Poverty and inequality in the light of modern approaches to overcoming Russian poverty

The subject of the article is the phenomenon of poverty in light of the problems of excessive economic inequality, which is the main source of formation of Russian poverty, and indicative of institutional analysis which involves a critical revision of social-economic policy of the state instead of the official way of dealing with this problem without considering the reasons of its formation (targeting of poverty). The aim of the work is to update the cause-and-effect factors of poverty formation in Russia, the main of which is a critically high level of inequality with an assessment of the role, nature and causes of its causes. The hypothesis of the study is the thesis that the fight against poverty is ineffective based only on increasing the number and level of social payments and social programs, without taking into account the causes of poverty, thus not affecting any socio-economic processes for its formation. Meanwhile, both the indicative and institutional approach to the analysis of the main causes of poverty shows the dominant role of excessive inequality in the formation of the problem of Russian poverty. In turn, inequality is caused by the inefficiency of the state’s distributive and redistributive policies, caused by the lack of scientific conditionality and systematic political decisions.

The Politics of Cash Transfers in Kenya

How does public opinion on the causes of poverty and deservingness condition support for government support for the poor? This paper answers this question with a focus on direct cash transfers. I find minimal partisan differences in perceptions of the causes of poverty and deservingness, but significant differences in opinions on how to finance cash transfers. Supporters of the incumbent president are more likely to support increasing consumption taxes to finance these programs compared to opposition supporters. These findings suggest that partisan differences about social spending may exist even when there is agreement on the causes of poverty and deservingness.

Corporate Social Responsibility and Poverty Alleviation

Poverty is one of the significant issues of the world. There are several causes of poverty. Numerous countries of the world adopt sustainable policies for its reduction. There are also direct and indirect responsibilities of the corporate sector to play a vital role in its reduction. The aim of writing this chapter is to explain the significant causes of poverty around the world. Furthermore, this chapter also explains how the private and, more specifically, the corporate sector can influence overall poverty reduction.

Phenomenon of social exclusion in EU countries: Definition and measurements

The article analyses the phenomenon of social exclusion and the EU policy in combating this problem. The article is based on the analysis of the works of European researchers, official EU documents and Eurostat statistical data. The concept of social exclusion began to develop actively in the second half of the 20th century, and quickly had been used by politicians of European countries to develop effective social policies and to fight poverty. The concept of social exclusion is not a synonymous to the concept of poverty, because exclusion offers a comprehensive study of the causes of poverty in developed societies and suggests theories that explain the causes of poverty. The concept of social exclusion becomes a policy tool, as it offers concrete directions for reduction of poverty and marginalized groups through system of targeted support, as well as actions to reduce the marginalization of groups and people living in poverty. The article presents methods of measuring this phenomenon that are used by the EU institutions to assess if individuals are at risk of poverty and social exclusion. In Russia, researchers and official representatives are noticeably interested in the concept of social exclusion. Methods of measuring poverty and social exclusion offered in the EU countries are being tested and discussed. Given the complexities of the transformation of social policy in modern Russia, taken pension reform, reform of public health system, family policy, and education, it is likely that the problem of social exclusion will remain being a distant target. Nevertheless, the interest of Russian specialists and officials to the problem and development of methods for measuring poverty using the experience of scientists from European countries provides some ground for optimism.

Causes and Solutions of Poverty in Lesotho

Sub-Saharan Africa is a home of the world’s poorest countries. After more than half a century since independence, Lesotho remains in the list of the poor countries in Sub-Saharan Africa despite the adoption of the Millennium Development Goals, Sustainable Development Goals, and Agenda 2063. The aim of this paper is to examine the causes of poverty in the country together with the solutions taken to combat it. The paper asks the following questions: What are the main causes of poverty in Lesotho? What solutions has the government put in place to reduce it? The paper anchors on content analysis to provide answers to these questions. It argues that poverty and its ills remain pervasive in Lesotho because of the government’s poor policies and failure to create job opportunities. The paper shows that the government of Lesotho has closed gender disparity in terms of educational attainment and health and survival. It has also developed a robust social protection system to reduce poverty among the elderly population, people living with disabilities, children, and women in the country. Despite this success, the government has reversed the gains made since 2006 in terms of political empowerment and economic participation and opportunities. Notwithstanding, the SDGs and Agenda 2063 provides a room for the government to reduce poverty in the country by making good on its promises entailed in the two international instruments.

Improving the performance of precision poverty alleviation based on big data mining and machine learning

Since the reform began in our country, with the rapid economic growth in recent years, the income level has grown extremely unequal, and it is difficult for the low-income poor to benefit from the rapid economic growth. The most important prerequisite for the fight against poverty is the accurate identification of the causes of poverty. To date, our country has not reached the level of maturity required to accurately study the causes of poverty in various households. However, with the rapid development of Internet technology and big data technology in recent years, the application of large-scale data technology and data extraction algorithms to poverty reduction can identify truly poor households faster and more accurately. Compared with traditional machine learning algorithms, there are no machine storage and technical constraints, can use a large amount of data and rely on multiple data samples.

Potential Causes Of Poverty In The City Of Probolinggo

Poverty is a situation where humans cannot achieve their basic requirements. This has become a standard problem experienced by every country. The research object aims to find the potential causes of poverty in the Probolinggo by examining the effect of the potential for education, unemployment, and inflation simultaneously, partially and dominantly, on poverty. The study used a quantitative method of causal relationships, 391 RTM respondents with cluster sampling technique sampling. The data analysis method used a validity test, reliability test, classical assumption test, multiple linear regression analysis, and determination coefficient analysis. The conclusion from the hypothesis testing in this research is the variables of education, unemployment, and inflation have a significant and partial effect on poverty in Probolinggo City, while the most dominant potential effect on poverty is education. The result of the determination coefficient analysis is 71.9%. The causes of poverty in the city of Probolinggo are education, unemployment, and inflation. From the research results, the local government should continue to motivate and make people aware of the importance of education, improve skills as a means of overcoming unemployment, increase economic growth so the inflation can be suppressed, and the problem of poverty is resolved.