scholarly journals Activation of the PTHRP/adenylate cyclase pathway promotes differentiation of rat XEN cells into parietal endoderm, whereas Wnt/β-catenin signaling promotes differentiation into visceral endoderm

2012 ◽  
Vol 126 (1) ◽  
pp. 128-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilya Chuykin ◽  
Herbert Schulz ◽  
Kaomei Guan ◽  
Michael Bader
Keyword(s):  
Adenylate Cyclase ◽  
Visceral Endoderm ◽  
Parietal Endoderm

Investigation of cell lineage and differentiation in the extraembryonic endoderm of the mouse embryo

Development ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 175-198
Author(s):  
R. L. Gardner
Keyword(s):  
Inner Cell Mass ◽  
Cell Mass ◽  
Cell Lineage ◽  
Early Embryo ◽  
Visceral Endoderm ◽  
Primitive Endoderm ◽  
Developmental Potential ◽  
Extraembryonic Endoderm ◽  
Parietal Endoderm ◽  
Endodermal Cells

The technique of injecting genetically labelled cells into blastocysts was used in an attempt to determine whether the parietal and visceral endoderm originate from the same or different cell populations in the early embryo. When the developmental potential of 5th day primitive ectoderm and primitive endoderm cells was compared thus, only the latter were found to colonize the extraembryonic endoderm. Furthermore, single primitive endoderm cells yielded unequivocal colonization of both the parietal and the visceral endoderm in a proportion of chimaeras. However, in the majority of primitive endodermal chimaeras, donor cells were detected in the parietal endoderm only, cases of exclusively visceral colonization being rare. Visceral endoderm cells from 6th and 7th day post-implantation embryos also exhibited a striking tendency to contribute exclusively to the parietal endoderm following blastocyst injection. The above findings lend no support to a recent proposal that parietal and visceral endoderm are derived from different populations of inner cell mass cells. Rather, they suggest that the two extraembryonic endoderm layers originate from a common pool of primitive endoderm cells whose direction of differentiation depends on their interactions with non-endodermal cells.

scholarly journals Enzyme analysis of mouse extra-embryonic tissues

Development ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-139
Author(s):  
Michael I. Sherman ◽  
Sui Bl Atienza-Samols
Keyword(s):  
Cell Types ◽  
Embryonic Cell ◽  
Enzyme Analysis ◽  
Visceral Endoderm ◽  
Fetal Circulation ◽  
Embryonic Tissues ◽  
Parietal Endoderm ◽  
Reichert's Membrane ◽  
Catabolic Enzyme ◽  
Alkaline And Acid Phosphatases

We have separated for enzyme analysis the following layers that surround the conceptus at midgestation: decidua, trophoblast, parietal endoderm (including Reichert's membrane), visceral endoderm, yolk-sac mesoderm and amnion. Measurement of several catabolic enzyme activities (N-acetyl-β,D-hexosaminidase, β-glucuronidase, alkaline and acid phosphatases and non-specific esterases) in these tissues indicates that they are biochemically distinct, perhaps reflecting the different functions that they perform in providing the embryo proper with a desirable environment for differentiation and development. Our studies also provide an example of how visceral endoderm cells can effectively block passage of maternal macromolecules (in this case a serum esterase) in the fetal circulation. Finally, since there is often difficulty in distinguishing among early embryonic and extra-embryonic cell types produced in teratocarcinoma cultures, we have considered how our observations might be of use in this respect, particularly in discriminating between visceral and parietal endoderm.

In vitro development of inner cell masses isolated immunosurgically from mouse blastocysts

Development ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-121
Author(s):  
Brigid Hogan ◽  
Rita Tilly
Keyword(s):  
Outer Layer ◽  
Normal Mouse ◽  
Inner Cell Mass ◽  
Cell Mass ◽  
Giant Cells ◽  
Visceral Endoderm ◽  
Floating Structures ◽  
Parietal Endoderm ◽  
Vitro Development

This paper describes the development in culture of inner cell masses isolated immunosurgically from C3H/He mouse blastocysts immediately after collection between 3·5 and 4·0 days p.c. By 24–48 h most of the inner cell masses isolated from half-expanded blastocysts, and about 50% of those from expanded blastocysts, regenerate an outer layer of trophectoderm- like cells and so resemble mini-blastocysts. With further in vitro culture these structures attach to the substratum and give rise to trophoblast-like giant cells, together with clusters of parietal endoderm cells or inner cell masses surrounded by visceral endoderm. Many of the inner cell masses from the remaining expanded blastocysts develop into floating structures with an outer layer of endoderm cells, and by 7 days consist of a large fluid filled cyst surrounding a collapsed vesicle of epithelial cells. Mesodermal cells line the cysts and form numerous blood islands. When mechanically disrupted, and grown as attached sheets of cells, these cystic structures give rise to patches of trophoblast-like giant cells similar to those described in the previous paper. These results suggest that the inner cell mass of normal mouse blastocysts contains cells which are capable of giving rise to trophoblast in culture.

Cell interactions and endoderm differentiation in cultured mouse embryos

Development ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 379-394
Author(s):  
Brigid L. M. Hogan ◽  
Rita Tilly
Keyword(s):  
Basement Membrane ◽  
Mouse Embryo ◽  
Cell Lineage ◽  
Giant Cells ◽  
Visceral Endoderm ◽  
Extraembryonic Endoderm ◽  
Type Iv ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Parietal Endoderm

Morphological and biochemical evidence is presented that the visceral extraembryonic endoderm of the 6·5-day mouse embryo will differentiate into parietal endoderm when cultured in contact with extraembryonic ectoderm undergoing transition into trophoblast giant cells. Egg cylinders from 6·5-day embryos were dissected into embryonic and extraembryonic halves and cultured in suspension in vitro for up to 7 days. After 4 days, the endoderm cells of the extraembryonic fragments morphologically resemble parietal endoderm, are associated with a thick basement membrane and synthesize large amounts of the matrix proteins laminin and Type IV procollagen. A similar transition in phenotype is not seen in the endoderm of embryonic fragments, nor in visceral extraembryonic endoderm cells cultured in isolation. In another series of experiments, complete egg cylinders were dissected free of visceral endoderm ovei lying the extraembryonic ectoderm and then cultured in vitro. The visceral endoderm cells which recolonize the surface of the extraembryonic ectoderm develop a parietal endoderm phenotype and lay down a thick basement membrane. These results suggest that the differentiation of the extraembryonic endoderm of the early mouse embryo into visceral and parietal phenotypes can be influenced by local cell—cell or cell—substrate interactions, and is not determined solely by cell lineage.

scholarly journals The origin of mouse extraembryonic endoderm stem cell lines

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiangwei Lin
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Cell Lineage ◽  
Preimplantation Embryos ◽  
Visceral Endoderm ◽  
Primitive Endoderm ◽  
Cellular Origin ◽  
Extraembryonic Endoderm ◽  
Parietal Endoderm ◽  
Stem Cell Lines

Mouse extraembryonic endoderm stem (XEN) cell lines can be derived from preimplantation embryos (pre-XEN) and postimplantation embryos (post-XEN). XEN cells share a gene expression profile and cell lineage potential with primitive endoderm (PrE) blastocysts. However, the cellular origin of XEN cells in embryos remains unclear. Here, we report that post-XEN cell lines are derived both from the extraembryonic endoderm and epiblasts of postimplantation embryos and that pre-XEN cell lines are derived both from PrE and epiblasts of blastocysts. Our strategy consisted of deriving post-XEN cells from clumps of epiblasts, parietal endoderm (PE) and visceral endoderm (VE) and deriving pre-XEN cell lines from single PrE and single epiblasts of blastocysts. Thus, XEN cell lines in the mouse embryo originate not only from PrE and PrE-derived lineages but also from epiblast and epiblast-derived lineages of blastocysts and postimplantation embryos.

Variant hepatocyte nuclear factor 1 is required for visceral endoderm specification

Development ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 126 (21) ◽  
pp. 4795-4805 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Barbacci ◽  
M. Reber ◽  
M.O. Ott ◽  
C. Breillat ◽  
F. Huetz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Cell Lineage ◽  
Embryoid Bodies ◽  
Nuclear Factor ◽  
Visceral Endoderm ◽  
Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor ◽  
Parietal Endoderm ◽  
Nuclear Factor 1

Genetic and molecular evidence indicates that visceral endoderm, an extraembryonic cell lineage, is required for gastrulation, early anterior neural patterning, cell death and specification of posterior mesodermal cell fates. We show that variant Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 1 (vHNF1), a homeodomain-containing transcription factor first expressed in the primitive endoderm, is required for the specification of visceral endoderm. vHnf1-deficient mouse embryos develop normally to the blastocyst stage, start implantation, but die soon afterwards, with abnormal or absent extraembryonic region, poorly organised ectoderm and no discernible visceral or parietal endoderm. However, immunostaining analysis of E5.5 nullizygous mutant embryos revealed the presence of parietal endoderm-like cells lying on an abnormal basal membrane. Homozygous mutant blastocyst outgrowths or differentiated embryonic stem cells do not express early or late visceral endoderm markers. In addition, in vHnf1 null embryoid bodies there is no activation of the transcription factors HNF-4alpha1, HNF1alpha and HNF-3gamma. Aggregation of vHnf1-deficient embryonic stem cells with wild-type tetraploid embryos, which contribute exclusively to extraembryonic tissues, rescues periimplantation lethality and allows development to progress to early organogenesis. Our results place vHNF1 in a preeminent position in the regulatory network that specifies the visceral endoderm and highlight the importance of this cell lineage for proper growth and differentiation of primitive ectoderm in pregastrulating embryos.

Clonal analysis of the developmental potential of 6th and 7th day visceral endoderm cells in the mouse

Development ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 101 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.L. Cockroft ◽  
R.L. Gardner
Keyword(s):  
Donor Cell ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Phenotypic Change ◽  
Visceral Endoderm ◽  
Developmental Potential ◽  
Cell Clones ◽  
Donor Cells ◽  
Parietal Endoderm ◽  
Extraembryonic Membranes ◽  
Genetically Determined

Single visceral endoderm cells from the embryonic regions of 6th and 7th day conceptuses were cloned by blastocyst injection using the genetically determined presence or absence of cytoplasmic malic enzyme activity as an in situ cell marker. In the 6th day cell injection experiments wild-type donor cell clones were readily discernible in the extraembryonic membranes of more than half the midgestation null host conceptuses; a much lower cloning efficiency was encountered with 7th day cells. With one exception, the clones appeared to be confined to the extraembryonic endoderm, most occurring in the parietal endoderm only. By means of the situ marker, the morphology and arrangement of donor cells in the parietal endoderm could be compared with that of host cells, thereby demonstrating that they had undergone an appropriate phenotypic change after colonizing this tissue. Control experiments indicated that the procedures used to dissociate and select donor cells for injection were likely to have ensured that a representative sample of visceral endoderm cells had been transplanted. Hence on the 6th day of development, a high proportion of cells in the visceral endoderm seem to retain primitive endodermal characteristics, but these appear to be lost by the 7th day, when markers of visceral endoderm differentiation have first been demonstrated.

Cell differentiation in isolated inner cell masses of mouse blastocysts in vitro: onset of specific gene expression

Development ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 367-379
Author(s):  
Marie Dziadek
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Cell Differentiation ◽  
Biochemical Marker ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
The Other ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Visceral Endoderm ◽  
Secondary Layer ◽  
Parietal Endoderm

Inner cell masses (ICMs) were isolated by immunosurgery from giant blastocysts formedby the aggregation of three morulae. A layer of endoderm cells formed on the outer surface of these primary ICMs in vitro. When this layer was removed by immunosurgery, a secondary endoderm layer formed. Alphafetoprotein (AFP) was used as a biochemical marker tocharacterize visceral endoderm formation in these cultured ICMs. The immunoperoxidase reaction on sections of ICMs cultured for intervals up to 120 h in vitro showed that someprimary endoderm cells contained AFP, but these were always in the minority. The secondary endoderm layer, on the other hand, was composed of predominantly AFP-positive cells.Itis concluded that the primary endoderm contains mainly parietal endoderm cells, while the secondary layer contains visceral endoderm cells. A model is proposed for the consecutive differentiation of parietal and visceral endoderm cell types from the ICM of mouseblastocysts.

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