Repair of Wounds of the Mucosa in the Rectum of the Cat

Development ◽  
1958 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 509-517
Author(s):  
R. M. H. McMinn ◽  
F. R. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Ulcerative Colitis ◽  
Wound Healing ◽  
Large Intestine ◽  
Ulcer Healing ◽  
Alimentary Canal ◽  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
Peptic Ulceration ◽  
Repair Processes ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Mucosal Lesions

Investigators of wound healing in the alimentary canal have carried out their experiments mainly in the gastro-duodenal region, in view of the importance of the problem of peptic ulceration in man. Little attention has been paid to repair processes at lower levels of the intestinal tract; histological investigations on this subject in the large intestine appear to have been carried out only by O'Connor (1954, 1956) and by Lumb & Protheroe (1955). Sircus (1956) studied the ulceration that ensued in portions of colon that had been implanted into the stomach wall in dogs, but his interest lay in the mechanism of ulcer production rather than ulcer healing, and Truelove's (1957) biopsies from patients with ulcerative colitis were used largely to assess a method of treatment and not to investigate repair processes. The present series of experiments was carried out in order to study the repair of mucosal lesions in the rectum of the cat.

scholarly journals STUDY OF GIT RELATED KOSHTHANGA W.S.R. TO PAKWASHAYA

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 1466-1468
Author(s):  
Pallavi Gupta ◽  
Divya Nidhi
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Large Intestine ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Alimentary Canal ◽  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
Human Anatomy ◽  
Specific Function ◽  
Partial Digestion ◽  
Complete Digestion ◽  
Absolute Knowledge

Human anatomy is the science where human body structures are designed to enable complete physiological action thus establishing homeostasis of the human body. Acharya Sushruta had a keen observation about the human body reflecting that without the absolute knowledge of Rachana Sharir. Chikitsak cannot be considered an expert. In Ayurveda, the part of G.I.T. is mentioned in Koshthanga by various Acharya. These Koshthanga are Aamashaya, Pakwashaya, Purishdhara, Uttarguda, Adharguda, Kshudrantra etc. which are situated within the koshtha. In modern anatomy, G.I.T. or Alimentary canal includes all the structures between the mouth and anus, forming a continuous passageway that includes the main organ of digestion, namely the stomach small intestine and large intestine, each part of the Gastric intestinal tract is adapted to its specific function. The 'oesophagus' function primarily to conduct food rapidly from the pharynx to the stomach mixing along with the digestive juic- es, carrying out partial digestion and then propelling the food into the duodenum is the function of the stomach small intestine is designed for complete digestion and absorption of nutrients. Absorption of water and electrolyte from the chyme to form solid faeces is the function of the large intestine. Pakwashaya is the main organ related to the site of Vata Dosha, Purishvaha srotas, Purishdhara kala, Koshthanga and Aashaya. Pakwashaya plays an important role in formation of urine and digestion of food. Keywords: Pakwashaya, Purish

scholarly journals Diversion colitis: a trigger for ulcerative colitis in the in-stream colon?

Gut ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 279-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
A G Lim ◽  
F L Langmead ◽  
R M Feakins ◽  
D S Rampton
Keyword(s):  
Ulcerative Colitis ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Large Intestine ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Rectosigmoid Colon ◽  
Diversion Colitis ◽  
End Colostomy ◽  
Microscopic Features ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

The aetiology of ulcerative colitis is unknown. Two patients without pre-existing inflammatory bowel disease in whom end colostomy for faecal incontinence was complicated by diversion colitis in the defunctioned rectosigmoid colon, are described. In both instances, colitis with the clinical, colonoscopic, and microscopic features of ulcerative colitis developed about a year later in the previously normal in-stream colon proximal to the colostomy. These cases suggest that diversion colitis may be a risk factor for ulcerative colitis in predisposed individuals and that ulcerative colitis can be triggered by anatomically discontinuous inflammation elsewhere in the large intestine.

scholarly journals PENGARUH PEMBERIAN GEL KOMBINASI EKSTRAK GETAH PEPAYA (Carica papaya L) DAN EKSTRAK DAGING LIDAH BUAYA (Aloe vera) TERHADAP PROSES PENYEMBUHAN ULKUS TRAUMATIKUS PADA MALE WISTAR RATS YANG MENDERITA DIABETES MELITUS

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
Umi Kulsum ◽  
Ratnawati Hendari ◽  
Siti Chumaeroh
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Ulcer Healing ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Povidone Iodine ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Aloe Vera ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Papaya Latex

Introduction: Research on the use of papaya and aloevera sap on wound healing each been done, but effects the combination of the two extracts on wound healing in diabetes mellitus condition has not been done.Purpose: This study aims to determine the effect of a gel combination of papaya latex and aloevera flesh extracts on the traumatics ulcer healing process in diabetic rats.Methods: True experimental laboratory research with the post-test-only control group design that performed on 28 male wistar rats which were divided intofour groups: DM and non-DM rat that treatment with povidone iodine and gel combination of papaya latex and aloevera flesh extract. The treatment was done for 7 days with smearing that was given 2x/day. Traumatics ulcer healing seen from the number of fibroblasts that then were analyzed by One WayAnova and post hoc LSD test.Results: The results showed the number of fibroblasts in DM and non-DM rat with povidone iodine were 44.6 and 42.73; in the DM and non-DM rat with a gel combination of papaya latex and aloe vera flesh extracts were 61.10 and 77.03. One Way Anova test resulted p-value = 0.000, it was mean that there were at least a significant difference on the number of fibroblasts in the two groups. Differences of the number fibroblasts was shown in all groups, except in the group DM and non-DM rats with povidone iodine (p = 0.764).Conclusion: Conclusion of the study was the provision of a gel combination of papaya latex and aloevera flesh extracts effect on the traumatics ulcer healing process in diabetic rats.

scholarly journals Microbiota-nourishing Immunity and Its Relevance for Ulcerative Colitis

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 811-815 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana X Byndloss ◽  
Yael Litvak ◽  
Andreas J Bäumler
Keyword(s):  
Ulcerative Colitis ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Environmental Exposure ◽  
Large Intestine ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Human Diseases ◽  
Colonization Resistance ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
New Hypothesis

An imbalance in our microbiota may contribute to many human diseases, but the mechanistic underpinnings of dysbiosis remain poorly understood. We argue that dysbiosis is secondary to a defect in microbiota-nourishing immunity, a part of our immune system that balances the microbiota to attain colonization resistance against environmental exposure to microorganisms. We discuss this new hypothesis and its implications for ulcerative colitis, an inflammatory bowel disease of the large intestine.

scholarly journals Gastrointestinal implications in pigs of wheat and oat fractions

1991 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. E. Bach Knudsen ◽  
Inge Hansen
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Flour ◽  
Large Intestine ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Wheat Starch ◽  
Maintenance Energy ◽  
Oat Bran ◽  
Physical Presence ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Fat Excretion ◽  
Water Holding

The present work was undertaken to study the gastrointestinal effects of wheat and oat dietary fibre (DF) using 40–50 kg pigs cannulated in the terminal ileum. The variables studied were: chemical characteristics of the DF, ileal and faecal digestibility of nutrients and bulking properties of polysaccharides and other major constituents. The wheat products studied included refined wheat flour and wheat fractions rich in the following botanical components: aleurone, pericarp/testa and bran. The oat products used were rolled oats and oat bran. The products varied considerably in DF content (g/kg dry matter) and composition; non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) and Klason lignin content ranged from 34 and 1 g/kg respectively in wheat flour, to 465 and 92 g/kg in pericarp/testa. The main NSPs in the wheat were arabinoxylans (AX) (64–69%) and cellulose (15–31%) and in oats mixed linked β(1 → 3; 1 → 4)-D-glucans (β-glucans; 46–63%) and AX (28–32%). The lowest content of soluble NSP was found in the lignified wheat fractions (bran and pericarp/testa) and the highest in oat bran. Eight diets were produced using the wheat and oat products and studied in two series of experiments using wheat flour as the DF-depleted control. The diets in Expt 1 were based on wheat flour and three iso-DF enriched diets prepared by adding DF from the fractions rich in wheat aleurone, pericarp/testa or bran. In Expt 2, oat bran was added to wheat flour to achieve the same DF intake level as in Expt 1. This series also included diets based on rolled oats and rolled oats plus oat bran. Starch was almost completely digested in the small intestine (0.97–1.00). However, there was a tendency to a slightly lower digestibility of oat starch compared with wheat starch. The recovery of wheat NSP in ileal digesta was 82–104 % compared with 64–66% for oats. The low recovery of NSP in oat diets was primarily due to the low recovery of β-glucans (25–36%). In the large intestine NSP and starch residues were extensively degraded. For the DF-depleted control diets or diets based on oats, 8–17% NSP survived breakdown while in the diets enriched with aleurone, pericarp/testa or bran fractions, NSP recovery was 33, 50 and 38 % respectively. Fermentative breakdown of carbohydrates in the large intestine was estimated to contribute between 10 and 24 % of the energy for maintenance. Energy derived from the inflow of organic acids from the ileum contributed an additional 1–4% of maintenance energy. In wheat endosperm, AX were broken down to a greater extent than cellulose, while the breakdown of AX in pericarp/testa was similar to that of cellulose. This difference in NSP breakdown can be explained by structural differences in the two types of cell walls. The breakdown of oat AX was lower than that of wheat flour. Wheat DF increased faecal bulk primarily by virtue of its physical presence and its water-holding capacity, while the oat DF stimulated faecal output through an increase in microbial biomass (Bach Knudsenet al.1991). The result was a higher excretion of protein and fat. The higher fat excretion with the oat diets was probably due to a higher bile acid excretion caused by the more extensive fermentation of carbohydrates and the lower lumen pH.

scholarly journals Magnesium Sensing Regulates Intestinal Colonization of Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7

mBio ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yutao Liu ◽  
Runhua Han ◽  
Junyue Wang ◽  
Pan Yang ◽  
Fang Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Large Intestine ◽  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
Regulatory System ◽  
Regulatory Pathway ◽  
Content Type ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Low Magnesium ◽  
Enterocyte Effacement

ABSTRACT The large intestinal pathogen enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O157:H7 detects host cues to regulate virulence gene expression during colonization and infection. However, virulence regulatory mechanisms of EHEC O157:H7 in the human large intestine are not fully understood. Herein, we identified a virulence-regulating pathway where the PhoQ/PhoP two-component regulatory system senses low magnesium levels and signals to the O island 119-encoded Z4267 (LmiA; low magnesium-induced regulator A), directly activating loci of enterocyte effacement genes to promote EHEC O157:H7 adherence in the large intestine. Disruption of this pathway significantly decreased EHEC O157:H7 adherence in the mouse intestinal tract. Moreover, feeding mice a magnesium-rich diet significantly reduced EHEC O157:H7 adherence in vivo. This LmiA-mediated virulence regulatory pathway is also conserved among several EHEC and enteropathogenic E. coli serotypes; therefore, our findings support the use of magnesium as a dietary supplement and provide greater insights into the dietary cues that can prevent enteric infections. IMPORTANCE Sensing specific gut metabolites is an important strategy for inducing crucial virulence programs by enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O157:H7 during colonization and infection. Here, we identified a virulence-regulating pathway wherein the PhoQ/PhoP two-component regulatory system signals to the O island 119-encoded low magnesium-induced regulator A (LmiA), which, in turn, activates locus of enterocyte effacement (LEE) genes to promote EHEC O157:H7 adherence in the low-magnesium conditions of the large intestine. This regulatory pathway is widely present in a range of EHEC and enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) serotypes. Disruption of this pathway significantly decreased EHEC O157:H7 adherence in the mouse intestinal tract. Moreover, mice fed a magnesium-rich diet showed significantly reduced EHEC O157:H7 adherence in vivo, indicating that magnesium may help in preventing EHEC and EPEC infection in humans.

scholarly journals The TLR9 Agonist Cobitolimod Induces IL10-Producing Wound Healing Macrophages and Regulatory T Cells in Ulcerative Colitis

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 508-524 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heike Schmitt ◽  
Julia Ulmschneider ◽  
Ulrike Billmeier ◽  
Michael Vieth ◽  
Patrizio Scarozza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ulcerative Colitis ◽  
Wound Healing ◽  
T Cells ◽  
Regulatory T Cells ◽  
Th17 Cells ◽  
Experimental Colitis ◽  
Foxp3 Expression ◽  
Treg Cells ◽  
Tlr9 Agonist ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Abstract Background and Aims The topically applied Toll-like receptor 9 [TLR9] agonist cobitolimod is a first-in-class DNA-based oligonucleotide with demonstrated therapeutic efficacy in clinical trials with ulcerative colitis [UC] patients. We here characterized its anti-inflammatory mechanism in UC. Methods Luminal cobitolimod administration was evaluated in an experimental dextran sodium sulfate [DSS]-induced colitis model. Cultured blood and mucosal cells from UC patients were treated with cobitolimod and analysed via microarray, quantitative real-time PCR, ELISA and flow cytometry. Intestinal slides of cobitolimod-treated UC patients were analysed by immunohistochemistry. Results Cobitolimod administration markedly suppressed experimental colitis activity, and microarray analyses demonstrated mucosal IL10 upregulation and suppression of IL17 signalling pathways. Cobitolimod treatment was associated with significant induction of mucosal IL10+Tr1 and Treg cells and suppression of Th17 cells. TLR9 knockout mice indicated that cobitolimod requires TLR9 signalling for IL10 induction. In UC patients, mucosal TLR9 levels correlated with severity of inflammation. Cobitolimod inhibited IL17A and IL17F, but increased IL10 and FoxP3 expression in cultured intestinal UC T cells. Cobitolimod-mediated suppression of intestinal IL17+T cells was abrogated by IL10 blockade. Furthermore, cobitolimod led to heightened IL10 production by wound healing macrophages. Immunohistochemistry in intestinal biopsies of cobitolimod-treated UC patients indicated increased presence of IL10+mononuclear and regulatory T cells, as well as reduction of IL17+cells. Conclusion Activation of TLR9 via cobitolimod might represent a novel therapeutic approach in UC, as it suppresses Th17 cells and induces anti-inflammatory IL10+macrophages and regulatory T cells, thereby modifying the dysregulated intestinal cytokine balance. Podcast This article has an associated podcast which can be accessed at https://academic.oup.com/ecco-jcc/pages/podcast

Effect of the opioid peptide dalargin on repair processes during wound healing

1988 ◽  
Vol 106 (4) ◽  
pp. 1492-1495 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. B. Shekhter ◽  
A. I. Solov'eva ◽  
S. E. Spevak ◽  
M. I. Titov
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Opioid Peptide ◽  
Repair Processes
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