scholarly journals The Roles of the Long Non-Coding RNA Transcripts in Cardiovascular Diseases

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 74-79
Author(s):  
Burcu BAYOGLU ◽  
Mujgan CENGIZ
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Rna Transcripts ◽  
Non Coding Rna ◽  
Long Non Coding Rna

scholarly journals Long Non-Coding RNA in Vascular Disease and Aging

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diewertje Bink ◽  
Noelia Lozano-Vidal ◽  
Reinier Boon
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Vascular Disease ◽  
Vascular Diseases ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Western Society ◽  
Non Coding Rna ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Long Non Coding Rna

Cardiovascular diseases are the most prominent cause of death in Western society, especially in the elderly. With the increasing life expectancy, the number of patients with cardiovascular diseases will rise in the near future, leading to an increased healthcare burden. There is a need for new therapies to treat this growing number of patients. The discovery of long non-coding RNAs has led to a novel group of molecules that could be considered for their potential as therapeutic targets. This review presents an overview of long non-coding RNAs that are regulated in vascular disease and aging and which might therefore give insight into new pathways that could be targeted to diagnose, prevent, and/or treat vascular diseases.

scholarly journals Long Non-Coding RNA in the Pathogenesis of Cancers

Cells ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 1015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chi ◽  
Wang ◽  
Wang ◽  
Yu ◽  
Yang
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Gene Expressions ◽  
Rna Transcripts ◽  
The Past ◽  
Non Coding Rna ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Tumor Growth And Metastasis ◽  
New Biomarkers ◽  
Long Non Coding Rna

The incidence and mortality rate of cancer has been quickly increasing in the past decades. At present, cancer has become the leading cause of death worldwide. Most of the cancers cannot be effectively diagnosed at the early stage. Although there are multiple therapeutic treatments, including surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and targeted drugs, their effectiveness is still limited. The overall survival rate of malignant cancers is still low. It is necessary to further study the mechanisms for malignant cancers, and explore new biomarkers and targets that are more sensitive and effective for early diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of cancers than traditional biomarkers and methods. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a class of RNA transcripts with a length greater than 200 nucleotides. Generally, lncRNAs are not capable of encoding proteins or peptides. LncRNAs exert diverse biological functions by regulating gene expressions and functions at transcriptional, translational, and post-translational levels. In the past decade, it has been demonstrated that the dysregulated lncRNA profile is widely involved in the pathogenesis of many diseases, including cancer, metabolic disorders, and cardiovascular diseases. In particular, lncRNAs have been revealed to play an important role in tumor growth and metastasis. Many lncRNAs have been shown to be potential biomarkers and targets for the diagnosis and treatment of cancers. This review aims to briefly discuss the latest findings regarding the roles and mechanisms of some important lncRNAs in the pathogenesis of certain malignant cancers, including lung, breast, liver, and colorectal cancers, as well as hematological malignancies and neuroblastoma.

scholarly journals ciRS-7 exonic sequence is embedded in a long non-coding RNA locus

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven P. Barrett ◽  
Kevin R. Parker ◽  
Caroline Horn ◽  
Miguel Mata ◽  
Julia Salzman
Keyword(s):  
Circular Rnas ◽  
Biological Regulation ◽  
Functional Roles ◽  
Rna Transcripts ◽  
Non Coding Rna ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
And Function ◽  
Long Non Coding Rna ◽  
Human And Mouse ◽  
Exonic Sequence

AbstractciRS-7 is an intensely studied, highly expressed and conserved circRNA. Essentially nothing is known about its biogenesis, including the location of its promoter. A prevailing assumption has been that ciRS-7 is an exceptional circRNA because it is transcribed from a locus lacking any mature linear RNA transcripts of the same sense. Our interest in the biogenesis of ciRS-7 led us to develop an algorithm to define its promoter. This approach predicted that the human ciRS-7 promoter coincides with that of the long non-coding RNA, LINC00632. We validated this prediction using multiple orthogonal experimental assays. We also used computational approaches and experimental validation to establish that ciRS-7 exonic sequence is embedded in linear transcripts that are flanked by cryptic exons in both human and mouse. Together, this experimental and computational evidence generate a new view of regulation in this locus: (a) ciRS-7 is like other circRNAs, as it is spliced into linear transcripts; (b) expression of ciRS-7 is primarily determined by the chromatin state of LINC00632 promoters; (c) transcription and splicing factors sufficient for ciRS-7 biogenesis are expressed in cells that lack detectable ciRS-7 expression. These findings have significant implications for the study of the regulation and function of ciRS-7, and the analytic framework we developed to jointly analyze RNA-seq and ChlP-seq data reveal the potential for genome-wide discovery of important biological regulation missed in current reference annotations.Author SummarycircRNAs were recently discovered to be a significant product of ‘host’ gene expression programs but little is known about their transcriptional regulation. Here, we have studied the expression of a well-known circRNA named ciRS-7. ciRS-7 has an unusual function for a circRNA; it is believed to be a miRNA sponge. Previously, ciRS-7 was thought to be transcribed from a locus lacking any mature linear isoforms, unlike all other circular RNAs known to be expressed in human cells. However, we have found this to be false; using a combination of bioinformatic and experimental genetic approaches, in both human and mouse, we discovered that linear transcripts containing the ciRS-7 exonic sequence, linking it to upstream genes. This suggests the potential for additional functional roles of this important locus and provides critical information to begin study on the biogenesis of ciRS-7.

scholarly journals Genome-wide analysis of long non-coding RNA expression and function in colorectal cancer

Tumor Biology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 101042831770365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fangyuan Jing ◽  
Huicheng Jin ◽  
Yingying Mao ◽  
Yingjun Li ◽  
Ye Ding ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Expression Profile ◽  
Colorectal Carcinogenesis ◽  
Rna Expression ◽  
Rna Transcripts ◽  
Non Coding Rna ◽  
Tumor Tissues ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Long Non Coding Rna

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are widely transcribed in the genome, but their expression profile and roles in colorectal cancer are not well understood. The aim of this study was to investigate the long non-coding RNA expression profile in colorectal cancer and look for potential diagnostic biomarkers of colorectal cancer. Long non-coding RNA microarray was applied to investigate the global long non-coding RNA expression profile in colorectal cancer. Gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analyses were performed using standard enrichment computational methods. The expression levels of selected long non-coding RNAs were validated by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. The relationship between long non-coding RNA expression levels and clinicopathological characteristics of colorectal cancer patients was assessed. Coexpression analyses were carried out to find the coexpressed genes of differentially expressed long non-coding RNAs, followed by gene ontology analysis to predict the possible role of the selected long non-coding RNAs in colorectal carcinogenesis. In this study, a total of 1596 long non-coding RNA transcripts and 1866 messenger RNA transcripts were dysregulated in tumor tissues compared with paired normal tissues. The top upregulated long non-coding RNAs in tumor tissues were CCAT1, UCA1, RP5-881L22.5, NOS2P3, and BC005081 and the top downregulated long non-coding RNAs were AK055386, AC078941.1, RP4-800J21.3, RP11-628E19.3, and RP11-384P7.7. Long non-coding RNA UCA1 was significantly upregulated in colon cancer, and AK055386 was significantly downregulated in tumor with dimension <5 cm. Functional prediction analyses showed that both the long non-coding RNAs coexpress with cell cycle related messenger RNAs. The current long non-coding RNA study provided novel insights into expression profile in colorectal cancer and predicted the potential roles of long non-coding RNAs in colorectal carcinogenesis. Among the dysregulated long non-coding RNAs, UCA1 was found to be associated with anatomic site, and AK055386 was found associated with tumor size. Further functional investigations into the molecular mechanisms are warranted to clarify the role of long non-coding RNA in colorectal carcinogenesis.

scholarly journals Functions of long non-coding RNAs in human disease and their conservation in Drosophila development

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 895-904 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oliver M. Rogoyski ◽  
Jose Ignacio Pueyo ◽  
Juan Pablo Couso ◽  
Sarah F. Newbury
Keyword(s):  
Regulatory Networks ◽  
Genomic Analysis ◽  
Human Diseases ◽  
Model Organisms ◽  
Drosophila Development ◽  
Functional Conservation ◽  
Rna Transcripts ◽  
Non Coding Rna ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Long Non Coding Rna

Genomic analysis has found that the transcriptome in both humans and Drosophila melanogaster features large numbers of long non-coding RNA transcripts (lncRNAs). This recently discovered class of RNAs regulates gene expression in diverse ways and has been involved in a large variety of important biological functions. Importantly, an increasing number of lncRNAs have also been associated with a range of human diseases, including cancer. Comparative analyses of their functions among these organisms suggest that some of their modes of action appear to be conserved. This highlights the importance of model organisms such as Drosophila, which shares many gene regulatory networks with humans, in understanding lncRNA function and its possible impact in human health. This review discusses some known functions and mechanisms of action of lncRNAs and their implication in human diseases, together with their functional conservation and relevance in Drosophila development.

Two antagonistic effect genes mediate separation of sexes in a fully dioecious plant

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liangjiao Xue ◽  
Huaitong Wu ◽  
Yingnan Chen ◽  
Xiaoping Li ◽  
Jing Hou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Chromosome ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Antagonistic Effect ◽  
Dioecious Plant ◽  
Rna Transcripts ◽  
Non Coding Rna ◽  
Small X ◽  
Androecium Development ◽  
Evolution Of Dioecy ◽  
Long Non Coding Rna

AbstractPlant sex determining systems and sex chromosomes are often evolutionarily young. Here, we present the early stage of sex chromosome in a fully dioecious plant, P. deltoides, by determining separate sequences of the physically small X- and Y-linked regions. Intriguingly, two Y genes are absent from the X counterpart. One gene represses female structures by producing siRNAs that block expression of a gene necessary for development of female structures, via RNA-directed DNA methylation and siRNA-guided mRNA cleavage. The other gene generates long non-coding RNA transcripts that, in males, soak up miRNAs that specifically inhibit androecium development. Transformation experiments in Arabidopsis thaliana show that the two genes affect gynoecium and androecium development independently and antagonistically. Sex determination in the poplar therefore has the properties proposed for the first steps in the evolution of dioecy in flowering plants, with two genes whose joint effects favor close linkage, as is observed in poplar.

scholarly journals Functional impacts of non-coding RNA processing on enhancer activity and target gene expression

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 868-879 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evgenia Ntini ◽  
Annalisa Marsico
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Rna Processing ◽  
Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
Regulatory Elements ◽  
Transcription Unit ◽  
Supporting Evidence ◽  
Enhancer Activity ◽  
Rna Transcripts ◽  
Non Coding Rna ◽  
Long Non Coding Rna

Abstract Tight regulation of gene expression is orchestrated by enhancers. Through recent research advancements, it is becoming clear that enhancers are not solely distal regulatory elements harboring transcription factor binding sites and decorated with specific histone marks, but they rather display signatures of active transcription, showing distinct degrees of transcription unit organization. Thereby, a substantial fraction of enhancers give rise to different species of non-coding RNA transcripts with an unprecedented range of potential functions. In this review, we bring together data from recent studies indicating that non-coding RNA transcription from active enhancers, as well as enhancer-produced long non-coding RNA transcripts, may modulate or define the functional regulatory potential of the cognate enhancer. In addition, we summarize supporting evidence that RNA processing of the enhancer-associated long non-coding RNA transcripts may constitute an additional layer of regulation of enhancer activity, which contributes to the control and final outcome of enhancer-targeted gene expression.

Innate immune responses and type 1 diabetes: A role for a long non-coding RNA?

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (S 01) ◽  
Author(s):  
MP Ashton ◽  
I Tan ◽  
L Mackin ◽  
C Elso ◽  
E Chu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Innate Immune Responses ◽  
Non Coding Rna ◽  
Long Non Coding Rna

Long non-coding RNA expression profiles in human parathyroid tumors

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annamaria Morotti ◽  
Irene Forno ◽  
Valentina Andre ◽  
Andrea Terrasi ◽  
Chiara Verdelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Rna Expression ◽  
Parathyroid Tumors ◽  
Non Coding Rna ◽  
Long Non Coding Rna
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