scholarly journals Solute–Solute Interaction In α IRON: The Status QUO

2015 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 2061-2068 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Numakura
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Methods ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Quantitative Studies ◽  
Substitutional Solute ◽  
Solute Interaction ◽  
The Status ◽  
Solute Atoms ◽  
Snoek Relaxation

Abstract An overview is presented on the interaction of substitutional solutes with carbon and nitrogen in α iron, which is an important factor in controlling the properties of steels. Starting from a simple model of trapping of the interstitial solute atoms by substitutional solute atoms, the principles of experimental methods for quantitative studies are described, focussing on the Snoek relaxation and solubility measurements, and the knowledge acquired by such experiments is reviewed. An account of recent theoretical approaches to the interaction is also given.

Determination of Substitutional-Interstitial Interaction from Chemical Potentials of Interstitials in the Steel Matrix

2014 ◽  
Vol 922 ◽  
pp. 645-650
Author(s):  
Yao V. Shan ◽  
Jiří Svoboda ◽  
Franz Dieter Fischer ◽  
E. Kozeschnik
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Potential ◽  
Steel Matrix ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Chemical Potentials ◽  
Substitutional Solute ◽  
Different Depths ◽  
Solute Atoms ◽  
The One ◽  
Trapping Sites

The interaction between interstitially diffusing atoms and substitutional solute atoms, acting as trapping sites, causes a non-negligible influence on the diffusion process itself and, consequently, on many aspects of alloys, such as phase transformations, solubility, precipitation of carbides and nitrides etc. The most important quantity in this treatment is the so-called trapping enthalpy (depth of trap), which has been used in several approaches in literature over the last century. However, the determination of the trapping enthalpy so far relies on approximations or assumptions on the one hand (statistical approaches, quasi chemical approach) or is significantly limited due to high complexity (ab initio approaches) on the other hand. The model introduced in this paper illustrates a rigorous and efficient thermodynamically-based concept utilizing only the dependence of the chemical potential of the interstitial component on the chemical composition of the alloy. Such a dependency is available in a very precise form from CALPHAD thermodynamic databases. Using the most recent databases available, the trapping enthalpies of carbon and nitrogen at various solute atoms (trapping sites) are evaluated for austenitic and ferritic steels. Good agreement with previous literature results is observed. The flexibility of the concept allows also for the treatment of trapping in a multi-component system, where different types of solute atoms are responsible for different depths of traps.

2. Inquiry, Refusal, and Virtuous Resistance in the Anthropocene

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-64
Author(s):  
AARON M. KUNTZ
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Methods ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
The Other ◽  
Liminal Space ◽  
The Status ◽  
Inquiry Practices ◽  
The One

In this essay, I consider practices of inquiry as strategies of refusal and intervention amidst the Anthropocene. I argue that characteristics of the Anthropocene create unique opportunities for employments of inquiry as a politics of refusal even as they manufacture additional mechanisms for governance in our contemporary era. I situate inquiry as necessarily located in a liminal space, operating at the limits of convention, with the aim of creating that which normative logics of governance cannot anticipate. Inquiry entangles context with concept, drawing from the one to imprint the other. Next, I situate contemporary inquiry practices as necessarily entangled with the experimental methods employed by the Cynics, whom Foucault interpreted as living experimental critiques of the status quo through a position of radical exteriority. Lastly, I call for a repositioning of inquiry as a practice of virtuous refusal, an ethically-engaged form of resistance within the contemporary moment of the Anthropocene.

Experimental methods in entrepreneurship research: the status quo

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 958-983 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sascha Kraus ◽  
Fabian Meier ◽  
Thomas Niemand
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Experimental Methods ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Entrepreneurship Research ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
The Status ◽  
Insight Into

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the emerging field of experimental research on entrepreneurship to better understand its development and potential. Design/methodology/approach A systematic, evidence-based literature review was applied, resulting in a sample of 47 articles having used experiments in entrepreneurship research so far. The papers are analyzed according to their topic, methods, and research design, revealing insight into their limitations and prospective contributions. Findings The paper discusses the potential and disadvantages of experimental methods while arguing for experiments as the method of choice for answering causality questions. This study finds a persistent increase in experimental entrepreneurship research since its introduction in 1990. Research limitations/implications The study provides research from the field of entrepreneurship with future directions, with potential research areas and an orientation for those interested in conducting experiments. Originality/value Experiments are employed in a variety of research areas and have become more and more popular in the field of entrepreneurship. No study has analyzed the experimental studies in entrepreneurship. This paper contributes by providing an overview of the field, reflecting and discussing the outcomes while characterizing the methods employed.

Prejudice toward immigrant groups: How perceptions of ingroup discrimination moderate the effect of challenges to the status quo

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amber L. Garcia ◽  
Michael T. Schmitt ◽  
Naomi Ellemers ◽  
Nyla R. Branscombe
Keyword(s):  
Status Quo ◽  
The Status
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