scholarly journals New Priorities in the Environment Protection against Civil Aviation Influence

10.12737/1575 ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 25-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Николайкин ◽  
N. Nikolaykin
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Fuel Efficiency ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Environment Protection ◽  
Ecological Requirements ◽  
Aviation Noise ◽  
Noise Impact ◽  
Efficiency Increase

The modern directions of environment protection against aircraft influence in the light of International Civil Aviation Organization (IСAO) decisions have been analyzed. Modern priorities in this activity have been revealed, tendencies of development related to international and civil aviation, as well as evolution of ecological requirements to aircraft, civil aviation’s fuel efficiency increase directions and alternative fuels, problems of aviation noise impact on habitat have been considered.

scholarly journals Ecological Aspects of Implementing Prospective Propulsion Schemes of Short and Medium Haul Aircrafts

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Самойлов ◽  
M. Samoylov ◽  
Бурцев ◽  
S. Burtsev ◽  
Симаков ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Fuel Efficiency ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Propulsion Systems ◽  
Hybrid Propulsion ◽  
Ecological Aspects ◽  
Hybrid Power Plant ◽  
Traditional Patterns

The influence of the circuitry of the hybrid power plant short and medium haul aircraft on their fuel efficiency and environmental characteristics have been investigated. Directions of improvement of traditional patterns of power plants of aircraft on the example of PD-14 engine were analyzed. It has been shown that the use of turbojet engines and traditional schemes operating on aviation kerosene, will not allow to fulfill the demands made by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) to perspective plane 2025–2035. The analysis of the three schemes hybrid propulsion systems has been performed. It has been shown that using the presented hybrid propulsion systems of alternative fuels can reduce CO2 emissions by 19% to 20% compared with conventional turbojet engines, which run on kerosene TS-1. It has been shown that this fuel efficiency is increased by 2–3%, and the total mass of the power plant increases of 6 to 16%.

scholarly journals HYGIENIC ASPECTS OF URBAN PLANNING ON THE AERODROME ENVIRONS

2019 ◽  
pp. 46-49
Author(s):  
K.Yu. Lebedev ◽  
O.I. Kopytenkova ◽  
D.S. Vyucheiskaya ◽  
A.V. Levanchuk ◽  
T.A. Afanas’eva
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Urban Planning ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Noise Index ◽  
Aviation Noise ◽  
Noise Impact ◽  
Methodological Approaches

We considered some hygiene reasons of the 7th subzone of aerodrome environs of civil aviation airport. It has been established that there is no method to assess the acute risk to public health from exposure to noise. This makes it difficult to determine the spatial quantity of the 7th subzone of aerodrome environs rationale for noise. A differentiated approach to the zoning of the 7th subzone of aerodrome environs to ensure sanitary and epidemiological well-being of the population, as well as for the rational urban zoning is justified. Proposals for the division of the 7th subzone of aerodrome environs by the degree of noise impact are presented. We presented proposals for rationing aviation noise near airfields by day, night and daily noise index. The prospects of revision of the existing methodological approaches to establishing the size of aerodrome environs on the basis of risk are determined.

scholarly journals Exemplification case studies as a focus for the implementation of best practices related to aircraft noise management at airports

2021 ◽  
Vol 263 (4) ◽  
pp. 1999-2010
Author(s):  
Barbara Ohlenforst ◽  
N.E. Burtea ◽  
G. Heyes ◽  
S. Jeram ◽  
O. Konovalova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Best Practices ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Land Use Planning ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Aircraft Noise ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Aviation Noise ◽  
Noise Impact ◽  
Noise Management

The current study presents the analysis of seven airport exemplification case studies undertaken in the European project "Aviation Noise Impact Management through Novel Approaches - ANIMA". Best practices related to aircraft noise management at airports in individual airport contexts were implemented and evaluated. Case studies on communication and community engagement in airport noise management were investigated at Heathrow (Great Britain), Ljubljana (Slovenia) and Rotterdam The Hague (The Netherlands) airports. For Zaporizhzhia (Ukraine) and Iasi (Romania) airports, the implementation of interventions related to land use planning was examined. The interdependencies between noise and emissions were studied for Cluj (Romania) and Catania (Italy) airports. All case studies were performed under the scope of the corresponding national legislation and guidelines. Individual characteristics of airport operations were taken into account. The case studies were aligned with expectations and priorities of all involved stakeholders, such as representatives of airport operators, local communities, civil aviation authorities and policy makers. The efficacy of the noise management case studies is assessed in terms of: the capacity to negotiate consensus outcomes, the extent to which noise impact reductions were achieved; and the participants' satisfaction with the process and outcomes. Experience gained from these studies will be used to distill best practices for future intervention.

scholarly journals Comparative analysis of quality indicators of aviation kerosine, biofuels and their mixtures

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 67-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. I. Gryadunov ◽  
A. N. Kozlov ◽  
V. M. Samoylenko ◽  
Shadi Ardeshiri
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Quality Indicators ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Fuel Efficiency ◽  
Aviation Fuel ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Environmental Friendliness ◽  
Performance Properties ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Comprehensive Study

Modern trends of civil aviation development indicate the need to improve fuel efficiency and environmental friendliness of the utilized fuels. The use of conventional jet fuel is meeting to a lesser degree the promising requirements concerning environmental friendliness at a constantly rising price for it. Apart from that, oil reserves are limited. According to many experts, the solution to the growing problems with oil fuels can be application of alternative types of aviation fuel. A number of companies around the world, together with aircraft manufacturers under the significant state support, are actively developing new types of fuel. At the moment the most widespread biofuels consisting of bioethanol are obtained from various plant and animal sources. Alternative fuels should not be inferior to petroleum fuels in its operational properties. A possible transition to them should not require significant costs for the modernization of aircraft and facilities of ground aviation fuel supply. Therefore, an urgent task is to compare the main indicators of the quality of oil fuels, biofuels and their mixtures to assess the possibility of using biofuels on aircraft. A comparative analysis was carried out on some quality indicators. Afterwards the comments were given on the impact of changes of these quality indicators on the performance properties of the fuels. It is shown that according to some quality indicators, biofuels under research have the advantages over oil ones. The relevance of comprehensive study of the performance properties of biofuels is obvious. The improvement of oil fuels and their comprehensive study have been under way for more than 60 years. Biofuels are just beginning their life, so it is reasonable to conduct thorough research on their use in aviation.

CLEAN UTILIZATION OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTES AND ALTERNATIVE FUELS DERIVED FROM IT

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 202-209
Author(s):  
Alexander Topal ◽  
◽  
Iryna Holenko ◽  
Luidmyla Haponych ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Treatment ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Solid Wastes ◽  
Municipal Solid Wastes ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Ecological Requirements ◽  
Clean Technologies

For the municipal solid waste (MSW) to be used in a proper way, it is necessary to implement clean technologies capable of thermal treatment of MSW and RDF in order to produce heat and electricity while meeting current ecological requirements. Nowadays, a number of technologies for MSW/RDF thermal treating are being used worldwide. Among them, the most proven technologies, applicable for industrial introduction, have been considered while analyzing their advantages/ disadvantages accounting for local conditions of Ukraine.

Assessment of Solar Steam Injection in Gas Turbines

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Kalathakis ◽  
N. Aretakis ◽  
I. Roumeliotis ◽  
A. Alexiou ◽  
K. Mathioudakis
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Fuel Efficiency ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Steam Injection ◽  
Power Production ◽  
Engine Operation ◽  
Efficiency Increase ◽  
Solar Receiver ◽  
Steam Production

The concept of solar steam production for injection in a gas turbine combustion chamber is studied for both nominal and part load engine operation. First, a 5MW single shaft engine is considered which is then retrofitted for solar steam injection using either a tower receiver or a parabolic troughs scheme. Next, solar thermal power is used to augment steam production of an already steam injected single shaft engine without any modification of the existing HRSG by placing the solar receiver/evaporator in parallel with the conventional one. For the case examined in this paper, solar steam injection results to an increase of annual power production (∼15%) and annual fuel efficiency (∼6%) compared to the fuel-only engine. It is also shown that the tower receiver scheme has a more stable behavior throughout the year compared to the troughs scheme that has better performance at summer than at winter. In the case of doubling the steam-to-air ratio of an already steam injected gas turbine through the use of a solar evaporator, annual power production and fuel efficiency increase by 5% and 2% respectively.

CAEP/9-agreed certification requirement for the Aeroplane CO2Emissions Standard: a comment on ICAO Cir 337

2016 ◽  
Vol 120 (1226) ◽  
pp. 693-723 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.E. Green ◽  
J.A. Jupp
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Efficiency ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Aircraft Emissions ◽  
Current Form ◽  
Fuel Burn ◽  
Aircraft Fuel ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Range Equation ◽  
Main Criticism

ABSTRACTThe International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) Circular Cir 337 is the first step towards ICAO establishing an Aeroplane CO2Emissions Standard to form part of Annex 16, Volume III to the Chicago Convention. It describes itself as ‘a work in progress’. This paper reviews Cir 337 against the background of flight physics, the published literature on aircraft fuel burn and CO2emissions and the current practices of the aircraft and engine manufacturers and the airline operators. We have taken, as our starting point, the aim of ICAO to reduce the fuel used per revenue tonne-kilometre performed and argue that the Breguet range equation, which captures all the relevant flight physics, should be the basis of the metric system underpinning the standard. Our overall conclusion is that Cir 337 provides an excellent basis for the initial regulation of aviation's CO2emissions and, further in the future, for developing measures to increase the fuel efficiency of the operational side of civil aviation. Our main criticism of the circular in its current form is that it does not address the ICAO goal of reducingfuel used per revenue tonne-kilometre performedand makes no reference to payload. This defect could be eliminated simply by omission of the exponent 0.24 of the Reference Geometric Factor (RGF) in the formula for the metric given in Chapter 2 (paragraph 2.2) of the circular. Retaining theRGFto the power unity in the metric and multiplying it by an appropriate value of the effective floor loading would convert it to what the 37thAssembly of ICAO called for – a statement of fuel used per revenue tonne-kilometre performed. Finally, correlating the amended metric against design range, as determined from the measured specific air range and the key certificated masses, provides a sound scientific basis for an initial regulation to cap passenger aircraft emissions.

scholarly journals Modelling of the Impact of National Standardization on Duopolistic Competition in the Civil Aircraft Market

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 859-873
Author(s):  
E. V. Varyukhina ◽  
◽  
V. V. Klochkov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Market Competition ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Aviation Industry ◽  
Equilibrium Degree ◽  
Aviation Noise ◽  
Market Shares ◽  
Civil Aircraft ◽  
Zero Sum ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of this study is to analyze standards as one of the main tools of protectionism in global markets of industrial goods. We use standards for modeling of market competition and adapt this approach for civil aviation markets. The role of local noise standards in civil aircraft markets is discussed. Imposition of more stringent aviation noise standards is modelled in the form of a two-person non-zero-sum game. Players are aircraft corporations that conduct research and development to reduce noise and lobby for stricter regulations in their controlled markets. The model can be used to predict that tighter aviation noise standards will be imposed and to justify the strategy of Russian aviation industry and science. The proposed approach can be adapted for other industries with strict regulations (in terms of safety, ecology). Such estimation allows us to assess whether it is in the country’s interests to participate in the standards race or not. It is shown that the equilibrium degree of standards tightening is higher if the players’ market shares are close to equal or individual players have advantages in the cost of production and/or product improvement is highly likely due to the company’s R&D progress.

Estimating the Equity Effects of Adding Additional Parameters to a Mileage-Based Road Usage Charge for Seven States

2019 ◽  
Vol 2673 (10) ◽  
pp. 547-557
Author(s):  
Kyle A. Schroeckenthaler ◽  
Stephen S. Fitzroy
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Fuel Efficiency ◽  
Fuel Type ◽  
Excise Tax ◽  
Flat Rate ◽  
Gas Tax ◽  
Driving Behaviors ◽  
A Charge ◽  
Equity Effects ◽  
Over Time

This paper explores the feasibility and sensitivity of a mileage-based road usage charge (RUC) as an alternative to the gas tax. The specific purpose is to evaluate factors that could be considered when setting a charge to account for the complex makeup of statewide motor fleets, and to consider the diversity of household driving behaviors and experiences. The researchers considered a range of potential parameters before choosing to focus on fuel type and fuel efficiency. If based on annually adjusted efficiency quantiles, a parameterized RUC could prevent revenue erosion over time. Formulas based on these parameters were compared with the current fuel excise tax and a flat RUC. Distributional effects of parameters were assessed for urban, mixed, and rural household categories, and for vehicles of different fuel types. Results show that households in urban tracts tend to pay slightly more under all formulations, and households in mixed and rural tracts pay less compared with an excise-based gas tax. In addition to changes across regions of a state, the method allows examination of the groups within these categories. Research found that adjusting for fuel efficiency reduced the change in incidence between urban, mixed, and rural census tracts, and between fuel types, that results from moving to a flat RUC. Fuel type parameters resulted in only small differences from the flat rate RUC because of low alternative fuel penetration in most states. This may change over time depending on the rate of integration of alternative fuels into the passenger car fleet.

Designing a Composite Material for Use in Brake Applications

2005 ◽  
Vol 475-479 ◽  
pp. 1109-1112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason Lo
Keyword(s):  
Cast Iron ◽  
Fuel Efficiency ◽  
Temperature Property ◽  
Major Drawback ◽  
Aluminum Composite ◽  
Efficiency Increase ◽  
Brake Application ◽  
Noise Vibration ◽  
Brake Rotors ◽  
Automotive Brake

Traditionally, automotive brake rotors are made with cast iron. Besides having economical advantage, cast iron rotor provides many disadvantages due to its weight, such as reduction in fuel efficiency, increase in green house gas emission, and increase in noise, vibration and hardness. With the development of commercial aluminum composites, composite brake rotors are now manufactured. However, the present commercial composite materials are not specifically made for brake application and there are drawbacks. A major drawback is their poor elevated temperature property. In this paper, the unique properties offered by an aluminum composite for brake application is addressed, and an approach to compensate its properties for brake application is highlighted.

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