scholarly journals One Method to Improve the Official Poverty Line in Indonesia

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-52
Author(s):  
Carunia Mulya Firdausy
Keyword(s):  
Research Question ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Poverty Line ◽  
Absolute Poverty ◽  
Subjective Poverty ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Government ◽  
Policies And Programs ◽  
Depth Interviews

Poverty is one of the long standing problems in Indonesia. Using the national absolute poverty line, itwas estimated that the proportion of the poor has declined from 40.1% in 1976 to 10.5% in 2014. However,many people claim that the above percentage of the poor is only true in terms of statistics. The poor argue thatthe amount of rupiah expenditure set as the ofcial poverty line is inadequate to fulfl their basic needs. Thispaper, based on a feld survey of 360 respondents of the poor and the non-poor in three villages in three different provinces located in the Eastern, Western and Central parts of Indonesia, aims at examining a methodto improve the national poverty line and to determine the minimum rupiah expenditure of the poverty lineusing a subjective approach. The method used to examine this research question is by - using questionnaires,Focus Group Discussion (FGD) and in depth interviews. Sample respondents were asked their perceptions onvariables, dimensions and indicators that should be accommodated in formulating the subjective poverty line.They were also questioned about the minimum rupiah expenditure threshold to defne the subjective povertyline. The study found that the ofcial poverty line that has been determined by the government was far belowthe subjective poverty line that was defned by the respondents. Also, the variables, dimension and indicatorsthat should be accommodated in the national poverty line should not only be food items, but also access toemployment, housing, health and education for children. The minimum rupiah expenditure of the povertyline was argued to be more than Rp 500 000 equal to US$40 per capita per month. This minimum rupiahexpenditure of the subjective poverty line is almost double that of the ofcial poverty line set at the average ofRp 300 000 or US$24 per capita per month. Therefore, the government not only needs to revise the presentpoverty line, but also needs to revise policies and programs to eliminate poverty by taking into account thedimension and variables of poverty viewed by the poor and the non-poor. If not, the incidence of poverty willremain with us.

SOCIO-ECONOMIC EMPOWERMENT OF WOMEN THROUGH MICRO CREDIT: AN EMPIRICAL STUDY

2021 ◽  
pp. 58-60
Author(s):  
T. Indumathi ◽  
G. Savaraiah
Keyword(s):  
Rural Women ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Rural Poverty ◽  
Poverty Line ◽  
Economic Empowerment ◽  
Political Empowerment ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Micro Credit

The World Bank's Andhra Pradesh Rural Poverty Reduction Project supports the self helf groups of the women members. It promotes women's social, economic, legal and political empowerment to reduce poverty among the poor and the poorest of the poor. The important object of this article is to examine the impact of micronance on the socio economic empowerment of the rural women supported by the national reputed NGO- Rashtriya Seva Samithi (RASS). 184 women members of the SHGs promoted by Rasthriya Seva Samathi (RASS) an NGO which located in Tirupati town. 184 samples are selected randomly from 15 SHGs scattered throughout the Tirupati rural mandal (Taluk) from the area of the study have been considered to conduct the present research study. The study reveals that 87.71 percent of the sample women were below the poverty line before joining the SHGs. As a result of SHG, about 40 percent of the sample women crossed the poverty line. The highest intensive value indicates that more women have participated in social agitations for the welfare of the children and the society. The second highest intensity reveals that considerable numbers of women of SHGs have participated in the government sponsored schemes. The 1st point secured 3rd rank with total intensity value of 605 which status that the micro credit has resulted in increased social status and empowerment.

scholarly journals A Critical Analysis of Legal Aid in Bangladesh

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 139
Author(s):  
Md. Nannu Mian ◽  
Md. Mamunur Rashid
Keyword(s):  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Research Methods ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Poverty Line ◽  
Legal Rights ◽  
Legal Knowledge ◽  
Legal Aid ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Analytical Research ◽  
The Government

Legal aid is essentially a mechanism that enables the poor and the vulnerable sectors of the society to be able to enforce their legal rights in order to access a fair and equitable justice in the society. Nowadays, a legal aid can be justifiably said as a crying need to ensure social and legal justice in Bangladesh because most of the citizens are illiterate and they live below the poverty line which incidentally makes matters worse. Due to their financial crisis or lack of legal knowledge they are often precluded to access justice. In recognizing the legal aid as a right, the government has enacted some laws. However, unfortunately those laws are full of weaknesses, loopholes, and procedural complexities which have to be judiciously addressed in the proper legal perspectives. As a matter of fact, legally speaking, much has been said and done, but ironically not much has been practiced. Due to these ever unsettling defects, the ultimate objectives of those laws have frequently failed to ensure enjoyment of the legal aid services among the vulnerable sectors of the society. In this research, an attempt has been made to analyze and find out numerous legal the gaps, loopholes and complexities of the existing laws relating to legal aid services in Bangladesh and frame out a comprehensive solution for ensuring the aid program by adopting the qualitative and the analytical research methods.

scholarly journals AN ANALYSIS OF ZAKAH FUNDS THROUGH COMMUNITY BASED DEVELOPMENT

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 403
Author(s):  
M. Ihsan Dacholfany ◽  
Nedi Hendri
Keyword(s):  
Group Discussion ◽  
Model Identification ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Prototype Model ◽  
Planning Program ◽  
Community Based ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Identification Stage ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Reconstruction Model

Abstrak Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui model prototipe optimalisasi dana amal yang tepat dalam pemberdayaan masyarakat  miskin perkotaan berdasarkan kearifan lokal di Lampung. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode survei dengan data yang berasal dari hasil Diskusi Kelompok yang terfokus  dan wawancara mendalam dengan pembicara adalah tahap identifikasi model. Kemudian model rekonstruksi menggunakan analisis komparatif. Pengembangan Berbasis Masyarakat ini menggunakan metode yang melibatkan masyarakat dalam pembangunan. Di mana konstruksi dimulai pada tahap ide, perencanaan, kegiatan pengembangan program, penganggaran, pengadaan sumber daya hingga implementasi yang lebih menekankan pada keinginan nyata atau kebutuhan nyata  masyarakat dalam sekelompok orang.  Melalui Relasi Mustahiq yang sangat membantu sebagai sumber daya manusia, Dengan harapan Pengembangan Masyarakat Terpadu diharaplan  menjadi pusat penyaluran program tersebut sehingga programnya lebih terukur, dan terkendali.     Kata kunci: Dana Zakat, Pemberdayaan, Miskin Perkotaan, dan Pengembangan Berbasis Masyarakat   Abstract The aim of this study is to find a prototype model of the proper optimization of charity funds in the empowerment of the poor town based on local wisdom in Lampung. This study used a survey method with the data derived from the results of the Focus Group Discussion (FGD) and in-depth interviews with the speakers is the model identification stage. Then, reconstruction model using comparative analysis. Community Based Development (CBD) is a method  that involves communities in development. Where constructions began on the stage of ideas, planning, program development activities, budgeting, procurement of resources to the implementation of a more emphasis on real desire or the real needs of the community in a group of people. Through Mustahiq Relation Officer (MRO) ashuman resources assistant, Integrated Community Development (ICD) became the center ofthe distribution of the program so that the program is more scalable, and controlled.   Keywords: Zakah Fund, Empowerment, Poor Urban, and Community Based Development (CBD).  

scholarly journals Empowering Fishermen through Local Wisdom and Sustainable Development: a Policy Research

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 109
Author(s):  
Sukarmi Sukarmi
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Local Government ◽  
Policy Research ◽  
Development Model ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Central Java ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The Government ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Poor Welfare

The current study was to observe to what extent efforts are taken by the local government of Demak Regency, Central Java Indonesia to empower the fishermen based on local wisdom, as well as what model is right with the sustainable development. Technically, the government can take benefit from this study to issue a policy of ‘empowering and protecting fisherman with sustainable development model. The regency has bio and non-bio potential resources. However, due to the lack of visionary attention to the resources and the absence of the comprehensive maritime planning, the ecology and the socio-economy of the area are facing serious problems, such as unhealthy competition in fishing in its multiple manifestations contributing to the poor welfare of the fishermen along the coastline. In-depth interviews were held among 20 fishermen to find out their wishes for improvement of the welfare. It was concluded that policies of pro-fishermen have to be developed on the basis of local wisdom and sustainable development and recommendations were offered accordingly.

scholarly journals PERKEMBANGAN TINGKAT KEMISKINAN DAN KESENJANGAN SOSIAL REGIONAL DI INDONESIA 2011-2015

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Iwan Prasodjo
Keyword(s):  
Rural Area ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Poor ◽  
Poverty Line ◽  
Poverty Rate ◽  
Poor People ◽  
Agriculture Sector ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The Government ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

This article discusses on poverty rate and inequlity in urban and rural areas during 2011-15. It shows that poverty rate tends todecrease. The poverty in rural area is worse than that in the urban one. The urban poor people work in the informal sector or in the small business. The poor in the rural areas work in the agriculture sector. The majority of poorest provinces is in the east Indonesia. However, the majority of the poor people live in Java island. Eventough the income inequility in Indonesia is moderate, but it  has been increased since 2011. There are many more poor people above the national poverty line. The government could inprove rural and east Indonesia infstructure in order to increase agriculture production. In this way the poverty in rural area and the gap between east and west Indonesia could decrease.

scholarly journals MODEL STRATEGI BERTAHAN HIDUP RUMAH TANGGA MISKIN (SEBUAH LITERATURE REVIEW)

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 153
Author(s):  
Asyari Asyari
Keyword(s):  
Poverty Alleviation ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Public Welfare ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Poor Households ◽  
The Government ◽  
Policies And Programs ◽  
Multidimensional Concept ◽  
Causes Of Poverty

<em>Poverty is the enemy of the government in order to create public welfare. The policies and programs undertaken by the government for the purpose of reducing poverty. Policies and programs exist that succeed in reducing poverty but there is also spawned new poverty. The following article is a literature study on the model of survival of poor households that are not touched by the poverty alleviation program. The method used is to examine some of the results of studies that have been published in journals that describe how poor households to survive and get out of the winding poverty. The findings of this study to inform the causes of poverty are many. This is because poverty is a multidimensional concept. Forms of survival (survival) and exit (exit) on poverty conducted by the poor and poor households will vary according to the cause of poverty. Reduce poor households is not a program and policy apart from the causes of poverty. A separate program will create new poverty because the program did not aim at poverty reduction.</em> Kemiskinan adalah musuh pemerintah dalam rangka menciptakan kesejahteraan masyarakat. Berbagai kebijakan dan program dilakukan oleh pemerintah untuk tujuan mengurangi angka kemiskinan. Kebijakan dan program tersebut ada yang berhasil dalam mengurangi angka kemiskinan namun ada pula yang melahirkan kemiskinan baru. Tulisan berikut adalah studi literature tentang model bertahan hidup rumah tangga miskin yang tidak tersentuh oleh program pengentasan kemiskinan. Metode yang digunakan adalah menelaah beberapa hasil-hasil penelitian yang pernah dimuat di jurnal-jurnal yang menjelaskan bagaimana rumah tangga miskin bertahan hidup dan keluar dari lilitan kemiskinan. Temuan penelitian ini menginformasikan penyebab kemiskinan sangat banyak dan beragam. Hal ini karena kemiskinan merupakan konsep yang multidimensi. Bentuk-bentuk bertahan hidup (survival) dan keluar (exit) dari kemiskinan yang dilakukan oleh orang miskin dan rumah tangga miskin beragam sesuai dengan penyebab kemiskinan. Mengurangi rumah tangga miskin bukanlah dengan program dan kebijakan yang terpisah dari penyebab kemiskinan. Program yang terpisah tersebut akan membuat kemiskinan baru karena program tersebut tidak menyasar pengurangan kemiskinan.

Social minimum living standard in Russia: estimation methods

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 192-203
Author(s):  
Lyudmila Migranova ◽  
Irina Korchagina
Keyword(s):  
Social Role ◽  
Poverty Line ◽  
Poverty Rate ◽  
Normal Function ◽  
Estimation Methods ◽  
Living Standard ◽  
Median Income ◽  
Absolute Poverty ◽  
Poor Households ◽  
Per Capita

The minimum living standard of the population in Russia since 1992 is subsistence minimum (SM). It plays a significant social role as a criterion for the assessment of the need of households for social assistance. The methods for SM calculating were periodically changed, but the rate of absolute poverty was always measured by the share of the population with income below SM. The article considers in detail the methods for estimating SM, adopted in 2013 and based on normative-statistical approach. Analysis of the food consumption and the structure of consumer spending of poor households, based on Household Budget Survey 2012-2019, revealed their non-compliance with the SM that was effective up to and including 2020. Since 2021 estimation of poverty is made by statistical methods without calculating minimum consumer basket (Law № 473-ФЗ as of 29.12.2020). The poverty line is determined by the ratio to median income per capita, and the poverty rate is of relative character. Retrospective analysis of the dynamics in the per capita and median incomes of the RF population and the SM per capita for 2013-2020 makes it possible to estimate the difference in the rates of absolute and relative poverty and to understand what guided the developers of the law in determining the SM per capita at 44.2% of the median income and the value of SM for the main sociodemographic groups of the population for the year 2021. In addition, on concrete examples, by means of the logarithmic normal function used by Rosstat for calculation of the population income distribution, it is shown, at what ratio of the median income to the average, the rate of absolute poverty may be reduced by half as compared to 2019

The Poverty Line and the Value of Public Rental Housing Subsidies to the Poor

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yue Chim Richard Wong
Keyword(s):  
Rental Housing ◽  
Poverty Line ◽  
Poor People ◽  
The Public ◽  
Housing Subsidies ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Public Rental Housing ◽  
The Government ◽  
Ownership Rights ◽  
Sixtieth Anniversary

There is one very simple and costless way to alleviate poverty in one fell swoop. All one has to do is to transfer full private ownership rights of the public housing units to the occupying tenant free of charge. . … This would, according to the government study, lift 600,000 households in public rental housing above the poverty line. This would have been the best Christmas gift the Poverty Commission could bestow on the poor people in Hong Kong on the eve of the sixtieth anniversary of the Shek Kip Mei Fire.

Measuring Poverty: Context-Specific but not Relative

2010 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 241-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
KRISTIAN NIEMIETZ
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
National Level ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Poverty Line ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Median Income ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Absolute Poverty ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Context Specific

AbstractPoverty in developed countries is commonly defined in relative terms. It is argued that a relative definition formalises the insight that poverty is a context-specific phenomenon, and that the understanding of what constitutes poverty changes with overall economic development. Yet this article argues that tagging a poverty line to mean or median incomes does not automatically anchor it in its social context. Relative measures rely on the implicit assumptions that social norms are formed at the national level, and that median income earners set social standards. A comparison with studies on ‘Subjective Well-Being’ (SWB) shows that these assumptions are rather arbitrary. At the same time, relative indicators do not take account of changes in the product market structure that disproportionately affect the poor. If low-cost substitutes for expensive items become available, the poor will be relatively more affected than median income earners. Conventional ‘absolute poverty’ indicators will be equally dismissed for not solving these problems either. A combined ‘Consensual Material Deprivation’ and ‘Budget Standard Approach’ indicator will be proposed as a more robust alternative.

Growth, Inequality and Poverty in Selected Caribbean and Latin American Countries, with Emphasis on Guyana

1998 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 591-617 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOHN GAFAR
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Human Development Index ◽  
Direct Relationship ◽  
Poverty Line ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Latin American Countries

The statistical evidence surveyed suggests that as an indicator of development the Human Development Index is directly related to the level of per capita income; that inequality is countercyclical; and that economic growth is poverty reducing. In the case of Guyana the data suggest that nearly 43 per cent of the population were below the poverty line (approximately US$1 per day per person); that poverty is predominantly rural; that most of the poor seek employment in agriculture or in the informal (self employed) sector; and that there is a direct relationship between the level of education, health and poverty.

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