scholarly journals Geneza Łódzkiego Chrześcijańskiego Towarzystwa Dobroczynności

2019 ◽  
pp. 71-84
Author(s):  
Joanna Sosnowska
Keyword(s):  
Expert Knowledge ◽  
Educational Activity ◽  
Income Source ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Theatrical Performances ◽  
Charity Organization ◽  
First Time ◽  
The City ◽  
The Needy ◽  
Christian Denomination

The Łódź Christian Charity Association operated in Łódź in the years 1885-1940. Its origins go back to the year 1877 and are connected with the foundation of the first charity organization in Łódź called “Support Committee for the Poor” (Pol. abbr. KWB). The aim of the Committee, whose initiators recruited mainly from the circles of affluent bourgeoisie, was broadly understood care and social assistance addressed to the impoverished city residents. Membership fees and voluntary donations constituted a primary income source of the organization, although the funds were also raised through theatrical performances, concerts, balls and funds collections. At the onset of its activity, KWB disposed of the amount of almost 15 thousand ruble, collected among the citizens o f the city, whereas the list of the poor compiled in Łódź for the first time comprised 323 persons in need of immediate help. In 1880, the members of the Committee made a decision about the construction of a shelter for the poor, the old and the invalided persons, but the absence of an appropriate legislative act regulating the activity of the organization, prevented the realization of the project. The Statute of the organization was approved of in 1884 by tsar Alexander III. This event completes an eight-year period of operation of the Support Committee for the Poor. The main directions of social, fostering and educational activity laid out by KWB, were embraced by the Łódź Christian Charity Association, whose name was agreed upon in January 1885. A principal aim and task of the organization became eradication of street beggarhood in the city and granting financial support and aid in kind to the poor residents of Christian denomination. The realization of the laid-out aims was supposed to be achieved by opening institutions with expert knowledge in which the needy might find shelter, care, medical assistance and worthy occupation.

scholarly journals System of Trusteeship for Women of Clerical Rank in Tobolsk Diocese in 1820—1830s

2021 ◽  
pp. 385-402
Author(s):  
A. V. Spichak
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Financial Assistance ◽  
Office Work ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Before And After ◽  
State Archives ◽  
The Many ◽  
First Time ◽  
The City ◽  
Selection Of

The question of providing financial assistance to women of clerical rank in the Tobolsk diocese in the 1820—1830s is considered. The results of a comparative analysis of the stages and terms of office work on this issue before and after the opening of the Tobolsk guardianship of the poor are presented. Particular attention is paid to the examination of the petition documents that were compiled in the Tobolsk spiritual consistory from the words of women of clerical rank who applied for financial assistance to the Tobolsk archbishop during this period. The novelty of the research is seen in the fact that the issue under consideration is being studied for the first time on the basis of documents of the Tobolsk spiritual consistory. The documents stored in the State Archives in the city of Tobolsk testify to the existence of a certain algorithm for recording a request, two different established procedures for conducting cases on the charity of female clergymen before and after 1823. The criteria, by which the selection of requests was carried out among the many requests for assistance, were identified. Criteria have been established for choosing between two types of salary — a guardianship allowance and a ten-ruble poorhouse salary. The reasons for the complete denial of support are also named.

The Historical Demography of Renaissance Europe: Recent Research and Current Issues

1989 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 794-811 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. R. Poos
Keyword(s):  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Human Species ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Natural Time ◽  
Counter Reformation ◽  
Moral Universe ◽  
The Government ◽  
The One ◽  
The City ◽  
The Needy

Without the union of man and woman there can be no multiplication of the human species, but the number of these unions alone is not the only prerequisite of this multiplication: it is necessary in addition to bring [children] up with care, and to have the means of supporting them, otherwise they will either die before the natural time or they will be useless and of little value to their country… . How does Constantinople benefit from its populousness if every third year the contagion almost deprives the city of its inhabitants? Plague and disease arise in fact from the closeness and discomfort of the dwellings, the filth and dirt of living conditions and lack of care on the part of the government to keep the cities clean and the air purified, and other similar causes. All these things make it difficult to rear children, and although great numbers are born, comparatively few survive or grow to be men of any value… . Thus of the two conditions conducive to the propagation of the species, generation and upbringing, a high proportion of marriages may help the one but will certainly hinder the other… . It is not sufficient, therefore, for a prince to encourage marriages and fertility if he does not also assist the rearing and upkeep of the young, by charity towards the poor and by helping the needy and those who have not the means to marry their daughters or instruct their sons or to support themselves and their families.Giovanni Botero, Delia ragione di stato (1589)A product of the later Renaissance, a writer on behalf of the Counter Reformation but still “an inhabitant of Machiavelli's moral universe” (Skinner, 1; 249), Botero was remarkably precocious in observing and thinking about population issues and their relationship with economic conditions.

scholarly journals Studi Deskriptif mengenai Motivasi Prososial pada Relawan Komunitas Berbagi Nasi di Kota Bandung

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 197
Author(s):  
Putri Mayangsari Ashar ◽  
Cindy Maria ◽  
Evany Victoriana
Keyword(s):  
Data Processing ◽  
Research Design ◽  
Sampling Methods ◽  
Poor People ◽  
Measuring Instrument ◽  
Prosocial Motivation ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The City ◽  
The Needy ◽  
Selection Of

Komunitas Berbagi Nasi’ is a community that shares activities with the poor people.  Volunteers from ‘Komunitas berbagi nasi’ share rice box to the needy. The purpose of this research is to determine the dominant prosocial motivation in volunteer from ‘Komunitas Berbagi Nasi’ in the city of Bandung. The selection of respondents using the purposive sampling methods, with the number of respondents as many as 45 people. The research design used is descriptive. Measuring instrument used by researchers based on theory prosocial motivation from Reykowsky (1982). Measuring instrument use form of questionnaire in the form of scenario, consisting of 15 items of prosocial motivation. Validation and reliability of measuring instrument using expert validity. The results of data processing shows the type of motivation prosocial dominantly owned by volunteers ‘Komunitas Berbagi Nasi’ in Bandung city, 55,6 % volunteers have intrinsic prosocial motivation, 33,3% volunteers have endocentric prosocial motivation, and 11,1% volunteers have ipsocentric prosocial motivation. In addition, there is tendency of relationship between parenting with prosocial motivation on volunteers ‘Komunitas Berbagi Nasi’. Based on the above results, it is suggested to volunteers ‘Komunitas Berbagi Nasi’ who have intrinsic prosocial motivation to keep this type of prosocial motivation that they already have to be used as the basis for implementing rice sharing activities.

Dissolution and Performing Homogeneous Photocatalysis of Polymeric Carbon Nitride

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chaofeng Huang ◽  
Jing Wen ◽  
Yanfei Shen ◽  
Fei He ◽  
Li Mi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conjugated Polymer ◽  
Carbon Nitride ◽  
Heterogeneous Catalysts ◽  
Methane Sulfonic Acid ◽  
Environment Friendly ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Catalytic Sites ◽  
Homogeneous Photocatalysis ◽  
Polymeric Carbon ◽  
First Time

<a></a><a>As a metal-free conjugated polymer, carbon nitride (CN) has attracted tremendous attention as heterogeneous (photo)catalysts. </a><a></a><a>By following prototype of enzymes, making all catalytic sites of accessible via homogeneous reactions is a promising approach toward maximizing CN activity, but hindered due to </a><a></a><a>the poor insolubility of CN</a>. Herein, we report the dissolution of CN in environment-friendly methane sulfonic acid and the homogeneous photocatalysis driven by CN for the first time with the activity boosted up to 10-times, comparing to the heterogeneous counterparts. Moreover, facile recycling and reusability, the <a>hallmark</a> of heterogeneous catalysts, were kept for the homogeneous CN photocatalyst via reversible precipitation using poor solvents. It opens new vista of CN in homogeneous catalysis and offers a successful example of polymeric catalysts in bridging gaps of homo/heterogeneous catalysis.

HISTORICAL AND CULTURAL EXPERTISE AND THE SOURCES OF THE RUSSIAN WOODEN SCULPTURE "NIKOLA MTSENSKY" ORIGINATION

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 87-100
Author(s):  
M.A. KOMOVA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Context ◽  
First Time ◽  
The City

The purpose of the article is to present the history and the analysis of the Russian wooden sculpture “Nikola Мtsenskiy” results of the examination from Peter and Paul Cathedral in Mtsensk. For the first time, the author conducted a historical and cultural examination of this object for religious purposes. The article defines the historical and cultural context of this object existence, its veneration as a relic, the problem of comparing the “The Legend of the appearance of the miraculous icon of St. Nicholas Wonderworker in the city of Mtsensk” and the preserved sculpture. The author also examines the historical and artistic sources of origin of similar items in the culture of the medieval Moscow state. The author dates the preserved fragment of the sculpture from Mtsensk Peter and Paul Cathedral to the late 1600s.

Delhi in Transition, 1821 and Beyond

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Lived Experience ◽  
English Translation ◽  
East India Company ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
Original Manuscript ◽  
English East India Company ◽  
The Times ◽  
First Time ◽  
The City

Commissioned by the English East India Company to write about contemporary nineteenth-century Delhi, Mirza Sangin Beg walked around the city to capture its highly fascinating urban and suburban extravaganza. Laced with epigraphy and fascinating anecdotes, the city as ‘lived experience’ has an overwhelming presence in his work, Sair-ul Manazil. Sair-ul Manazil dominates the historiography of eighteenth- and nineteenth-century compositions on Delhi in Persian and Urdu, and remains unparalleled in its architecture and detailed content. It deals with the habitations of people, bazars, professions and professionals, places of worship and revelry, and issues of contestation. Over fifty typologies of structures and several institutions that find resonance in the Persian and Ottoman Empires can also be gleaned from Sair-ul Manazil. Interestingly, Beg made no attempt to ‘monumentalize’ buildings; instead, he explored them as spaces reflective of the sociocultural milieu of the times. Delhi in Transition is the first comprehensive English translation of Beg’s work, which was originally published in Persian. It is the only translation to compare the four known versions of Sair-ul Manazil, including the original manuscript located in Berlin, which is being consulted for the first time. It has an exhaustive introduction and extensive notes, along with the use of varied styles in the book to indicate the multiple sources of the text, contextualize Beg’s work for the reader and engage him with the debate concerning the different variants of this unique and eclectic work.

scholarly journals Observations on Palaeogeographical Evolution of Akrotiri Salt Lake, Lemesos, Cyprus

Geosciences ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 321
Author(s):  
Miltiadis Polidorou ◽  
Niki Evelpidou ◽  
Theodora Tsourou ◽  
Hara Drinia ◽  
Ferréol Salomon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Landscape Evolution ◽  
Salt Lake ◽  
Active Tectonics ◽  
Scientific Interest ◽  
Progressive Change ◽  
The Holocene ◽  
Holocene Sediment ◽  
First Time ◽  
The City

Akrotiri Salt Lake is located 5 km west of the city of Lemesos in the southernmost part of the island of Cyprus. The evolution of the Akrotiri Salt Lake is of great scientific interest, occurring during the Holocene when eustatic and isostatic movements combined with local active tectonics and climate change developed a unique geomorphological environment. The Salt Lake today is a closed lagoon, which is depicted in Venetian maps as being connected to the sea, provides evidence of the geological setting and landscape evolution of the area. In this study, for the first time, we investigated the development of the Akrotiri Salt Lake through a series of three cores which penetrated the Holocene sediment sequence. Sedimentological and micropaleontological analyses, as well as geochronological studies were performed on the deposited sediments, identifying the complexity of the evolution of the Salt Lake and the progressive change of the area from a maritime space to an open bay and finally to a closed salt lake.

scholarly journals A Multi-User Interactive Coral Reef Optimization Algorithm for Considering Expert Knowledge in the Unequal Area Facility Layout Problem

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (15) ◽  
pp. 6676
Author(s):  
Lorenzo Salas-Morera ◽  
Laura García-Hernández ◽  
Carlos Carmona-Muñoz
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reef ◽  
Collaborative Design ◽  
Expert Knowledge ◽  
Fitness Function ◽  
Facility Layout ◽  
Layout Problem ◽  
New Strategy ◽  
Problem Instances ◽  
Expert Designer ◽  
First Time

The problem of Unequal Area Facility Layout Planning (UA-FLP) has been addressed by a large number of approaches considering a set of quantitative criteria. Moreover, more recently, the personal qualitative preferences of an expert designer or decision-maker (DM) have been taken into account too. This article deals with capturing more than a single DM’s personal preferences to obtain a common and collaborative design including the whole set of preferences from all the DMs to obtain more complex, complete, and realistic solutions. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that the preferences of more than one expert designer have been considered in the UA-FLP. The new strategy has been implemented on a Coral Reef Optimization (CRO) algorithm using two techniques to acquire the DMs’ evaluations. The first one demands the simultaneous presence of all the DMs, while the second one does not. Both techniques have been tested over three well-known problem instances taken from the literature and the results show that it is possible to obtain sufficient designs capturing all the DMs’ personal preferences and maintaining low values of the quantitative fitness function.

The Chengba site in Quxian County, Sichuan Province

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-68
Keyword(s):  
Central Government ◽  
Local People ◽  
Archaeological Survey ◽  
History Museum ◽  
Social Lives ◽  
Functional Zoning ◽  
The Social ◽  
Bamboo Slips ◽  
First Time ◽  
The City

AbstractIn 2014 through 2018, Sichuan Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology and History Museum of Quxian County conducted a systematic archaeological survey, detection, and excavation to the Chengba site in Quxian County. The excavation uncovered 4,000sq m in total, from which 444 various features were recovered and over 1,000 artifacts were unearthed. The functional zoning of this site has been roughly made clear; the excavations of the western gate and important building foundations of the Guojiatai city site are important archaeological discoveries of the city sites of the Han through Western Jin dynasties, and at the checkpoint site on the waterway of this period was uncovered for the first time in China. The large amounts of bamboo slips and wooden tablets unearthed in the excavation provided important materials for the explorations on the management of the central government of the Han and Jin empires to the administrative areas of commandery and district levels and the social lives of the local people at that time.

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