Global licensing strategies and technology pricing

2004 ◽  
Vol 27 (2/3) ◽  
pp. 295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francis Bidault
Keyword(s):  
Technology Pricing

The risk-based price: incorporating uncertainty and risk attitudes in health technology pricing

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin Kirwin ◽  
Mike Paulden ◽  
Christopher McCabe ◽  
Jeff Round ◽  
Matt Sutton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Technology ◽  
Risk Attitudes ◽  
Technology Pricing

The Problem of Exceeding the Cost of Construction and New Opportunities to Solve it at the Stage of Project Preparation

2018 ◽  
Vol 931 ◽  
pp. 1122-1126
Author(s):  
Sergey G. Oparin
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Process Approach ◽  
Project Design ◽  
Capital Repair ◽  
Saint Petersburg ◽  
Design Production ◽  
Risk Cost ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Cost Of Construction ◽  
Technology Pricing

The article discusses the problem of exceeding the planned cost of construction, sources of origin and ways to manage the risk of the need for additional financing of construction at the stage of project preparation. The possibilities of solving the problem by substantiating the reserve funds for unforeseen works and costs on the basis of the process approach and the digital model of distributed risk assessment are considered. In order to improve the reliability of determining the cost of construction, the dependence of the reserve funds for unforeseen works and costs, risk cost and risk degree is determined. An example is given of substantiating the reserve funds for unforeseen works and costs in the composition of the summary budget calculation of capital repair of the 1st Yelagin bridge over the Srednyaya Nevka river in Saint-Petersburg taking into account project design, production, technology, pricing, contractual and inflationary risk factors.

Will Irrigation Technology, Pricing, or Quotas Ensure Sustainable Water Use?

2018 ◽  
pp. 75-96
Author(s):  
Chris Perry
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Consumption ◽  
Water System ◽  
Political Commitment ◽  
Institutional Reforms ◽  
Irrigation Technology ◽  
Sustainable Water Use ◽  
Local Water ◽  
Improved Technology ◽  
Technology Pricing ◽  
Water Accounts

Irrigation dominates demand in many watershort countries, generating competition, scarcity, and environmental degradation. Remedies require political commitment, laws, institutional reforms and technical interventions, collectively based on physical water accounts that distinguish between nonconsumptive uses that largely return water to the surface or subsurface system environment for reuse, and consumptive uses that remove water from the local water system. Domestic and industrial uses predominate in the former category; irrigation dominates the latter. The most commonly recommended solution to the water crisis, namely improved technology, has the potential to worsen scarcity by increasing both consumption and demand for water. An alternative option, pricing, has nowhere been successfully demonstrated to reduce irrigation demand to sustainable levels. Enforced physical quotas that are consistent with sustainable consumption is the only proven approach, and it is essential that the elements necessary to achieve this are introduced before widespread adoption of ‘hi tech’ irrigation is promoted.

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