Electro-optic coefficients in electric-field-poled polymer waveguides

ABSTRACTPlanar wavcguides were made from a linear epoxy copolymer of bisphcnol-A diglycidyl ether and amino-nitro-tolanc. The refractive indices, ni-M and n-E, and the clectrooptic coeflicients, r33 and r13, of the poled nonlinear optical polymcr films were determined by measurements of the wavcguide modes of these films at a wavelength of 632.8nm, and the results arc reported for both electrode and corona poling. The ratio of the second order susceptibilities was found to exceed significantly the theoretically expected value of 3. Restricted motion of the nonlinear chromophorcs during poling provides a possible explanation of this discrepancy.

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Simple measuring method for electro‐optic coefficients in poled polymer waveguides

Applied Physics Letters ◽

10.1063/1.101827 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 55 (7) ◽

pp. 616-618 ◽

Cited By ~ 36

Author(s):

Winfried H. G. Horsthuis ◽

Gijs J. M. Krijnen

Keyword(s):

Measuring Method ◽

Polymer Waveguides ◽

Poled Polymer ◽

Electro Optic ◽

Simple Measuring

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Method for characterizing poled-polymer waveguides for electro-optic integrated-optical-circuit applications

Optics Letters ◽

10.1364/ol.18.000349 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 18 (5) ◽

pp. 349 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

J. T. Gallo ◽

T. Kimura ◽

S. Ura ◽

T. Suhara ◽

H. Nishihara

Keyword(s):

Polymer Waveguides ◽

Poled Polymer ◽

Electro Optic ◽

Optical Circuit ◽

Integrated Optical

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Guided-mode method for measuring electro-optic coefficients of poled polymer waveguides

10.1117/12.252988 ◽

1996 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Fubin Gao ◽

Feng Jin ◽

Rubing Xing ◽

Yingqun Li

Keyword(s):

Polymer Waveguides ◽

Guided Mode ◽

Poled Polymer ◽

Electro Optic ◽

Mode Method

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Electric-field and refractive-index distribution in guided-wave electro-optic structures

IEE Journal on Microwaves Optics and Acoustics ◽

10.1049/ij-moa.1977.0014 ◽

1977 ◽

Vol 1 (4) ◽

pp. 125

Author(s):

F.R. Gfeller

Keyword(s):

Refractive Index ◽

Electric Field ◽

Guided Wave ◽

Refractive Index Distribution ◽

Electro Optic ◽

Index Distribution

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Electro-Optic Control of Lithium Niobate Bulk Whispering Gallery Resonators: Analysis of the Distribution of Externally Applied Electric Fields

Crystals ◽

10.3390/cryst11030298 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 298

Author(s):

Yannick Minet ◽

Hans Zappe ◽

Ingo Breunig ◽

Karsten Buse

Keyword(s):

Lithium Niobate ◽

Electric Field ◽

Electric Fields ◽

Frequency Comb ◽

Parametric Oscillation ◽

Pockels Effect ◽

Optical Mode ◽

Cylindrical Resonator ◽

Whispering Gallery ◽

Electro Optic

Whispering gallery resonators made out of lithium niobate allow for optical parametric oscillation and frequency comb generation employing the outstanding second-order nonlinear-optical properties of this material. An important knob to tune and control these processes is, e.g., the linear electro-optic effect, the Pockels effect via externally applied electric fields. Due to the shape of the resonators a precise prediction of the electric field strength that affects the optical mode is non-trivial. Here, we study the average strength of the electric field in z-direction in the region of the optical mode for different configurations and geometries of lithium niobate whispering gallery resonators with the help of the finite element method. We find that in some configurations almost 100% is present in the cavity compared to the ideal case of a cylindrical resonator. Even in the case of a few-mode resonator with a very thin rim we find a strength of 90%. Our results give useful design considerations for future arrangements that may benefit from the strong electro-optic effect in bulk whispering gallery resonators made out of lithium niobate.

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