Nitrate load and water management of agricultural land

2020 ◽  
pp. 303-311
Author(s):  
P.E. Rijtema
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Nitrate Load

Uzbekistan’s Aquatic Environment and Water Management as an Area of Interest for Hydrology and Thematic Tourism

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 642
Author(s):  
Jacek RÓŻKOWSKI ◽  
Mariusz RZĘTAŁA
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Aral Sea ◽  
Irrigated Agriculture ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Irrigation Systems ◽  
Natural Lakes ◽  
Area Of Interest

The functioning of Uzbekistan’s economy is closely linked to the water resources of its huge cross-border rivers: the Amu Darya and the Syr Darya, as well as to the groundwater present within their basins. Both natural lakes and artificial reservoirs (e.g. the Aydar-Arnasay system of lakes, the Kayrakkum Reservoir, the Chardarya Reservoir) are present there, which retain significant amounts of water, and large canals with lengths of up to several hundred kilometres which involve complex hydraulic structures are used for irrigation purposes. All these are components of a water management system which needs optimisation; as much as 80% of agricultural land is irrigated, with 70% of the water being lost due to inefficient irrigation systems. The consequence of this allocation of river flows and the overuse of water in irrigation systems has been the disappearance of the Aral Sea (1960 year – 68,900 km2, 2017 year – 8,600 km2) and the inflow of water into the Sarygamysh Lake as well as the reduction of Uzbekistan’s groundwater resources by about 40%. The intensive development of irrigated agriculture is associated with changes in surface and groundwater quality caused, inter alia, by the increased use of chemicals in agriculture and the discharge of collector-drainage waters into river systems as well as their reuse. The extent of environmental degradation in some areas (especially in the Aral Sea region) is unique on a global scale. The origins of Uzbekistan’s other hydrological tourist attractions are related to attempts to ensure the availability of water for both human consumption and industrial use under conditions of water scarcity in the country’s arid and semi-arid climates. Not just the spectacular watercourses and water bodies present there (e.g. rivers, lakes, canals), but also small water retention facilities and minor infrastructure elements (e.g. wells, springs and retention basins, canals, ditches and flow control structures) are of potential tourist importance.

scholarly journals Investments in Polish Agriculture: How Production Factors Shape Conditions for Environmental Protection?

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (19) ◽  
pp. 8160
Author(s):  
Piotr Bórawski ◽  
Marta Guth ◽  
Aneta Bełdycka-Bórawska ◽  
Krzysztof Józef Jankowski ◽  
Andrzej Parzonko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Production Factors ◽  
Fixed Assets ◽  
Total Investment ◽  
The Impact

In recent years, social and economic goals have been preferable compared to environmental issues. However, global problems with the environment, increasing pollution, and gas heating emissions have made environmental issues a major priority. Suddenly, human beings have realized that environmental investments are needed to maintain better world conditions for future generations. This article investigates the development of agricultural investment in the context of production factors in Polish voivodeships in the years 2000–2018. Farmers have to choose between investing and developing production or being more environmentally friendly and invest on a smaller scale or transform their farms into organic production. Moreover, the investment in environmental protection in Poland was analyzed. Investment outlays on fixed assets for environmental protection and outlays on fixed assets for water management were investigated. The level of investment has changed since Poland joined the EU. With membership, Poland gained access to new markets and technology. Particular attention has been focused on production factors (land, capital, and the work force). We have conducted as a proxy regular regression analysis and after panel regression to measure the impact of the chosen factors on explained variables: investment outlays in agriculture, and investment outlays per 1 ha of agricultural land. We have used correlation analysis to examine the relations between explanatory variables and total gross investment in agriculture and total investment outlays in agriculture per 1 ha of agricultural land, outlays on fixed assets for environmental protection, and outlays on fixed assets for water management. Our analysis confirms that explanatory variables are important in shaping total investment outlays in agriculture and total investment outlays per 1 ha of agricultural land.

Potential Watershed Nitrate Load Reduction with Drainage Water Management under Varied Implementation Options

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Srinivasulu Ale ◽  
Laura C Bowling ◽  
Mohamed A Youssef ◽  
Sylvie M Brouder ◽  
Jane R Frankenberger
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Drainage Water ◽  
Load Reduction ◽  
Nitrate Load ◽  
Drainage Water Management

scholarly journals Assessment of training needs on crop production for farmers in some selected areas of Bangladesh

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 669-690
Author(s):  
MS Rahman ◽  
M Khatun ◽  
ML Rahman ◽  
SR Haque
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Disease Management ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Training Needs ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Interview Schedule ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Management Technology ◽  
Regular Training

The study attempts to determine the training needs of the farmers emphasizing nine selected major thematic areas. Under each major component, specific and relevant training needs item were collected and systematically incorporated into an interview schedule and administered in terms of frequency of training imparted. Four districts were purposively selected for the study and a total of eighty farmers were randomly selected from four districts. Primary data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The study revealed that more male was involved in farming and 45% farmers were middle age category (30-39 years). Majority of the farmers completed primary level of education compared to other categories and family size of more than half (60 %) of the respondents was three. Majority number of respondents (57%) had more than 10 years farming experience. A small number of farmers (8.75%) had owned agricultural land and 45% had land between 0.50- 1 hectare. More than 75% of annual gross income of 57.50% farmers came from agricultural activities. More than half (55%) of the respondents collected information on crop and its varieties by own attempt while about 34% was informed from seed seller or dealer. Farmers in Chattogram district had first priority to get training on integrated pest and diseases management, production of bio control agents and bio pesticides, marketing and transportation. Water management, integrated pest and disease management, vermi-compost production, marketing and transportation ranked first in Khagrachori district. The areas of priority for training in Rajshahi district were production and management technology, processing and value addition, marketing and transportation, integrated pest and disease management, water management and vermi-compost production. Training on integrated pest and disease management, bio-control of pests and diseases, production of bio control agents and bio pesticides, production of off-season vegetables, vermi-compost production, marketing and transportation were most emphasized by the respondents in Rangpur district. Respondents defined identification of adulterated fertilizer, insecticide and pesticide application, disease and insects of mango varieties and fruit bagging system of mango as very good type of training. The study concluded that there is an urgent need to design regular training programs in identified thematic areas to fulfill the knowledge gap among the farmers of Bangladesh.Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 43(4): 669-690, December 2018

scholarly journals Daily Evapotranspiration Estimation Using HJ-1 Data for Irrigation Water Management in a Desert-Oasis Irrigation District, Northwest China

2018 ◽  
Vol 246 ◽  
pp. 02006
Author(s):  
Zhenyan Yi ◽  
Yunzhong Jiang ◽  
Hongli Zhao ◽  
Haichen Li ◽  
Rong Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Time Series ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Northwest China ◽  
Field Scale ◽  
Irrigation Water Management ◽  
Vegetation Fraction ◽  
Desert Oasis ◽  
Daily Evapotranspiration

Irrigation of agricultural land is the main water consumer in the arid and semiarid regions. The accurate time series of daily evapotranspiration (ET) at the field scale is crucial for irrigation water management. Here, we presented an integrated approach to field-scale ET mapping by combing METRIC (Mapping Evapotranspiration at High Resolution with Internalized Calibration) with trapezoidal framework of vegetation fraction and land surface temperature (fv-Trad). This approach fed with Chinese satellite HJ-1 (environmental and disaster monitoring and forecasting with a small satellite constellation) images was used to map daily ET over the desert-oasis irrigation fields in the middle of the Heihe River Basin, Northwest China. The results showed that time series of daily ET derived from HJ-1 were well consistent with the in situ measurements (coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.95, root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.31 mmd–1, mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of 12.0% at Daman station; R2 of 0.89, RMSE of 0.16 mmd–1, and MAPE of 13.2% at Huazhaizi station). The rapid variation of ET could be precisely captured by HJ-1, especially when rainfall or irrigation events occurred between successive acquisitions of satellite data. Meanwhile, the spatiotemporal variation of monthly ET is closely related to crop growth. Daily ET at field scale will support a variety of local interests in water use and irrigation management for both planning and regulatory purposes.

Evaluation of surface and groundwater management strategies for drained sulfidic soil using numerical simulation models

Soil Research ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 569 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. G. Blunden ◽  
B. Indraratna
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Pyrite Oxidation ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Acid Sulfate Soils ◽  
Drain Water ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Acid Sulfate ◽  
Sulfate Soils

The effective management of acid sulfate soils is a major issue for many coastal regions in Australia. Simulations were conducted to evaluate 4 different water management strategies that could be applied to agricultural land on the south coast of New South Wales, Australia, to minimise acid generation from acid sulfate soils. The water management strategies are compared with the existing extensively drained situation which generates and discharges large quantities of acidic pyrite oxidation products. The 4 water management strategies include elevated drain water levels using a weir, 25 mm irrigation on a 7- or 14-day cycle, and elevated drain water levels with irrigation. All of these strategies were designed to minimise the generation of acid by reducing the transport of oxygen to the sulfidic soil. Simulations were conducted for weather and site conditions experienced during a 12-month period starting in July 1997. Model simulations showed that maintenance of elevated drain water levels using a weir in the drain significantly reduced the amount of acid generated by 75% and 57%, at 10 and 90 m distance from the drain, respectively, by comparison with the existing drained state. The addition of 25 mm irrigation on a 14-day cycle to the weir simulation reduced the oxidation of pyrite by a further 1–2%. Application of irrigation only on a 7-day cycle also reduced the acid generated by 89% and 94% at 10 and 90 m distance from the drain, respectively, by comparison with the existing drained state. Irrigation on a 14-day cycle was not as successful in reducing pyrite oxidation as either the 7-day irrigation or weir strategies. Evaluation of the 4 water management options showed that significant improvements can be made with respect to the amount of acid generated by relatively simple and cost-effective land management practices.

scholarly journals Hydrological and hydraulic analysis of a small lowland watercourse flow capacity and its functioning in the region of Silesian Lowlands in the context of rainfall water management

2017 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 153-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirosław Wiatkowski ◽  
Łukasz Gruss
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Low Flow ◽  
Hydraulic Analysis ◽  
Maximum Rainfall ◽  
Agricultural Catchments ◽  
Flow Capacity ◽  
Total Capacity ◽  
Irrigation Drainage

Abstract Hydrological and hydraulic analysis of a small lowland watercourse flow capacity and its functioning in the region of Silesian Lowlands in the context of rainfall water management. The built-up areas in the catchments of small lowland watercourses faced with the risk of particularly devastating natural hazards. This risk is especially prevalent in the mouth reaches. The increasingly intense extreme natural phenomena, such as violent floods and long lasting droughts, increase the importance of irrigation, drainage and hydraulic structures. This paper presents the results of a comprehensive hydrological and hydraulic analysis of the functioning of a small lowland watercourse flow capacity in the context of water management in its catchment. The case study discussed below is a proposal that could be used by both the specialists and the designers working in the field of water management. Methods are proposed for the determination of heavy rainfall in small ungauged agricultural catchments for the purpose of rainfall water management. The area under study consists of the lower reaches of R-4, a watercourse located in the agricultural village of Dobrzeń Wielki in the Opolskie province, the Upper Odra river basin. The authors have assessed the flow capacity of R-4 based on EN 752:2008 and carried out hydrological calculations for the area being analysed as well as hydraulic calculations for R-4. It was concluded, that the small lowland watercourse and the communication structures (culverts and pipelines) on its way indicated low flow capacity. Consequently, a rainfall water management concept was proposed for the water flowing in the watercourse. A small retention reservoir with a total capacity of 3,132 m3 and a surface area of 2,088 m2 was also proposed to be constructed. In order to calculate the water inflow to the reservoir the Bogdanowicz and Stachy formula was used. This model was selected because the maximum rainfall on agricultural land calculated from this formula meets the requirements of EN 752:2008. Moreover, this formula produced the highest runoff values compared to other models. The research carried out is in line with the goals of water management in rural areas, where the management model has changed.

Modelling raw water quality—development of a drinking water management tool

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 589-596
Author(s):  
Ch. Kübeck ◽  
W. van Berk ◽  
A. Bergmann
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Quality Development ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Economic Resource ◽  
Raw Water Quality

Ensuring future drinking water supply requires a tough management of groundwater resources. However, recent practice of economic resource control often does not involve aspects of the hydrogeochemical and geohydraulical groundwater system. In respect of analysing the available quantity and quality of future raw water, an effective resource management requires a full understanding of the hydrogeochemical and geohydraulical processes within the aquifer. For example, the knowledge of raw water quality development with time helps to work out strategies of water treatment as well as planning finance resources. On the other hand, the effectiveness of planned measurements reducing the infiltration of harmful substances such as nitrate can be checked and optimized by using hydrogeochemical modelling. Thus, within the framework of the InnoNet program funded by Federal Ministry of Economics and Technology, a network of research institutes and water suppliers work in close cooperation developing a planning and management tool particularly oriented on water management problems. The tool involves an innovative material flux model that calculates the hydrogeochemical processes under consideration of the dynamics in agricultural land use. The program integrated graphical data evaluation is aligned on the needs of water suppliers.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document