scholarly journals Effects of dietary phosphates from organic and inorganic sources on parameters of phosphorus homeostasis in healthy adult dogs

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. e0246950
Author(s):  
Britta Dobenecker ◽  
Sven Reese ◽  
Sarah Herbst
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Skeletal Health ◽  
Potential Harm ◽  
Dietary Phosphorus ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
P Sources

Background The impact of dietary phosphorus (P) excess, especially on renal and cardiovascular health, has been investigated in several species, but little is known in dogs. Objective The aim of this study was to examine effects of different P sources on concentration and postprandial kinetics of selected parameters of P homeostasis in dogs. Methods Eight beagles received one control diet (P 0.5% dry matter [DM]) and three high P diets (poultry meal, NaH2PO4, and KH2PO4; P 1.7% DM) for 18d. Urine samples were collected pre- and postprandially while faeces were collected quantitatively for 5d and analysed for minerals. On day 18, blood was sampled 1h pre- and 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 5 and 7h postprandially. Results Pi (KH2PO4, NaH2PO4) but not organic P caused an increased apparent P digestibility and significantly influenced kinetics of serum FGF23, parathyroid hormone, P, CrossLaps and bonespecific alkaline phosphatase, demonstrating a disrupted calcium (Ca) and P homeostasis with potential harm for renal, cardiovascular and skeletal health. Conclusions Results of feeding Pi to dogs indicate distinct disturbances of Ca and P metabolism, in contrast to organic sources. The use of Pi in food can therefore not be considered as safe. Further research, especially on dose and long-term effects, is warranted.

scholarly journals The long term effects of outdoor air pollution in urban environments on cardiovascular health: a global review

CommonHealth ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 122-133
Author(s):  
Lindsay Kraus ◽  
Heather Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Outdoor Air ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Outdoor Air Pollution ◽  
The Impact

The effect of air pollution on health is listed as a significant cause of death worldwide. Slightly over 3 million deaths per year are due to outdoor air pollution. Studies have shown that short term increases in exposure to particulate matter have increased the risk of cardiovascular diseases such as myocardial infarction, stroke, and heart failure. However, less is known about the longer term effects of air pollution on various cardiovascular diseases. The American Heart Association formally recognized PM2.5 as a significant cardiovascular risk factor in 2010. Since then, more prolonged term exposure to air pollution has been suggested to cause chronic cardiometabolic and cardiovascular problems. The effects of long term (>3 years) air pollution are significant, but not as much is known about how location affects this exposure. Associations with cardiovascular diseases and their risk factors are often increased in urban settings, which is attributed to a higher concentrations of outdoor air pollution, independent of ethnic groups and seasonal changes. Potential causes of long term air pollution concentrations in cities or metropolitan areas come from traffic exposure and traffic intensity. The Environmental Protection Agency and United Nations have suggested changes in air quality standards, implementation plans, and ways to reduce vehicle emissions specifically to improve human health and reduce the adverse effects of air pollution; however, more work still needs to be done. This review assesses the impact of the global long term (>3 years) air pollution exposure, specifically in urban environments on cardiovascular health and disease.

SUMBER-SUMBER RESILIENSI PADA REMAJA AKHIR YANG MENGALAMI KEKERASAN DARI ORANGTUA PADA MASA KANAK-KANAK

Psibernetika ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Devina Calista ◽  
Garvin Garvin
Keyword(s):  
Late Adolescents ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Parental Affection ◽  
Resilience Factors ◽  
Childhood Violence ◽  
Past Experiences ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Depth Interviews

<p><em>Child abuse by parents is common in households. The impact of violence on children will bring short-term effects and long-term effects that can be attributed to their various emotional, behavioral and social problems in the future; especially in late adolescence that will enter adulthood. Resilience factors increase the likelihood that adolescents who are victims of childhood violence recover from their past experiences</em><em>,</em><em> become more powerful individuals and have a better life. The purpose of this study was to determine the source of resilience in late adolescents who experienced violence from parents in their childhood. This research uses qualitative research methods with in-depth interviews as a method of data collection. The result shows that the three research participants have the aspects of "I Have", "I Am", and "I Can"; a participant has "I Can" aspects as a source of resilience, and one other subject has no source of resilience. The study concluded that parental affection and acceptance of the past experience have role to the three sources of resilience (I Have, I Am, and I Can)</em></p><p><em> </em></p><p><strong><em>Keyword : </em></strong><em>Resilience, adolescence, violence, parents</em></p>

The Quantification of Structural Reforms in OECD Countries

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Balázs Égert ◽  
Peter Gal
Keyword(s):  
Product Market ◽  
Physical Capital ◽  
Oecd Countries ◽  
Market Regulation ◽  
Structural Reforms ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Product Market Regulation ◽  
The Impact

This chapter describes and discusses a new supply-side framework that quantifies the impact of structural reforms on per capita income in OECD countries. It presents the overall macroeconomic impacts of reforms by aggregating over the effects on physical capital, employment, and productivity through a production function. On the basis of reforms defined as observed changes in policies, the chapter finds that product market regulation has the largest overall single policy impact five years after the reforms. But the combined impact of all labour market policies is considerably larger than that of product market regulation. The paper also shows that policy impacts can differ at different horizons. The overall long-term effects on GDP per capita of policies transiting through capital deepening can be considerably larger than the five- to ten-year impacts. By contrast, the long-term impact of policies coming only via the employment rate channel materializes at a shorter horizon.

scholarly journals Antibiotics at birth and later antibiotic courses: effects on gut microbiota

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sofia Ainonen ◽  
Mysore V Tejesvi ◽  
Md. Rayhan Mahmud ◽  
Niko Paalanne ◽  
Tytti Pokka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Control Group ◽  
List Type ◽  
Antibiotic Exposure ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Antibiotic Courses ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

Abstract Background Intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis (IAP) is widely used, but the evidence of the long-term effects on the gut microbiota and subsequent health of children is limited. Here, we compared the impacts of perinatal antibiotic exposure and later courses of antibiotic courses on gut microbiota. Methods This was a prospective, controlled cohort study among 100 vaginally delivered infants with different perinatal antibiotic exposures: control (27), IAP (27), postnatal antibiotics (24), and IAP and postnatal antibiotics (22). At 1 year of age, we performed next-generation sequencing of the bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA gene of fecal samples. Results Exposure to the perinatal antibiotics had a clear impact on the gut microbiota. The abundance of the Bacteroidetes phylum was significantly higher in the control group, whereas the relative abundance of Escherichia coli was significantly lower in the control group. The impact of the perinatal antibiotics on the gut microbiota composition was greater than exposure to later courses of antibiotics (28% of participants). Conclusions Perinatal antibiotic exposure had a marked impact on the gut microbiota at the age of 1 year. The timing of the antibiotic exposure appears to be the critical factor for the changes observed in the gut microbiota. Impact Infants are commonly exposed to IAP and postnatal antibiotics, and later to courses of antibiotics during the first year of life. Perinatal antibiotics have been associated with an altered gut microbiota during the first months of life, whereas the evidence regarding the long-term impact is more limited. Perinatal antibiotic exposure had a marked impact on the infant’s gut microbiota at 1 year of age. Impact of the perinatal antibiotics on the gut microbiota composition was greater than that of the later courses of antibiotics at the age of 1 year.

Parental alienation: the impact on men’s mental health

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Leo Sher
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Separation Anxiety ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Parental Alienation ◽  
Adult Men ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
High Conflict ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Parental alienation is defined as a mental state in which a child, usually one whose parents are engaged in a high-conflict separation or divorce, allies himself strongly with one parent (the preferred parent) and rejects a relationship with the other parent (the alienated parent) without legitimate justification. Parental alienation may affect men’s mental health: a) parental alienation negatively influences mental health of male children and adolescents who are victims of parental alienation. Alienated children/adolescents display guilt, sadness, and depressed mood; low self-esteem and lack of self-confidence; distress and frustration; lack of impulse control, substance abuse and delinquent behavior; separation anxiety, fears and phobias; hypochondria and increased tendency to develop psychosomatic illness; suicidal ideation and suicide attempt; sleep and eating disorders; educational problems; enuresis and encopresis; b) parental alienation negatively affects the mental health of adult men who were victims of parental alienation when they were children and/or adolescents. Long-term effects of parental alienation include low self-esteem, depression, drug/alcohol abuse, lack of trust, alienation from own children, divorce, problems with identity and not having a sense of belonging or roots, choosing not to have children to avoid being rejected by them, low achievement, anger and bitterness over the time lost with the alienated parent; c) parental alienation negatively influences mental health of men who are alienated from their children. Fathers who have lost some or all contact with their children for months or years following separation or divorce may be depressed and suicidal.

scholarly journals Cancer Care and Survivorship Planning: Promises and Challenges

2009 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 116-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Len Lichtenfeld
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Care ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Cancer Treatments ◽  
The Impact

Although we have made some progress in understanding long-term effects of some cancer treatments, there is still much more to learn about the impact of our treatments on our patients.

scholarly journals Transient inhibition and long-term facilitation of locomotion by phasic optogenetic activation of serotonin neurons

eLife ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrícia A Correia ◽  
Eran Lottem ◽  
Dhruba Banerjee ◽  
Ana S Machado ◽  
Megan R Carey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Behavior ◽  
Motor Impairment ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Strong Suppression ◽  
Serotonin Neurons ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Rapid Kinetics ◽  
Long Term Facilitation ◽  
The Impact

Serotonin (5-HT) is associated with mood and motivation but the function of endogenous 5-HT remains controversial. Here, we studied the impact of phasic optogenetic activation of 5-HT neurons in mice over time scales from seconds to weeks. We found that activating dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) 5-HT neurons induced a strong suppression of spontaneous locomotor behavior in the open field with rapid kinetics (onset ≤1 s). Inhibition of locomotion was independent of measures of anxiety or motor impairment and could be overcome by strong motivational drive. Repetitive place-contingent pairing of activation caused neither place preference nor aversion. However, repeated 15 min daily stimulation caused a persistent increase in spontaneous locomotion to emerge over three weeks. These results show that 5-HT transients have strong and opposing short and long-term effects on motor behavior that appear to arise from effects on the underlying factors that motivate actions.

Biomolecular Modeling and Simulation: A Prospering Multidisciplinary Field

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamar Schlick ◽  
Stephanie Portillo-Ledesma ◽  
Christopher G. Myers ◽  
Lauren Beljak ◽  
Justin Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Modeling And Simulation ◽  
Annual Review ◽  
Publication Date ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Biomolecular Modeling ◽  
Productive Phase ◽  
The Impact ◽  
New Algorithms

We reassess progress in the field of biomolecular modeling and simulation, following up on our perspective published in 2011. By reviewing metrics for the field's productivity and providing examples of success, we underscore the productive phase of the field, whose short-term expectations were overestimated and long-term effects underestimated. Such successes include prediction of structures and mechanisms; generation of new insights into biomolecular activity; and thriving collaborations between modeling and experimentation, including experiments driven by modeling. We also discuss the impact of field exercises and web games on the field's progress. Overall, we note tremendous success by the biomolecular modeling community in utilization of computer power; improvement in force fields; and development and application of new algorithms, notably machine learning and artificial intelligence. The combined advances are enhancing the accuracy and scope of modeling and simulation, establishing an exemplary discipline where experiment and theory or simulations are full partners. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Biophysics, Volume 50 is May 2021. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

scholarly journals The Long-Term Effects of Long Terms – Compulsory Schooling Reforms in Sweden

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 2776-2823
Author(s):  
Martin Fischer ◽  
Martin Karlsson ◽  
Therese Nilsson ◽  
Nina Schwarz
Keyword(s):  
Gender Gap ◽  
Labor Market Outcomes ◽  
Instructional Time ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Compulsory Schooling ◽  
Market Outcomes ◽  
Term Length ◽  
Annual Term ◽  
The Impact

Abstract We evaluate the impact on earnings, pensions, and further labor market outcomes of two parallel educational reforms increasing instructional time in Swedish primary school. The reforms extended the annual term length and years of compulsory schooling by comparable amounts. We find striking differences in the effects of the two reforms: at 5% the returns to the term length extension were sizeable and benefited broad ranges of the population. The compulsory schooling extension had small (2%) albeit significant effects, which were possibly driven by an increase in post-compulsory schooling. Both reforms led to increased sorting into occupations with heavy reliance on basic skills and the term extension reduced the gender gap in employment and earnings.

IMPACTS OF EXTERNAL SHOCKS ON ASIAN ECONOMIES: PANEL VECTOR AUTOREGRESSIVE REGRESSION WITH LATENT DYNAMIC COMPONENTS APPROACH

2013 ◽  
Vol 58 (04) ◽  
pp. 1350026
Author(s):  
DOO YONG YANG
Keyword(s):  
Business Cycles ◽  
Asian Crisis ◽  
Space Representation ◽  
External Shocks ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Vector Autoregressive ◽  
Asian Economies ◽  
Dynamic Components ◽  
The Impact

This paper analyzes the effects of external shocks on emerging Asian economies. Since the Asian crisis of 1997–1998, the impact of external shocks on regional economies has grown important in the Asian business cycles as well as in the decision-making process of macroeconomic policies, as emerging Asian economies have become more integrated with the global economy. This paper designs a state-space representation of the panel vector autoregressive model with latent dynamic components in order to show the impulse response function of three external shocks including real income shock, financial shock, and long-term real interest rate shock. This paper finds the external real gross domestic product shock as a dominant one in emerging Asia. The shock has been persistent and has carried long-term effects on emerging Asia before and after the Asian crisis. Second, the external equity shock has also been an important factor influencing the business cycles in the region after the Asian crisis, while the effect has been insignificant before the Asian crisis. Last, the external monetary shock has presumably mitigated effectively by Asia's macroeconomic policy, but it has forced to give up monetary independency in the region.

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