in Organic Mental Disorders

1988 ◽  
Vol 152 (5) ◽  
pp. 625-628 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Marneros
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
The State ◽  
Psychotic Reaction ◽  
Organic Mental Disorder ◽  
Organic Mental Disorders ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
First Rank Symptoms ◽  
Reaction Patterns

The frequency of schizophrenic first-rank symptoms (FRS) were investigated in 1698 patients with an organic mental disorder (OMD) according to Schneider's and DSM-III criteria: 7% of the patients with OMD had FRS, compared with 47% of schizophrenic patients. However, the frequency of FRS depends on the state of consciousness and on the aetiology of the OMD: 20% of the patients with clear consciousness had FRS, but only 1.5% of those with clouded consciousness. In cases of some aetiologically defined groups of OMD, such as post-ictal epileptic psychoses or alcoholic hallucinosis, the frequency of FRS is similar to that in cases of schizophrenia. FRS appear to be psychotic reaction patterns whose substrate-related basis extends across the whole spectrum of endogenous and exogenous psychoses.

Evaluations of Competency of Patients with Organic Mental Disorder

1997 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tarak Vasavada ◽  
Prakash S. Masand ◽  
George Nasra
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Psychotropic Drugs ◽  
Comparison Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Psychiatric Consultation ◽  
Consultation Service ◽  
Organic Mental Disorder ◽  
Organic Mental Disorders

The authors retrospectively reviewed the charts of all patients ( N = 903) seen by the Psychiatric Consultation Service from January 1, 1989 through December 31, 1991. A total of 74 patients had a diagnosis of organic mental disorders (delirium, dementia, or both). Of these, 32 patients were evaluated for competency (Study group), while the remaining 42 were evaluated for reasons other than competency (Comparison group). Patients in the Study group were more likely to be African American and less likely to be prescribed psychotropic drugs than the Comparison group. The majority of patients with organic mental disorder (87.5%) evaluated for competency were judged to be incompetent.

scholarly journals Changes in organic mental disorders features in persons who have repeatedly committed socially dangerous acts

2015 ◽  
Vol 96 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-161
Author(s):  
S N Popov ◽  
I N Vinnikova
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Disease Duration ◽  
Comparison Group ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Main Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Organic Mental Disorder ◽  
Organic Mental Disorders

Aim. Comparative analysis of the changes in clinical manifestations of organic mental disorders in persons who have repeatedly committed socially dangerous acts, and in patients without recurrence of misconduct.Methods. 93 patients with organic mental disorders who have committed socially dangerous acts and were declared as mentally insane and in whom compulsory medical measures assigned to them by the court were used were examined. Patients who have committed repeated socially dangerous acts after treatment were included in the main group (30 persons), patients who does not commit repeated socially dangerous acts were allocated to the comparison group (63 persons).Results. In the main group, patients with organic delusional disorder (F06.2, 20% vs 11.1%) dominated. In the control group, the share of patients with dementia of mixed origin (F02) was 22.2%, and in the main group - only 3.3%. In the main group, the prevalence of patients with psychotic conditions within the organic mental disorder was 43.3% versus 30.2% in the comparison group. At that, the rate of progression varied only slightly. The proportion of patients with no previously recorded episodes of decompensation was higher in the control group - 46.0% versus 13.3% in the study group. A few patients in both groups (10%) were supervised and regularly visited a psychiatrist. The number of patients who were not supervised or who attended psychiatrist rare was almost the same (46.7 and 47.6% in the study group and control group, respectively). At that, in the control group 12.7% of patients were not supervised due to the short disease duration (patients with dementia). There were a few more patients with a disease duration of more than 10 years in the comparison group - 54.0%, whereas in the study group - 43.3%.Conclusion. There is a number of differences in clinical manifestations of organic mental disorder and their changes over time, affecting the criminogenic risk of this population; an integrated approach to disease prevention, which can lead to an improvement in the criminal forecast, is needed.

scholarly journals Excess Mortality and Risk Factors for Mortality Among Patients with Severe Mental Disorders Receiving Home Care Case Management

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen-Yin Chen ◽  
Sheng-Jean Huang ◽  
Chin-Kuo Chang ◽  
Chun-Hung Pan ◽  
Sheng-Shiang Su ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Major Depression ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Case Management ◽  
Home Care ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Study Cohort ◽  
Severe Mental Disorders ◽  
Organic Mental Disorder

Abstract Background: Home care case management (CM) is the main intervention for patients with severe mental disorders (SMDs) requiring outreach care. The present study investigated the long-term mortality outcome and associated risk factors in patients who received home care CM. Methods: In this nationwide study, we enrolled patients who received home care CM (n=10255) between January 1, 1999, and December 31, 2010; data of these patients were derived from a Taiwan health insurance database. We calculated the standardized mortality ratio (SMR) as the ratio of observed deaths in the study cohort to expected deaths in the general population and presented by diagnosis. Multivariate regression was performed to assess independent risk factors for mortality. Results: Among 10255 patients who received home care CM, 1409 died during the study period; the overall SMR was 3.13. Specifically, patients with organic mental disorder had the highest SMR (4.98), followed by those with schizophrenia (3.89), major depression (2.98), and bipolar disorder (1.97). After adjustment for confounding factors in the multivariate analysis, patients with organic mental disorder or dementia had the highest risk of mortality, whereas the mortality risk in patients with schizophrenia was comparable to that in patients with bipolar disorder or major depression. Deceased patients had a significantly higher proportion of acute or chronic physical illnesses, including cancer, chronic hepatic disease, and pneumonia. Conclusion: This study presented the gap of mortality in patients with SMDs receiving home care CM in Taiwan. We highlight the need for more effective strategies to improve medical care for this specified population.

Psychic and Somatic Reactions to Subconvulsive and Convulsive Doses of Triazol

1939 ◽  
Vol 85 (357) ◽  
pp. 796-802
Author(s):  
John B. Dynes ◽  
Henry Tod
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Average Duration ◽  
Affective Response ◽  
Heterogeneous Group ◽  
Manic Depressive ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Schizophrenic Group ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Chronic Anxiety

This investigation attempts to determine what effect a sub-convulsive dose of triazol had on the individual patient as compared with a convulsive dose, and in addition to study and compare the reactions of a group of deteriorated schizophrenic patients with those of a heterogeneous group composed of mental disorders not schizophrenic. There were 12 patients in each group. The first group of schizophrenic patients was made up of individuals who showed marked emotional deterioration, with either a poverty of affective response or a definitely inappropriate affect. All these patients had had their mental disorder for many years. The average duration of the psychosis in the schizophrenic group was 9 years, and the average age of the group was 31 years. The heterogeneous group was composed of three patients classified as manic-depressive in the depressed phase, two depressed patients in a stuporous condition, three psychoneurotic patients with chronic anxiety states, and four with chronic obsessive states. The average age of the heterogeneous group was 33 years.

scholarly journals Analysis of disability due to organic mental disorders for 2019 in the Republic of Mordovia

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-29
Author(s):  
Svetlana V Kiryukhina ◽  
Olga V Gulina ◽  
Vyacheslav G Podsevatkin ◽  
Galina N Kukina ◽  
Yevgeniya Yu Yurasova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Mental Illnesses ◽  
Social Adaptation ◽  
Steady Increase ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Organic Mental Disorders ◽  
Working Age ◽  
The Republic ◽  
First Time

Background. The trend of recent years is a steady increase in mental illness among the population. according to the statistics of the ministry of health of the russian federation, mental disorders were classified as socially significant diseases in russia in 2018. Thus, the absolute number of patients with a first-time diagnosis of a mental disorder who applied for counseling and treatment in the Russian Federation in 2018 was 379818, which is 3.4% more than in 2017. [20,21,22,23,24] the number of patients with a first-time diagnosis of " mental disorder (except for diseases related to the use of psychoactive substances)" taken under dispensary observation in the republic of mordovia in the same year was 35.5 per 100,000 population. In addition, mental illnesses are in third place among disabling diseases, second only to malignant neoplasms and diseases of the circulatory system. In the structure of repeated disability by class of diseases, this group of diseases is 9%, and the lion's share falls on people of working age. Thus, there is a steady increase in mental illnesses, as well as disability due to them [1], [3]. The question arises of the need to study the patterns of disability formation in order to further develop theories and concepts of ways to protect human health, prevent disability, assess the rehabilitation potential and prognosis, develop rehabilitation measures that improve social adaptation and integration of patients in the family and society. The aim- study of the patterns of disability formation due to organic mental disorders in the Republic of Mordovia, taking into account age characteristics and severity of disability, which is important for the development of comprehensive measures for the prevention of morbidity, early diagnosis and rehabilitation of this group of people. Materials and methods. The analysis included information from the statistical collections of Rosstat and approved forms of state statistics No. 7-sobes for 2019. The data of all first-time persons recognized as disabled due to mental disorders in the Republic of Mordovia for 2014-2019 on the basis of the ITU information base for the Republic of Mordovia are analyzed using a continuous method. Results. Having analyzed the data of all first-time persons recognized as disabled due to mental disorders in the Republic of Mordovia for 2014-2019 on the basis of the ITU information base for the Republic of Mordovia, it was concluded that a significant place in the structure of disability is occupied by organic mental disorders. The percentage of people with organic mental disorders among those first recognized as disabled 18 years and older over the past five years is significant and stable, ranging from 20.1 (in 2017) to 25.1 (in 2014). In the structure of patients who were diagnosed with disability with this diagnosis, there is a predominance of repeated patients over primary ones (by 23.6 %), and it should be noted that this pathology is more common in men (71% of the total number of persons (or in the population) with the above diagnosis). Patients with both primary and re-recognized disabilities with a diagnosis of "Organic mental disorder" were more often assigned to the third group of disability (62% of cases among primary, 57.4% among repeated). Also, the third group of disability prevails regardless of the patient's gender. The study of age-related features of disability due to organic mental disorders in the Republic of Mordovia in 2019 showed that organic mental disorders are most often found in the working-age population. In addition, the proportion of young people (from 18 years to 44 years) is high, it is 59.2% for men, 50% for women. Conclusions. Given the steady increase in mental illness and disability as a result of it, it is necessary to study the theories and concepts of medical and social expertise and rehabilitation of patients suffering from mental disorders. The role of fundamental and applied research in the field of medical and social expertise and medical and social rehabilitation is significant in order to create ways to protect human health, prevent disability, and develop factors that improve social adaptation and integration of patients in the family and society. in order to develop such concepts, it is necessary to study the structure of disability, the patterns of formation, and the peculiarities of the influence of age and gender factors.

scholarly journals GAMBARAN STATUS MENTAL PADA PASIEN SKIZOFRENIA DI LEMBAGA KESEJAHTERAAN SOSIAL YAYASAN AL FAJAR BERSERI BEKASI

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 36-45
Author(s):  
Nuram Mubina ◽  
Kristi Candra Rafika Devi
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Mental Status ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Keywords Schizophrenia ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
As Stress ◽  
And Behavior

Schizophrenia is a mental disorder that shows disruption in cognitive function (mind) in the form of disorganization, Schizophrenia attacks at productive age and is the most dominant mental disorder compared to other mental disorders. An assessment of the mental status of schizophrenic patients is done to find out how emotional and psychomotor levels and behavior. Mental rehabilitation institutions are the main place for schizophrenics. This report contains the mental status of Schizophrenic patients at the Al Fajar Berseri Foundation. The subjects in this study consisted of two respondents. Data collection uses interview and observation techniques. The research method used is descriptive qualitative research. The conclusion of the study is the cause of schizophrenia, namely environmental factors such as stress due to stress caused by the environment, psychological such as inability to solve problems internally. Keywords: Schizophrenia, mental status Skizofrenia merupakan kelainan jiwa yang menunjukkan gangguan dalam fungsi kognitif (pikiran) berupa disorganisasi, skizofrenia menyerang pada usia produktif dan merupakan gangguan jiwa yang paling mendominasi dibandingkan gangguan jiwa lainnya. Pengkajian pada status mental pasien Skizofrenia dilakukan untuk mengetahui bagaimana tingkat dan perilaku emosi serta psikomotor. Panti rehabilitasi mental menjadi tempat yang utama untuk para penderita skizofrenia. Laporan ini berisi tentang status mental pasien Skizofrenia di Yayasan Al Fajar Berseri. Subjek dalam penelitian ini terdiri dari dua responden. Pengumpulan data menggunakan teknik wawancara dan Observasi. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu penelitian kualitatif deskriptif. Kesimpulan penelitian adalah penyebab skizofrenia yaitu faktor lingkungan seperti stress akibat tekanan yang disebabkan oleh lingkungan, psikologis seperti ketidakmampuan dalam pemecahan masalah secara internal. Kata kunci: Skizofrenia, status mental

scholarly journals Impact of arthritis on the perceived need and use of mental healthcare among Canadians with mental disorders: nationally representative cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. e041371
Author(s):  
Alyssa Howren ◽  
J Antonio Aviña-Zubieta ◽  
Deborah Da Costa ◽  
Joseph H Puyat ◽  
Hui Xie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Mental Healthcare ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Perceived Need ◽  
Mental Health Support ◽  
Health Support

ObjectiveTo evaluate the association between having arthritis and the perceived need for mental healthcare and use of mental health support among individuals with mental disorders.DesignA cross-sectional analysis using data from Canadian Community Health Survey—Mental Health (2012).SettingThe survey was administered across Canada’s 10 provinces using multistage cluster sampling.ParticipantsThe study sample consisted of individuals reporting depression, anxiety or bipolar disorder.Study variables and analysisThe explanatory variable was self-reported doctor-diagnosed arthritis, and outcomes were perceived need for mental healthcare and use of mental health support. We computed overall and gender-stratified multivariable binomial logistic regression models adjusted for age, gender, race/ethnicity, income and geographical region.ResultsAmong 1774 individuals with a mental disorder in the study sample, 436 (20.4%) reported having arthritis. Arthritis was associated with increased odds of having a perceived need for mental healthcare (adjusted OR (aOR) 1.71, 95% CI 1.06 to 2.77). In the gender-stratified models, this association was increased among men (aOR 2.69, 95% CI 1.32 to 5.49) but not women (aOR 1.48, 95% CI 0.78 to 2.82). Evaluation of the association between arthritis and use of mental health support resulted in an aOR of 1.50 (95% CI 0.89 to 2.51). Individuals with arthritis tended to use medications and professional services as opposed to non-professional support.ConclusionComorbid arthritis among individuals with a mental disorder was associated with an increased perceived need for mental healthcare, especially in men, underscoring the importance of understanding the role of masculinity in health seeking. Assessing the mental health of patients with arthritis continues to be essential for clinical care.

Tobacco smoking and mental disorders in Australian adolescents

2021 ◽  
pp. 000486742110096
Author(s):  
David Lawrence ◽  
Sarah E Johnson ◽  
Francis Mitrou ◽  
Sharon Lawn ◽  
Michael Sawyer
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Tobacco Smoking ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Current Smoking ◽  
Self Harm ◽  
Current Tobacco

Objectives: This study aimed to (1) examine the strength of the association between mental disorders/mental health problems, risk behaviours and tobacco smoking among Australian adolescents, (2) compare rates of tobacco smoking among Australian adolescents with major depressive disorder, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and/or conduct disorder in 2013/14 vs 1998, and (3) identify the extent to which an association between tobacco smoking and mental health problems among adolescents can be attributed to non-mental health risk factors. Methods: The study utilised data from the first (1998) and second (2013/14) child and adolescent components of the National Surveys of Mental Health and Wellbeing. Both surveys identified nationally representative samples of Australian young people aged 4–17 years, living in private dwellings. Information was collected from parents and 13- to 17-year-olds about mental disorders, mental health problems, risk behaviours and tobacco smoking. Results: In the 2013/14 survey, the rate of current tobacco smoking among those with a mental disorder was 20% compared to 5% in those without a mental disorder. Rates were highest for young people with conduct disorder (50%), major depressive disorder (24%) and anxiety disorders (19%). In 2013/14, 38% of current tobacco smokers had a mental disorder and 32% reported self-harm and/or suicidal ideation vs 10% and 5%, respectively, among adolescents who had never smoked. Females with mental disorders or reporting self-harm or suicidal ideation had higher rates of current smoking than males. Other significant factors associated with current smoking included school-related problems, binge eating and having had more than one sexual partner. Conclusion: While smoking rates in 13- to 17-year-olds with mental disorders had declined since 1998, the strength of the association between mental disorders and smoking had increased, especially among females. Our findings highlight the need to address the tobacco smoking among adolescents with mental disorders, particularly females.

scholarly journals Architecture and Mental Disorders: A Systematic Study of Peer-Reviewed Literature

2020 ◽  
pp. 193758672097376
Author(s):  
Mais M. Aljunaidy ◽  
Mohamad Nadim Adi
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Interior Design ◽  
Systematic Study ◽  
Physical Environment ◽  
Architectural Design ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Environment Design ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Physical Environments

Objectives: To perform a systematic study about the contribution of architecture and interior design researchers in studying the effect of physical environment on mental disorders. Background: Mental disorders are a major health problem worldwide and related to severe distress, functional disabilities, and heavy economical burdens. Studies propose that physical environment design can trigger or reduce mental disorder symptoms. However, there is a lack of knowledge about the extent of architectural design research contribution to all types of mental disorder prevention or intervention. Methods: A team of cross-disciplinary researchers gathered information from peer-reviewed manuscripts about the effect of architectural design on enhancing or reducing mental disorder symptoms. Data were collected from manuscripts published between 2008 and 2020 (research related to the topic became clearer in quality and quantity then). Keywords including architecture, interior design, physical environment, and mental disorders were used in the systematic search. Databases were collected using online resources. Numerical data collected from quantitative studies were organized in tables. Results: Our data showed that there were a lot of studies about dementia and autism; few studies about schizophrenia, anxiety, stress-related disorders, and depressive disorders; and no studies about the rest of the mental disorders. General environment followed by housing facility design were the most assessed physical environments for mental disorders. Conclusions: As all mental disorders can have a significant impact on the society, we conclude that architectural studies should focus more on improving or preventing the symptoms of all types of mental disorders through the design of physical environments.

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