scholarly journals New to Kazakhstan species of zygomycetes in forest soil of Trans-Ili Alatau and Kungey Alatau

Turczaninowia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 163-170
Author(s):  
Elena V. Rakhimova ◽  
Asem M. Assylbek ◽  
Lyazzat A. Kyzmetova ◽  
Gulnaz Sypabekkyzy ◽  
Zhangeldy Aitymbet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Populus Tremula ◽  
Tien Shan ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Picea Schrenkiana ◽  
Malus Sieversii ◽  
Pure Cultures ◽  
In Trans ◽  
Lichtheimia Corymbifera ◽  
Salix Spp

This article provides data on two species of soil zygomycetes, new to Kazakhstan, found in the rhizosphere of various woody plants in the Trans-Ili and Kungey Alatau (Northern Tien Shan) – Piptocephalis cylindrospora and Lichtheimia corymbifera. P. cylindrospora is an obligate parasite of zygomycetous fungi; in the study area, it was found twice in Kungey Alatau on species Absidia spinosa and Lichtheimia corymbifera in the rhizosphere of Populus tremula. It does not cause a noticeable deterioration in the development of the host. Earlier, in Kazakhstan, only Piptocephalis arrhiza was registered in the rhizosphere of Armeniaca vulgaris, Populus tremula, Picea schrenkiana, Juniperus spp. Lichtheimia corymbifera, previously belonging to the genus Absidia, was recorded in the rhizosphere of Populus tremula in Kungey Alatau and in the rhizosphere of Picea schrenkiana, Salix sp., Crataegus sp. in Trans-Ili Alatau. L. corymbifera is characterized by heights of 1677 m in Kungey Alatau, and from 1516 to 2007 m a. s. l. in Trans-Ili Alatau. Until recently, in Kazakhstan, only a closely related species Absidia spinosa was isolated from the rhizosphere of Malus sieversii, Armeniaca vulgaris, Crataegus spp., Pinus sylvestris, Populus spp., Sorbus tianschanica, Picea schrenkiana, Salix spp. Descriptions of species colonies based on isolated pure cultures, morphological data, information on ecology and distribution are offered. In L. corymbiferacultures, the so-called “self-parasitism” is observed, in which the fungal hyphae colonize sporangiophores, and the latter look like penetrated by hyphae. The sexual stage of both species was not found in our studies.

scholarly journals Morphology and distribution of Aspergillus niger in the forest soils of Zailiysky Alatau (Kazakhstan)

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-54
Author(s):  
Y. V. Rakhimova ◽  
A. M. Assylbek ◽  
B. D. Yermekova ◽  
L. A. Kyzmetova
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Forest Soils ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
Populus Tremula ◽  
Picea Schrenkiana ◽  
Typical Species ◽  
Malus Sieversii

In the Zailiysky Alatau forests, Aspergillus niger is mosty found in the rhizosphere of Picea schrenkiana,much less – in the rhizosphere of Sorbus tianschanica, Malus sieversii and Juniperus spp. In the rhizosphere ofArmeniaca vulgaris, Crataegus spp. and Populus tremula, the fungus was registered once. The morphological features ofdifferent strains of Aspergillus niger do not vary significantly, however, strains 331b and 346b with a low growth rate arecharacterized by smaller sizes of conidial structures. Aspergillus niger is a typical species in the rhizosphere of spruce inconiferous forests at an altitude of 1700–2100 m above sea level and in the rhizosphere of spruce, rowan and juniper injuniper forests above 2300 m above sea level.

Hybridization between the threatened herb Boltonia decurrens (Asteraceae) and its widespread congener, B. asteroides

Botany ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 89 (3) ◽  
pp. 191-201
Author(s):  
Jennifer DeWoody ◽  
John D. Nason ◽  
Marian Smith
Keyword(s):  
Parental Species ◽  
Backcross Progeny ◽  
Illinois River ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Hybrid Origin ◽  
Sympatric Population ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Low Frequencies ◽  
Marker Data ◽  
Boltonia Decurrens

Boltonia decurrens (Torr. & A. Gray) A. Wood is a federally threatened herb endemic to the Illinois River floodplain, and currently restricted to fewer than 25 populations. We tested for hybridization between this species and a widespread congener, Boltonia asteroides (L.) L’Hér., at two sites where they are known to occur in sympatry, by comparing morphological and genetic diversity with an allopatric population of each species. Morphological analyses identified significant differentiation between species. Discriminant classification analysis of the morphological data assigned most individuals to one or the other of the two parental species with high probability (>0.95), with only four plants having an intermediate probability of assignment (<0.90) indicative of hybrid origin. Similarly, likelihood-based methods based on genetic marker data (allozymes) failed to detect the presence of F1 hybrids in either sympatric population and revealed only low frequencies of F2 and backcross progeny. These findings demonstrate that combining morphological and genetic data increases the likelihood of detecting low-scale introgression between closely related species. Even with this combined approach, the low rate of recombination between these species together with their limited sympatry indicate that hybridization does not pose an immediate threat to the genetic integrity of B. decurrens.

Morphological reassessment and new locality records for Galea comes Thomas, 1919 (Rodentia, Caviidae)

Mammalia ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 83 (6) ◽  
pp. 601-609
Author(s):  
Pablo Teta ◽  
María Carolina Madozzo-Jaén ◽  
Alexandra M.R. Bezerra ◽  
Pablo E. Ortiz ◽  
Sergio O. Lucero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Northwestern Argentina ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Distributional Range ◽  
Emended Diagnosis

Abstract The genus Galea Meyen, 1833 includes at least five species of terrestrial, diurnal and herbivorous cavies that occupy grasslands and rocky scrub areas at both high and low elevations in South America. According to the available molecular and morphological data, Galea comes Thomas, 1919 is restricted to highland areas above 2000 m in southern Bolivia and northwestern Argentina. Its distributional range as well as its morphological distinctiveness from other closely related species (Galea leucoblephara and Galea musteloides) is poorly documented. Using both qualitative and quantitative morphological traits, we provided an emended diagnosis for G. comes. In addition, we added six new locality records to its known distribution.

scholarly journals Development of a DNA Macroarray for Detection and Monitoring of Economically Important Apple Diseases

Plant Disease ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 89 (11) ◽  
pp. 1143-1150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Sholberg ◽  
Dan O'Gorman ◽  
Karen Bedford ◽  
C. André Lévesque
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Detection System ◽  
Venturia Inaequalis ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Penicillium Expansum ◽  
Dna Array ◽  
Accurate Identification ◽  
Nylon Membrane ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Pure Cultures

Short DNA gene sequences (oligonucleotides) from the ribosomal spacer regions of bacterial and fungal pathogens were used to identify and monitor economically important apple diseases. The oligonucleotides or probes were attached to a nylon membrane by an amine modified linker arm and arranged in a precise pattern to form an array for detecting five pathogens corresponding to five apple diseases. Initially the specificity of the probes was determined by hybridizing pure cultures of the pathogens to the probes. The DNA array correctly identified Botrytis cinerea, Penicillium expansum, Podosphaera leucotricha, Venturia inaequalis, and Erwinia amylovora and eliminated closely related species. When the array was used to monitor V. inaequalis ascospores collected from spore traps located in orchards, it confirmed the presence of ascospores as predicted by the disease forecasting model. Preliminary tests to quantify P. leucotricha populations using grayscale values was effective to 20 conidia per leaf disk. The DNA array is a promising new detection system for accurate identification of several pathogens in a single test with the potential for being a new tool for epidemiological studies.

New and interesting Chaetomium species from East Africa

1982 ◽  
Vol 60 (7) ◽  
pp. 1253-1262 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Carter ◽  
R. S. Khan
Keyword(s):  
East Africa ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Pure Cultures ◽  
Species Groups

Three new coprophilous Chaetomium species are described and illustrated: C. subcircinatum from Tanzania, C. retardatum from Kenya and Zaire (Congo), and C. multispirale from Kenya, Canada, and Mexico. Many additional records are provided for 13 previously described species and species groups, several of which are redescribed from pure cultures. A comparison of two closely related species, C. globosum and C. coarctatum, is presented.

A Paedomorphocline in Eucalyptus: Natural Variation in the E. risdonii/E. tenuiramis Complex

1991 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 545 ◽  
Author(s):  
RJE Wiltshire ◽  
BM Potts ◽  
JB Reid
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Variation ◽  
Natural Variation ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Leaf Habit ◽  
Juvenile Leaf ◽  
Adult Leaf ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
Fruit Characters

Ontogenetic and morphological variation in 40 natural populations of the closely related species, E. risdonii and E. tenuiramis, were assessed in a multivariate study of juvenile and adult leaf and fruit characters. The present taxonomic separation of the two taxa is based mainly on ontogenetic differences, but this study reveals that the variation between the two taxa in the retention of the juvenile leaf habit is continuous and may represent a paedomorphocline. The morphological data suggest that at least four phenetic groups are required to summarise the morphological variation in the E. risdonii/ E. tenuiramis complex. When ontogenetic variation is removed, the morphological variation between some E. risdonii and some E. tenuiramis populations is also continuous and much smaller than the morphological differences within E. tenuiramis. This suggests that E. risdonii may be the product of relatively recent changes in developmental timing (heterochrony) from E. tenuiramis.

CHROMOSOMES AND RELATIONSHIPS OF KOENIGIA ISLANDICA

1957 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 507-514 ◽  
Author(s):  
Áskell Löve ◽  
Priyabrata Sarkar
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Basic Chromosome Number ◽  
Tien Shan ◽  
Tierra Del Fuego ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
The Family ◽  
High Level ◽  
Isle Of Skye ◽  
Koenigia Islandica

The species Koenigia islandica L. may be assumed to be the most hardy of all annuals, since it occurs at higher altitudes and latitudes than any other therophyte. Its area of distribution, restricted to the Arctic, though with offshoots to some temperate mountains, is practically circumpolar. In Asia, it has long been known from the Tien Shan at about 40° lat. N. In Europe, its southern limits are on the Isle of Skye at about 50° 30′ lat. N., while in North America its southernmost locality was a little north of Jasper in the Canadian Rockies until its discovery a few years ago in Colorado just south of the 40th parallel. A closely related species is known to occur in the southern parts of Tierra del Fuego. Specimens from the Faeroes, Greenland, Iceland, Scandinavia, and Colorado are morphologically and cytologically inseparable, being characterized by the tetraploid chromosome number 2n = 28. Though the genus is usually regarded as mono- or bi-typic, (1) it is pointed out that some species, often included in Polygonum s.lat., really belong to Koenigia in a somewhat wider sense; in addition to morphological similarities, they are characterized by the basic chromosome number x = 7, which is rare in the family and absent in the Polygoneae s.str. (2) It is also emphasized that the division of the Polygonaceae into subfamilies has not been successful since evolutionary highly distinct types are traditionally united in the subfamily Polygonoideae. (3) It is proposed that this subfamily be divided into two large subfamilies at the same time as Koenigia and its closest relatives be treated as a separate taxon at a very high level.

scholarly journals Cyanoboletus macroporus (Boletaceae), a new bolete species from Pakistani forests Samina

Karstenia ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 78-87
Author(s):  
Samina Sarwar ◽  
Arooj Naseer ◽  
Abdul N. Khalid
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Its Region ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Species Number ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Line Drawings ◽  
Unknown Species ◽  
Genus Field ◽  
Comparison Table

<em>Cyanoboletus macroporus</em> belonging to <em>C. pulverulentus</em> species complex is designated as a new species from the moist temperate and sub-alpine oak forests of Pakistan after in depth macroscopic, microscopic and phylogenetic analyses using the ITS region of nrDNA as well as comparison with allied taxa. This species belonging to Boletoid group is morphologically distinguished from allied taxa (<em>Cyanoboletus flavosanguineus</em>, <em>C. hymenoglutinosus</em>, <em>C. pulverulentus</em>, <em>C. rainisii</em>, and <em>C. sinopulverulentus</em>) by wider openings of pores. <em>C. macroporus</em> is also phylogenetically distinct from <em>C. sinopulverulentus</em> and <em>C. pulverulentus</em>, the most closely related species. Phylogenetic analysis outlined the existence of previously unknown species of this genus. Field photographs of fresh basidocarps and line drawings of micro-characters are provided along with a phylogenetic tree as well as a comparison table and a key of distinctive features of all the species in this genus. This is the first authentic species belonging to <em>Cyanoboletus</em> from Pakistan. Previously, only <em>C. pulverulentus</em> has been mentioned in literature, but no morphological data is available regarding this report. With the addition of this taxon, species number of <em>Cyanoboletus</em> will increase to eight. From Pakistan, despite of the fact that there is great diversity of mushrooms in moist temperate areas (Yousaf et al. 2012), this is the first study that describes a species belonging to <em>Cyanoboletus</em> genus. Previously only one ambiguous species, <em>Cyanoboletus pulverulentus</em>, has been mentioned in literature (Iqbal & Khalid 1996), but with no available materials that could confirm this finding. In this study, <em>Cyanoboletus macroporus</em> is described as a new to science and increase the current species number of <em>Cyanoboletus</em> to eight.

scholarly journals Discovery of a Cryptic Species, Erysiphe Salicina Sp. Nov., and Reconstruction of The Phylogeny of Powdery Mildews On Populus and Salix Spp.

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Feng ◽  
Shu-Yan Liu ◽  
Uwe Braun ◽  
Susumu Takamatsu ◽  
Michael Bradshaw ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Cryptic Species ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Rdna Sequences ◽  
Powdery Mildews ◽  
Salix Gracilistyla ◽  
28S Rdna Sequences ◽  
Salix Spp

Abstract Recently performed phylogenetic-taxonomic analyses of species belonging to Erysiphe sect. Uncinula on willows (Salix spp.) demonstrated a much higher diversity than previously assumed. Phylogenetic analyses and morphological examinations of Chinese Erysiphe collections on Salix abscondita (= S. raddeana), S. sinica and S. taraikensis, all belonging to Salix subgen. Vetrix sect. Vetrix, revealed an additional cryptic species in sister position to the E. salicis clade, which is described as Erysiphe salicina. The new species clearly distinguished from all allied species in morphological and genetical results. The phylogeny of the new species and closely related species on Populus and Salix spp. (Salicaceae) was reconstructed and discussed using a combined alignment of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions and 28S rDNA sequences. The present phylogenetic analyses suggest that the recently described E. salicicola (on Salix gracilistyla in South Korea) has to be reduced to synonymy with E. salicis var. salicis-gracilistylae (º Uncinula salicis-gracilistylae).

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