The Keys of the Kingdom

2021 ◽  
pp. 54-72
Author(s):  
David Dickson
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
Financial Services ◽  
Culturally Diverse ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Port Cities ◽  
Wholesale Trade ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Atlantic ◽  
The Government

This chapter highlights Bishop Berkeley's 'keys of the kingdom', in which he argued that the seaports of the south and east were lynchpins in an economy that had become highly export dependent. It notes that they were the conduits through which trade passed, where goods were assembled, processed and despatched, and where financial services were available. And 'merchants' did indeed possess the keys. The chapter examines the classic era of the merchant, the sedentary négotiant who dominated the business and usually the government of port cities, who dealt in a variety of import/export lines of trade with overseas correspondents, and who settled accounts by means of an internationally accepted set of protocols governing the use of bills of exchange across western Europe and the North Atlantic. It also describes the Irish merchant communities in Sligo, Galway, and Dublin who were overwhelmingly male and culturally diverse. Finally, the chapter assesses the Catholic merchants' pre-eminent position in this wholesale trade after the enormous setbacks of the seventeenth century.

The North Atlantic World in the Seventeenth Century

1976 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 375
Author(s):  
Louis B. Wright ◽  
K. G. Davies
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
Atlantic World ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Atlantic

A connected history of political economy in Asia and Europe, ca 1750–1914

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
Alessandro Stanziani
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Economic Thought ◽  
The North ◽  
History Of ◽  
The North Atlantic ◽  
History Of Political Economy ◽  
Political Economic

The history of political-economic thought has been built up over the centuries with a uniform focus on European and North American thinkers. Intellectuals beyond the North Atlantic have been largely understood as the passive recipients of already formed economic categories and arguments. This view has often been accepted not only by scholars and observers in Europe but also in many other places such as Russia, India, China, Japan, and the Ottoman Empire. In this regard, the articles included in this collection explicitly differentiate from this diffusionist approach (“born in Western Europe, then flowed everywhere else”).

Allied High Commission for Germany

1951 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 226-227
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
The North ◽  
Emergency Power ◽  
Western Germany ◽  
The North Atlantic ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Industrial Economic

During October and November, 1950, press reports indicated that the Allied High Commission for Germany was primarily concerned with the implementation of the three-power agreement on Germany reached in New York on September 19, 1950. Although all of the proposals relating to the creation of mobile police formations and the integration of German forces into those of western Europe were stalled pending agreement between the members of the North Atlantic Council as to the nature and size of such German forces, reports indicated that consideration of various proposals to amend the occupation statute were going forward. While no details were revealed, the Chancellor of western Germany (Adenauer) indicated that one suggestion had been that the easing of allied industrial, economic and political controls would be conditioned upon the acceptance by the Bonn government of prewar German debts and a willingness to share strategic war materials. Other reports indicated that the amended occupation statute would terminate controls over German use of funds, food and other supplies, permit the lapsing of powers enforcing decartelization once existing orders had been carried through and adequate legislation enacted, and would abandon the review of all laws or directives while reserving emergency power to annul any believed inconsistent with previous policy.

Eider husbandry in the North Atlantic: trends and prospects

Polar Record ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 19 (122) ◽  
pp. 447-459 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin W. Doughty
Keyword(s):  
North Atlantic ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Reproductive Potential ◽  
Somateria Mollissima ◽  
Marine Birds ◽  
Mutual Dependence ◽  
The North ◽  
Sea Birds ◽  
The Common ◽  
The North Atlantic

Mankind's relationships with animals consist mainly of preying on them or selecting and controlling useful traits through domestication. The tradition of manipulating populations to conserve animals is ancient. Old laws in western Europe restricted hunting to the upper classes, and regulations have governed the killing of mammals and birds for food. Inhabitants of Britain's remote St Kilda Island, for example, lived off sea birds for 150 years, taking into account the breeding requirements and reproductive potential of several species. Marine birds provide good examples of how different patterns of animal exploitation and conservation have become established. The utilization of one such bird the Common Eider Somateria mollissima demonstrates a rare mutual dependence between man and animal.

The Idea of a “Safety Belt”

1949 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 1001-1009
Author(s):  
Arnold Brecht
Keyword(s):  
North Atlantic ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
The Other ◽  
Concomitant Increase ◽  
The North ◽  
The Will ◽  
The Common ◽  
The North Atlantic ◽  
To Come ◽  
The Many

After the North Atlantic Treaty. The North Atlantic treaty, with its incorporation of the principle that attack on any one of the signatory powers will be considered an attack on all, has done more than any previous measure to strengthen the morale of Western Europe. No longer need any of the participating European countries, whether big or small, be afraid that it might be left alone in the hour of attack. Against that hour, if it should have to come, all will prepare in common.On the other hand, it is obvious that this firm expression of the “will to defend” has gravely accentuated the dividing line between East and West. More definitely than ever, outside of the two World Wars, Europe has now realigned herself in two antagonistic camps, both heavily armed. This fact will receive further emphasis in the process of implementing the treaty. Each one of the many particular measures that will now be taken to organize and strengthen the common defense, and the concomitant increase in expenditures for armament—much more noticeable in democracies with their public discussion of all military and budgetary issues than in the silent realms of dictatorial censorship—will have the effect of a showing of teeth and rattling of sabers.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document