scholarly journals Polisemia i synonimia w rekonstrukcji językowego obrazu ostu w polskiej tradycji ludowej

LingVaria ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (28) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Prorok
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Milk Thistle ◽  
Beliefs And Practices ◽  
Common Category ◽  
Consistent Group ◽  
Basic Image ◽  
The Common ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Mental Objects ◽  
The Devil

Polysemy and Synonymy in the Reconstruction of the Linguistic Image of Thistle in Polish Folklore In the first part of the article, the author attempts to determine which plant should be described in the entry OSET (‘thistle’) in Słownik stereotypów i symboli ludowych (‘A Dictionary of Folk Stereotypes and Symbols’), as the name oset is polysemic in Polish dialects and can refer not only to thistle (Carduus), but also to other similar plants with prickly leaves/stems and roundish red, purple or pink flowers, most often to cirsium (Cirsium), less often to cottonthistle (Onopordon) or milk thistle (Silybum). Villagers either identify these plants with each other, or distinguish them from each other, but nevertheless count them together in the common ‘category of thistles’. Hence the proposal that all the above mentioned ‘thistles’ should be included in the entry for OSET. The method of defining adopted in the Dictionary…, so-called cognitive definition, allows for it as its purpose is to reconstruct the colloquial, ‘stereotypical’ way of conceptualizing reality; it describes ‘mental objects’, ‘social notions of objects’ – not, as typically in dictionary definitions, words or the real-world objects that correspond to them. In the second part of the article, the author analyses synonyms and hyponyms of all of the ‘thistles’ that have been selected for description. Although from a scientific point of view some of them are only quasi-synonyms, they form a semantically consistent group, and are worth being included in the definition of OSET, because they strengthen or profile the basic image of OSET that has been reconstructed on the basis of other sources (proverbs, songs, tales, legends, descriptions of beliefs and practices, etc.). For example, bodziak (lit. ‘one that gores’), drapacz (lit. ‘one that scratches’) talk about thistle as a sharp, prickly plant; kolkowe ziele (lit. ‘colic herb’) – a plant believed to heal stabbing pains; diabelski oset (lit. ‘devil’s thistle’), diabelskie nasienie (lit. ‘devil’s seed’) – a plant perceived as devilish; czartopłoch (lit. ‘one that scares the devil away’) – an apotropaic plant, etc.

Homology Operations Revisited

1982 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 700-717 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Fiedorowicz ◽  
J. P. May
Keyword(s):  
Loop Space ◽  
Input Data ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Space Theory ◽  
Common Generalization ◽  
Homology Operations ◽  
Direct Definition ◽  
The Common ◽  
Infinite Loop ◽  
Definition Of

There are two principal kinds of input data for infinite loop space theory, namelyE∞spaces à la Boardman-Vogt [3] and May [7] and Γ-spaces à la Segal [14]. May and Thomason [13] introduced a common generalization and used it to prove the equivalence of the output obtained from these two kinds of input.This suggests that any invariants of one kind of input should have analogs for the other. Homology operations are among the most basic invariants ofE∞spaces, and we here establish the analogous invariants for Γ-spaces. The definition is transparently obvious from the point of view of the common generalization but is at first sight rather surprising and unnatural from the point of view of Γ-spaces alone. Probably for this reason, there is no hint of the possibility of a direct definition of homology operations for Γ-spaces in the literature.

scholarly journals Proposal of Methodology for Technical Inspection and Rehabilitation Intervention for Multi-family Building of the 60’s in Portugal

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inês Marcelino ◽  
João Lanzinha
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Thermal Regulation ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Existing Buildings ◽  
Technical Inspection ◽  
The Common ◽  
Family Building ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Definition Of

The rehabilitation of old buildings has been increasing over the last few years due to the lack of maintenance and there is an advanced degradation of the Portuguese built park. This sector of the civil construction has as objective the full reutilization of the existing buildings maintaining its identity. Since Portugal has a large percentage of buildings where it is possible to identify constructive times that accompanied the implementation of different trends and technological evolutions, defining differentiated strategies for intervention. The 1960s deserve some prominence in Portugal because it is composed of a significant set of buildings with reticulated structure in reinforced concrete and without concerns from the point of view of thermal behaviour, which are now inhabited mainly by elderly people, often residing alone. The following work aims to present a methodology proposal and apply it to a case study. The proposed methodology includes the detailed inspection of a building from the 60s in Covilhã, the consultation of residents and the definition of intervention proposals based on the main nonconformities detected. In the first stage, a detailed analysis of the existing situation is proposed, which includes a technical inspection report on the common parts and the different fractions of the building and a survey of residents in order to know their opinions and expectations regarding the work to be carried out. In the second phase we propose a set of measurements, the realization thermograms and the thermal analysis of the different habitable fractions of the building based on the current thermal regulation. After analysing all the data collected, the intervention proposals are defined according to the needs of the building and the residents, in a phased way and with the aim of creating better accessibility, comfort and use conditions.

scholarly journals Infernal discourse of prose by Leonid Andreev

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Significant Part ◽  
Late Work ◽  
Judas Iscariot ◽  
The Third ◽  
Rapid Pace ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Devil

Despite the fact that since the middle of the last century, Andrei has been developing at a rapid pace, many facets of the writer’s work remain «in the background». To a sufficient extent this is also characteristic of the coverage of Andreev’s demonology. Infernal character – a figure of supernatural origin, personifying evil, destructive principle, the term «infernal» is used along with the definition of «demonic». A significant part of the prose work of L. Andreev can be considered as a kind of original «devil» («hoffmaniad»). These are works on the temptation of the «superhuman» («devilish») reason of man («The Story of Sergey Petrovich» (1900), «Thought» (1902), «Darkness» (1907), «My Notes» (1908), etc. ) and works on the themes of the devil («Something about the Devils» (1901), «About the Writer» (1902), «Peace» (1911), «Rules of Good» (1912), «Diary of Satan» (1919)). Some of them are narratives, as if narrated by the devil («It Was» (1905), «Ben-Tovit» (1905), «Eleazar» (1906), «Judas Iscariot» (1907), «Witness of Truth» («Miraculous Image») (1915) and others); others are stories in which the devil himself is a protagonist («Peace» (1911), «Rules of Good» (1912), «Damn at a Wedding» (1915), «Diary of Satan» (1919), etc.); the third – in which human heroes, combining the «superman» and «devil» and non-infernal in origin, take the place of carriers of destructiveness, i.e. – infernal heroes (Ivan Koprov – «The Life of Vasily Thebes» (1903), «grandfather» – «My Notes» (1908), Norden – «He (The Story of the Unknown)» (1913), Thomas Magnus – «The Diary of Satan» (1919 )). In the late work of the writer, the Andreev infernal theme undergoes a significant transformation. If at the beginning of creativity it was a devil testing a person, then in the future the writer’s imagination occupied the paradoxically ridiculous image of a devil who wants to do good. Throughout the career of L. Andreev, in his prose, ironic demonological discourse continued to function, which is of great importance and plays an important role in understanding the entire work of the writer as a whole. He allowed L. Andreev to pose the «damned questions» of human life, comprehending them from an anti-didactic point of view, as well as resist the latest ideas of Nietzscheanism, positivism and God-seeking, so widespread at the beginning of the twentieth century.

Understanding functional illiteracy from a policy, adult education, and cognition point of view: Towards a joint referent framework

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-122
Author(s):  
Aleksandar Bulajić ◽  
Miomir Despotović ◽  
Thomas Lachmann
Keyword(s):  
Adult Education ◽  
Operational Definition ◽  
Literacy Skills ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
Functional Illiteracy ◽  
Scale Levels ◽  
Components Of Reading ◽  
The One ◽  
Definition Of

Abstract. The article discusses the emergence of a functional literacy construct and the rediscovery of illiteracy in industrialized countries during the second half of the 20th century. It offers a short explanation of how the construct evolved over time. In addition, it explores how functional (il)literacy is conceived differently by research discourses of cognitive and neural studies, on the one hand, and by prescriptive and normative international policy documents and adult education, on the other hand. Furthermore, it analyses how literacy skills surveys such as the Level One Study (leo.) or the PIAAC may help to bridge the gap between cognitive and more practical and educational approaches to literacy, the goal being to place the functional illiteracy (FI) construct within its existing scale levels. It also sheds more light on the way in which FI can be perceived in terms of different cognitive processes and underlying components of reading. By building on the previous work of other authors and previous definitions, the article brings together different views of FI and offers a perspective for a needed operational definition of the concept, which would be an appropriate reference point for future educational, political, and scientific utilization.

Dosimetry and optimization in digital radiography based on the contrast-detail resolution

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilson Otto Gomes Batista ◽  
Alexandre Gomes De Carvalho
Keyword(s):  
Image Quality ◽  
Inverse Image ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Complete Analysis ◽  
Portable Devices ◽  
Evaluation Tool ◽  
Air Kerma ◽  
Direct Radiography ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Entrance Surface Air Kerma

Contrast-detail (C-D) curves are useful in evaluating the radiographic image quality in a global way. The objective of the present study was to obtain the C-D curves and the inverse image quality figure. Both of these parameters were used as an evaluation tool for abdominal and chest imaging protocols. The C-D curves were obtained with the phantom CDRAD 2.0 in computerized radiography and the direct radiography systems (including portable devices). The protocols were 90 and 102 kV in the range of 2 to 20 mAs for the chest and 80 kV in the range of 10 to 80 mAs for the abdomen. The incident air kerma values were evaluated with a solid state sensor. The analysis of these C-D curves help to identify which technique would allow a lower value of the entrance surface air kerma, Ke, while maintaining the image quality from the point of view of C-D detectability. The results showed that the inverse image quality figure, IQFinv, varied little throughout the range of mAs, while the value of Ke varied linearly directly with the mAs values. Also, the complete analysis of the curves indicated that there was an increase in the definition of the details with increasing mAs. It can be concluded that, in the transition phase for the use of the new receptors, it is necessary to evaluate and adjust the practised protocols to ensure, at a minimum, the same levels of the image quality, taking into account the aspects of the radiation protection of the patient.

DIRECTIONS OF ASSOCIATIVE IDENTIFICATION OF PERSONAL NAMES

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (28) ◽  
pp. 118-128
Author(s):  
Olena Karpenko ◽  
Tetiana Stoianova
Keyword(s):  
Proper Names ◽  
Mental Lexicon ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Sound Symbolism ◽  
Personal Names ◽  
Communicative Process ◽  
Proper Name ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Scientific Value ◽  
The Brain

The article is devoted to the study of personal names from a cognitive point of view. The study is based on the cognitive concept that speech actually exists not in the speech, not in linguistic writings and dictionaries, but in consciousness, in the mental lexicon, in the language of the brain. The conditions for identifying personal names can encompass not only the context, encyclopedias, and reference books, but also the sound form of the word. In the communicative process, during a free associative experiment, which included a name and a recipient’s mental lexicon. The recipient was assigned a task to quickly give some association to the name. The aggregate of a certain number of reactions of different recipients forms the associative field of a proper name. The associative experiment creates the best conditions for identifying the lexeme. The definition of a monosemantic personal name primarily includes the search of what it denotes, while during the process of identifying a polysemantic personal name recipients tend have different reactions. Scientific value is posed by the effect of the choice of letters for the name, sound symbolism, etc. The following belong to the generalized forms of identification: usage of a hyperonym; synonyms and periphrases or simple descriptions; associations denoting the whole (name stimulus) by reference to its part (associatives); cognitive structures such as “stimulus — association” and “whole (stimulus) — part (associative)”; lack of adjacency; mysterious associations. The topicality of the study is determined by its perspective to identify the directions of associative identification of proper names, which is one of the branches of cognitive onomastics. The purpose of the study is to identify, review, and highlight the directions of associative identification of proper names; the object of the research is the names in their entirety and variety; its subject is the existence of names in the mental lexicon, which determines the need for singling out the directions for the associative identification of the personal names.

DEFINITION OF THE PUBLIC SECURITY AND ORDERLINESS ENSURING MECHANISM IN UKRAINE

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (11) ◽  
pp. 155-163
Author(s):  
Marina Aleksandrovna Kalievskaya
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Development Strategy ◽  
State Policy ◽  
The State ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Public Security ◽  
National Priority ◽  
Institu Tions ◽  
Protection Of Human Rights ◽  
Definition Of

In this article, a model of the mechanism of ensuring public security and orderliness in accordance with the principles and tasks of the relevant institu- tions in public administration, taking into account resources, technologies, mea- sures for the state policy implementation in the spheres of ensuring the protection of human rights and freedoms, the interests of society and the state, combating crime, maintaining public security and order. It was found that ensuring public security and order in Ukraine is a mechanism for the implementation of national goals of state policy in the areas of ensuring the protection of human rights and freedoms, the interests of society and the state, combating crime, maintaining public security and order, by defining tasks according to certain principles. The idea is that if one considers the state policy in the spheres of ensuring the protec- tion of human rights and freedoms, the interests of society and the state, combat- ing crime, maintaining public security and order as a national priority (purpose, task), then the mechanism of ensuring public security and order in Ukraine needs coordination with the state development strategy. From the point of view of the implementation of the state policy in the areas of ensuring the protection of hu- man rights and freedoms, the interests of society and the state, combating crime, maintaining public security and order, the mechanism of ensuring public security and order in Ukraine can be considered as the main system providing intercon- nection such elements as institutions (implementing the specified state policy), resources (human resources, logistical, natural and so on, with the help of which it is possible to implement state policy), technologies (skills, knowledge, means and so on the implementation of state policy), measures (action plans), as well as external (internal) threats.

О вопросах фольклоризма в письменной литературе

2019 ◽  
pp. 31-33
Author(s):  
Суусар Искендерова
Keyword(s):  
Modern Science ◽  
Folk Songs ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Past ◽  
Scientific Term ◽  
Literature Culture ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Relationship

Аннотация: Исследование проблемы фольклоризма является наиболее актуальной в современной науке о фольклоре. На разных этапах развития художественной литературы для формирования индивидуального творчества писателя особенно значимым становятся фольклорные жанры, сюжетные мотивы и художественные средства. В статье рассматривается связь письменной литературы и фольклора, особенно точка зрения проблеме фольклоризма в прошлом и их анализ. Термин «фольклоризм» начал использоваться советскими исследователями учеными как научный термин еще в 1930-х гг. Термин «фольклоризм» используется в различных сферах культуры, а в этой статье мы будем рассматривать в литературе. Несмотря на то, что на протяжении многих лет этот вопрос изучается литературоведами, фольклористами, все -таки нет единого теоретического определения понятия. Ключевые слова: фольклор, фольклоризм, литература, культура, письменная литература, художественная литература, оседлый народ, пословицы и поговорки, фольклорные песни. Аннотация: Көркөм адабияттын өнүгүүсүнүн ар кайсы баскычтарында сүрөткердин жеке чыгармачылыгынын калыптанышы үчүн фольклордук жанрлар, сюжеттер, мотивдер жана көркөм каражаттар айрыкча мааниге ээ. Макалада жазма адабият менен фольклордук карым-катышы, айрыкча фольклоризм маселеси жөнүндө мурдагы көз караштарга кайрылып, аларга талдоо жүргүзүү менен бирге автор өз байкоолорунда келтирет. “Фольклоризм” деген илимий термин 1930-жылы баштап колдонула баштаган. “Фольклоризм” термини маданияттын түрдүү сфераларында кеңири колдо- нулат, бул жерде адабияттагы колдонулушун каралат. Макалада адабий материал менен фольклордук байланышын терең түшүнүү үчүн адабий фольклоризм маселесинин талаштуу жактары каралат. Түйүндүү сөздөр: фольклор, фольклоризм, адабият, маданият, жазма адабият, көркөм адабият, көчмөн калк, макал-лакап, фольклордук ырлар. Annotation: The study of the problem of folklore is the most relevant in the modern science of folklore. At various stages in the development of fiction, folklore genres, plot motifs, and artistic means become especially significant for the formation of the writer's individual creativity. The article examines the relationship between written literature and folklore, especially the point of view of the problem of folklorism in the past and their analysis. The term "folklorism" began to be used by Soviet scholars as a scientific term back in the 1930s. The term "folklorism" is used in various fields of culture, and in this article we will consider in the literature. Despite the fact that for many years this issue has been studied by literary scholars, folklorists, all the same there is no single theoretical definition of the concept. Keywords: folklore, folklorism, literature, culture, written literature, fiction, settled people, proverbs and sayings, folk songs.

SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENT FEATURES OF HAND GESTURES IN AMERICAN AND KYRGYZ CULTURES

2019 ◽  
pp. 19-22
Author(s):  
Avtandil kyzy Ya
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Main Part ◽  
Body Language ◽  
Hand Gestures ◽  
Common Definition ◽  
The World ◽  
The Common ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Different Cultures

Abstract: This paper highlights similarities and different features of the category of kinesics “hand gestures”, its frequency usage and acceptance by different individuals in two different cultures. This study shows its similarities, differences and importance of the gestures, for people in both cultures. Consequently, kinesics study was mentioned as a main part of body language. As indicated in the article, the study kinesics was not presented in the Kyrgyz culture well enough, though Kyrgyz people use hand gestures a lot in their everyday life. The research paper begins with the common definition of hand gestures as a part of body language, several handshake categories like: the finger squeeze, the limp fish, the two-handed handshake were explained by several statements in the English and Kyrgyz languages. Furthermore, this article includes definitions and some idioms containing hand, shake, squeeze according to the Oxford and Academic Dictionary to show readers the figurative meanings of these common words. The current study was based on the books of writers Allan and Barbara Pease “The definite book of body language” 2004, Romana Lefevre “Rude hand gestures of the world”2011 etc. Key words: kinesics, body language, gestures, acoustics, applause, paralanguage, non-verbal communication, finger squeeze, perceptions, facial expressions. Аннотация. Бул макалада вербалдык эмес сүйлѳшүүнүн бѳлүгү болуп эсептелген “колдордун жандоо кыймылы”, алардын эки башка маданиятта колдонулушу, айырмачылыгы жана окшош жактары каралган. Макаланын максаты болуп “колдордун жандоо кыймылынын” мааниси, айырмасы жана эки маданиятта колдонулушу эсептелет. Ошону менен бирге, вербалдык эмес сүйлѳшүүнүн бѳлүгү болуп эсептелген “кинесика” илими каралган. Берилген макалада кѳрсѳтүлгѳндѳй, “кинесика” илими кыргыз маданиятында толугу менен изилденген эмес, ошого карабастан “кинесика” илиминин бѳлүгү болуп эсептелген “колдордун жандоо кыймылы” кыргыз элинин маданиятында кѳп колдонулат. Андан тышкары, “колдордун жандоо кыймылынын” бир нече түрү, англис жана кыргыз тилдеринде ма- селен аркылуу берилген.Тѳмѳнкү изилдѳѳ ишин жазууда чет элдик жазуучулардын эмгектери колдонулду. Түйүндүү сѳздѳр: кинесика, жандоо кыймылы, акустика,кол чабуулар, паралингвистика, вербалдык эмес баарлашуу,кол кысуу,кабыл алуу сезими. Аннотация. В данной статье рассматриваются сходства и различия “жестикуляции” и частота ее использования, в американской и кыргызской культурах. Следовательно, здесь было упомянуто понятие “кинесика” как основная часть языка тела. Как указано в статье, “кинесика” не была представлена в кыргызской культуре достаточно хорошо, хотя кыргызский народ часто использует жестикуляцию в повседневной жизни. Исследовательская работа начинается с общего определения “жестикуляции” как части языка тела и несколько категорий жестикуляции, таких как: сжатие пальца, слабое рукопожатие, рукопожатие двумя руками, были объяснены несколькими примерами на английском и кыргызском языках. Кроме того, эта статья включает определения слов “рука”, “рукопожатие”, “сжатие” и некоторые идиомы, содержащие данных слов согласно Оксфордскому и Академическому словарю, чтобы показать читателям их образное значение. Данное исследование было основано на книгах писателей Аллана и Барбары Пиз «Определенная книга языка тела» 2004 года, Романа Лефевра «Грубые жестикуляции мира» 2011 года и т.д. Ключевые слова: кинесика, язык жестов, жесты, акустика, аплодисменты, паралингвистика, невербальная коммуникация, сжатие пальца, чувство восприятия, выражение лиц.

On the Problems of Acts Qualification as Violations of Antimonopoly Legislation in Administrative and Judicial Practice

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 62-69
Author(s):  
К. А. Pisenkо ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Judicial Practice ◽  
Illegal Acts ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Definition Of

The article is devoted to defining the main approaches to classifying acts as violations of аntimonopoly legislation. On administrative and judicial practice discusses current issues and problems of definition of illegal acts, both from the point of view of antimonopoly regulation, and the delineation of antimonopoly violations and violations of other mandatory requirements established by the legislation of the Russian Federation.

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