Portraits and Poses

The complex relation between gender and the representation of intellectual authority has deep roots in European history. Portraits and Poses adopts a historical approach to shed new light on this topical subject. It addresses various modes and strategies by which learned women (authors, scientists, jurists, midwifes, painters, and others) sought to negotiate and legitimise their authority at the dawn of modern science in Early Modern and Enlightenment Europe (1600–1800). This volume explores the transnational dimensions of intellectual networks in France, Italy, Britain, the German states and the Low Countries. Drawing on a wide range of case studies from different spheres of professionalisation, it examines both individual and collective constructions of female intellectual authority through word and image. In its innovative combination of an interdisciplinary and transnational approach, this volume contributes to the growing literature on women and intellectual authority in the Early Modern Era and outlines contours for future research.

Plant Biology Experimental Courses in Universities: Status Quo, Limitations and Prospects

Plant biology, as a significant compulsory course for biological science students, is intuitive and practical, which plays a unique role in improving students' comprehensive quality and cultivating their innovation ability. Because of its strong practical characteristics, the experimental course is of great necessity in the study of this course. This paper analyzes the traditional teaching mode of plant biology experiment, as well as its shortcomings in modern teaching, and puts forward diversified reform methods based on the development of contemporary plant biology to promote the teaching mode of plant biology experiment to meet the needs of contemporary students on this subject. Based on the rapid development of modern science and technology, this paper includes the teaching contents, teaching methods, and assessment system of plant biology experiments, and discusses them respectively. This paper aims to improve the teaching efficiency of modern plant biology experiments and help to achieve the goal of efficiently improving students' innovation and scientific research ability.

Herbal Medicine for the Treatmentof Viral Infections: A Systemic Review

The term “Antiviral agents” has been defined in very wide terms as substances other than a virus or virus containing vaccine or specific antibody which can build either a protective or therapeutic effect to the direct measurable advantage of the virus infected host. Viruses are simple in form which are very tiny germs. They comprise of genetic material inside of a protein coating. Viruses cause amicable infectious diseases like common cold, flu and warts. They also cause severe diseases such as HIV/AIDS, Ebola, avian influenzas, dengue virus and COVID-19. Viral diseases are very complex and are easily spread. Herbs and herbal medicines were the foremost in treating infections from centuries over the world in every civilization. Modern science has narrowed the importance of herbal medicine in the past two centuries. But, the side effects and new varieties of diseases creating challenges to modern science. So, usage of herbal medicines is again attaining interests these days. Herbal products for different treatments have achieved a lot of popularity in the last couple of decades. Thus, discovering novel antiviral drugs is of extremely important and natural products are an excellent source for such discoveries. There are many herbs which are excellent sources for the antiviral properties to treat viral infections. This review provides the verified data on the herbal substances with antiviral activity, and some of the herbal marketed antiviral agents like CORONIL TABLETS from Patanjali and different companies had made an attempt to treat viral infections in this pandemic situation. Therefore, herbal plants proved to be a major resort for the treatment of diseases and sickness by traditional healers in many societies.

Quadruple Term Gestation of Quadri-Chorionic Quadri-Amniotic Pregnancy After Artificial Insemination: A Case Report

Background: To solve infertility, modern science has promoted assisted reproduction techniques such as in vitro fertilization, ovulation induction, and artificial insemination. Quadruple-type multiple pregnancies occur in 1 of every 500,000 pregnancies, and it is estimated that 90% occur due to assisted reproductive techniques, which often lead to numerous complications. Case presentation: Here we present a case of a 33-year-old woman, who desired pregnancy, but had a history of primary infertility diagnosed by hysterosalpingography, and endometriosis, which was treated by fulguration and medical management. Concomitantly, the patient was anovulatory. To fulfill her wish, she underwent homologous artificial insemination, after treatment, she successfully conceived quadri-chorionic quadri-amniotic infants, who were born at 37.2 weeks, without perinatal or maternal complications.Conclusion: This paper presented the parameters of prenatal care, appropriate management approach, and successful resolution without maternal-fetal complications despite the inherent risks of this type of pregnancy.

Differential Analysis of Volumetric Strain Method Characterization in the Context of Phase Change of Water in Carbonate Rocks

Modernized technological processes or increasing demands on building materials force the scientific community to analyze in more detail the suitability of individual raw materials and deposits. New or modernized research methodologies make it possible to better understand not only the geometrical structure of the pore space of materials but also the processes taking place in them and the interaction of many factors at the same time. Despite the extensive literature in the field of research on capillary-porous materials, scientists still face many challenges because not everything is known. Carbonate rocks are the most common (one-tenth of Earth’s crust) sedimentary rocks. Analysis of the test results obtained with the use of the modernized differentia analysis of volumetric strain (DAVS) methodology allows for a better adjustment of rock deposits to the products that can be produced from them. In this manner, it is possible that it will contribute to a more rational use of exhaustible rock deposits and not only carbonate ones. This research subject is of great importance for modern science, which was also noted in many of science publications.

Hierarchies and Universal Inclusion in Scientific Communities

This chapter explains the genesis of inequalities and hierarchies in modern science. It studies the forms and mechanisms of scientific communication on the basis of which the social structures of science are built: publications, authorship, co- and multiple authorship, citations as units of information and as social rewards, peer review as evaluation of publications (and of projects and careers). This is a network of institutions that seems to guarantee universal access to participation in science to all those who fulfill basic conditions. But the chapter demonstrates how in all these institutional dimensions differences arise between successful and not equally successful participations. Success generates influence and social attractiveness (e.g. as a co-author). Influential and attractive participants are recruited into positions where they assess the achievements of others and thereby limit and control inclusion in publications, funding and careers. Equality at the start is transformed into hierarchies of control. Finally, the chapter asks for potential alternative control structures that transform a conservative hierarchy into decentralized ‘market’ controls that involve everyone in a more dynamic production and evaluation of scientific achievements.

Exploration of Artificial Intelligence Security in Multi Unmanned System Cooperation

In modern science and technology, artificial intelligence has become one of the most important and promising technologies in today’s society and plays a very important role in people’s life. In artificial intelligence, cooperation is a very important research direction, which includes the cooperation between sensors, coordinated man-machine interface and actuators on multiple UAVs. Therefore, based on the exploration of artificial intelligence security, this paper studies artificial intelligence in multi unmanned system cooperation. Firstly, this paper expounds the development of cooperative system, and then describes the purpose of multi unmanned system cooperation. Then, this paper studies the intelligent algorithm applied to the cooperation of multiple unmanned systems in the field of artificial intelligence. Finally, aiming at the existing security problems of artificial intelligence, this paper tests the functions of multiple unmanned systems. The test results show that when multiple unmanned systems work together, the accuracy of artificial intelligence in dealing with things is basically more than 90%. At the same time, it can be nearly 100% scientific, and can budget a variety of treatment schemes. This shows that in the multi unmanned system cooperation, artificial intelligence can almost meet its needs, but it still needs to be further improved.

High Temperature Continuous Gas Purification and Graphitization System and Process for Carbon Particulate Materials

With the continuous development of modern science and technology, more and more new materials have been applied to production and life. As a new material, carbon granular material is made of carbon, graphite materials and other various raw materials with high carbon content through a series of processing technologies. China is one of the most widely used carbon materials in the world. The purpose of this paper is to optimize and enhance the application effect of carbon materials and promote the construction of a new economic model of energy conservation and emission reduction in China. The specific research is as follows:

Can Science be a Political Agent without a Race for Power?

The article is an attempt to answer the question on the political subjectivity of modern science. It is hardly possible to speak of the specific political subjectivity of science and scientists as a conscious participation in the struggle for power. First, the race for power itself is not a major purpose for them: scientists concentrate on studying the world and creating new technologies. Second, even if they participate in such a race, they are not different from other social groups which protect their interests in political process. Changing the point of view on the political subjectivity of science enables to see its specific position in the space of the political. During discipline power and biopower formation and governmentality development, science became a basic element of public administration and politics. It forms the ideas of the objects managed, possible ways of interaction with them and creates the space of the political and management decisions implemented. In this case, social sciences and humanities obtain special political subjectivity. This also applies in a specific way to natural science and technical sciences. New scientific theories and technological solutions become representatives of non-human actors in the human world. They result in changing our ideas on “Nature”, a “scene” for history and political actions. The emergence of new non-human actors can cause the technological revolution which can influence the ways of political action implementation and provide new opportunities to execute political projects. This is an important element of the political subjectivity of science.