scholarly journals Long-Term Borrowing and Intergenerational Redistribution of Public Debt. The Case of Central and Eastern EU Member States

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 197-210
Author(s):  
Tomasz Uryszek
Keyword(s):  
Public Debt ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Future Generation ◽  
Main Theme ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
Member States ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
European Central ◽  
Intergenerational Redistribution

AbstractThe paper analyses the burden on the future generation resulting from the need to repay public debt in Central and Eastern EU Member States. The main theme is accompanied by the following research hypothesis: imbalance in public finances makes public authorities use long-term government securities more intensely. The hypothesis was verified based on the analysis of statistical data from Eurostat, European Central Bank and the OECD.

scholarly journals Long-term Sustainability Of Public Finance In The Central And Eastern EU Member States

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 47-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomasz Uryszek
Keyword(s):  
Public Finance ◽  
Public Debt ◽  
European Central Bank ◽  
Structural Level ◽  
Member States ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
European Central ◽  
Directorate General ◽  
Research Period

The main goal of this article is to investigate the level of long-term sustainability of public finance in the Central and Eastern EU Member States. This aim is accompanied by the following hypothesis: an inability to generate primary surpluses and significantly growing public debt volumes prevent the attainment of sustainability in the area of public finance. The research method is based on GDP and public debt growth rates, as well as on the values of discounted primary fiscal balances at the actual and structural level. The research period covers the years 2000-2014. Data were taken from Eurostat, the European Commission's Directorate General for Economic and Financial Affairs and the European Central Bank.

scholarly journals The macroeconomic aspects of sport in Europe: a cross-country comparison

2020 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-211
Author(s):  
Mariola Mamcarczyk ◽  
Magdalena Szyszko
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Data ◽  
Value Added ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
Member States ◽  
Household Spending ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Economic Significance ◽  
Data Collections

In this paper we aim to investigate the importance of the sports sector of the economy for macrolevel performance in the European Union Member States. The problem that we address is worthy of research focus as sport is a dynamically  expanding and important sector of the economy. The increasing importance of sport in national economies cannot be fully analysed due to the lack of sufficient statistical data. In this paper, we provide a comparison of the Eurostat sports collections results and Sport Satellite Account-based examination of the contribution of sport to the GDP and value added. The analysis of statistical data is preceded by a description of the sports sector measurement. We establish that the contribution of sport is more remarkable for developed economies, however it has also been increasing over time in other EU Member States. This can be observed for employment, changes in enterprises’ statistics, and international trade. Household spending on sports goods and services also increases even if the Great Recession led to a downturn in sport consumption in some countries. The frequency and coherence of sports data collections related to its economic significance is not satisfactory. The issue needs to be given a higher priority by public authorities.

scholarly journals EQUALITY OF OPPORTUNITY BETWEEN MEN AND WOMEN ON THE LABOUR MARKET – THE GENDER PAY GAP WITHIN THE EU MEMBER STATES

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oana Ancuţa Stângaciu
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Equality Of Opportunity ◽  
Gender Pay Gap ◽  
Pay Gap ◽  
Member States ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Indirect Discrimination ◽  
The Eu

The actions taken for the promotion of the equality of opportunity between men and women and for eliminating the direct or the indirect discrimination apply to the field of employment as well as to the field of education, health, culture, information and the participation in the decision making process. Starting from one of the objectives of the Strategy for the equality of opportunity, being aware of the real situation of women participation compared to men participation to the economical and social life, this analysis offers a perspective on the equality of opportunity between men and women in the field of employment, seen based on the statistical data. Thus, in order to quantify this phenomenon using methods specific to the statistical analysis, we used the gender pay gap indicator pertaining to the EU member states per total economy, as well as per economical activities, and the research results show that on the EU level there are still significant gender pay gaps.

EU Migration Policy: Evolving Ideas of Responsibility and Protection

2010 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma Haddad
Keyword(s):  
Forced Migration ◽  
Migration Policy ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Common European Asylum System ◽  
The Eu

AbstractWhile humanitarian intervention in cases of state instability remains a disputed concept in international law, there is consensus in the international community over the need to provide protection to refugees, one of the corollaries of such instability. Using the European Union (EU) as a case study, this article takes a policy perspective to examine competing conceptions of both 'responsibility' and 'protection' among EU Member States. Responsibility can be seen either as the duty to move refugees around the EU such that each Member State takes its fair share, or the duty to assist those Member States who receive the highest numbers of migrants due to geography by way of practical and financial help. Similarly, protection can imply that which the EU offers within its boundaries, encompassed within the Common European Asylum System, or something broader that looks at where people are coming from and seeks to work with countries of origin and transit to provide protection outside the Union and tackle the causes of forced migration. Whether one or both of these concepts comes to dominate policy discourse over the long-term, the challenge will be to ensure an uncompromised understanding of protection among policy-makers.

scholarly journals General government deficit and public debt in EU member states

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 29-41
Author(s):  
Michał Wielechowski
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Public Debt ◽  
Budget Deficit ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
Public Finances ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
General Government ◽  
Government Deficit ◽  
The Eu

The aim of this article is the presentation and the attempt to analyse such phenomena as: an excessive general government deficit and public debt in EU Member States over the past 3 years. For the European Union the years 2008-2010 were the time when public finances of most member countries worsened dramatically. The average budget deficit in the EU increased during that period to a value of almost 7% compared to gross domestic product and public debt reached almost 80% of GDP. Referring the numbers to the principles of the budgetary policy in the Treaty on the European Union (the deficit should not exceed 3% in relation to GDP and public debt – 60% of GDP), the observance of budgetary discipline has been significantly violated. In consequence, the excessive deficit procedure has been initiated. in relation to almost all the countries of the EU, Its purpose was to force the member countries to take concrete actions to stabilize public finances. The economic crisis that began in the second half of 2007 in the United States of America which resulted in a significant deterioration of the finances of all the EU member countries might be regarded as the major source of violation of their budgetary discipline. The reactions of most governments TO the harmful effects caused by the financial crisis were to stimulate national economies and stem the decline of domestic demand. The higher level of public expenditures was simultaneously the cause of increased budget deficits,. To develop and present the problem of an excessive budget deficit and public debt in the EU countries some statistical methods were used and the data source statistics were mainly carried out by the European Commission and the European Statistical Office.

scholarly journals Imbalance of the public finance in the context of Keynesian and Non-Keynesian effects of fiscal policy limitation

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 27-32
Author(s):  
Joanna Stawska
Keyword(s):  
Public Finance ◽  
Economic Growth ◽  
Fiscal Policy ◽  
Public Debt ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Gdp Growth ◽  
The Public ◽  
Methods Of Analysis ◽  
Restrictive Policy

The purpose of this article is to point out the importance of the size of public debt and deficit in the context of Keynesian and non-Keynesian effects of fiscal policy limitation. To achieve this objective primarily were used methods of analysis of the available literature and presentation of statistical data. Considerations include, among others, the presentation of public debt and deficit in the context of economic growth. Expansionary fiscal policy often caused by economic fluctuations contributes to the deepening of public finance imbalance with frequent decline in GDP growth. The restrictive policy has an influence on improving the situation of the public finance sector in the long-term with at least moderate economic growth.

scholarly journals The democratisation of European nature governance 1992–2015: introducing the comparative nature governance index

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzanne Kingston ◽  
Zizhen Wang ◽  
Edwin Alblas ◽  
Micheál Callaghan ◽  
Julie Foulon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Environmental Governance ◽  
Environmental Law ◽  
Eu Law ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
Member States ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Aarhus Convention ◽  
Over Time ◽  
The Eu

AbstractEuropean environmental governance has radically transformed over the past two decades. While traditionally enforcement of environmental law has been the responsibility of public authorities (public authorities of the EU Member States, themselves policed by the European Commission), this paradigm has now taken a democratic turn. Led by changes in international environmental law and in particular the UNECE Aarhus Convention (UNECE, United Nations Economic Commission for Europe Convention (1998). Convention on access to information, public participation in decision-making and Access to Justice in Environmental Matters (the Aarhus Convention), signed on June 25, 1998.), EU law now gives important legal rights to members of the public and environmental non-governmental organisations (“ENGOs”) to become involved in environmental governance, by means of accessing environmental information, participating in environmental decision-making and bringing legal proceedings. While doctrinal legal and regulatory scholarship on this embrace of “bottom-up” private environmental governance is now substantial, there has been relatively little quantitative research in the field. This article represents a first step in mapping this evolution of environmental governance laws in the EU. We employ a leximetrics methodology, coding over 6000 environmental governance laws from three levels of legal sources (international, EU and national), to provide the first systematic data showing the transformation of European environmental governance regimes. We develop the Nature Governance Index (“NGI”) to measure how the enforcement tools deployed in international, EU and national law have changed over time, from the birth of the EU’s flagship nature conservation law, the 1992 Habitats Directive (Directive 92/43/EEC). At the national level, we focus on three EU Member States (France, Ireland and the Netherlands) to enable a fine-grained measurement of the changes in national nature governance laws over time. This article introduces our unique datasets and the NGI, describes the process used to collect the datasets and its limitations, and compares the evolution in laws at the international, EU and national levels over the 23-year period from 1992–2015. Our findings provide strong empirical confirmation of the democratic turn in European environmental governance, while revealing the significant divergences between legal systems that remain absent express harmonisation of the Aarhus Convention’s principles in EU law. Our data also set the foundations for future quantitative legal research, enabling deeper analysis of the relationships between the different levels of multilevel environmental governance.

scholarly journals Analiza pojedinih statističkih pokazatelja učinkovitosti hrvatskog građanskog pravosuđa

2021 ◽  
Vol 71 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 533-566
Author(s):  
Marko Mećar ◽  
Keyword(s):  
European Commission ◽  
Clearance Rate ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Lower Efficiency ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Statistical Indicators ◽  
Different Parts ◽  
Disposition Time

The intention of this paper is to provide an analysis of certain statistical indicators regarding the efficiency of the Croatian civil judiciary, since efficiency is one of the most important aspects of the judiciary. After a brief overview of different statistical indicators which may be used to measure the efficiency of the judiciary, this paper focuses on the analysis of the statistical indicators disposition time (hereinafter: DT) and clearance rate (hereinafter: CR), used by the European Commission for the Efficiency of Justice (hereinafter: CEPEJ) and the statistical indicators regarding the number of unresolved cases, the number of judges and the number of resolved cases per judge published by the ministry competent for the judiciary. Although CEPEJ’s statistical indicators should be used cautiously due to methodological inconsistencies in the data, the paper concludes that these statistical indicators are useful to the extent that they can point to structural flaws in the judiciary system or can point to a trend of rise or decline in the judiciary’s efficiency. The central part of the paper focuses on the analysis of the DT and CR statistical indicators for the Croatian judiciary in general and compares it to the DT and CR statistical indicators for the judiciaries in other EU Member States. Further, the paper analyzes the statistical data published by the ministry competent for the judiciary regarding the number of unresolved cases, the number of judges and the number of resolved cases per judge, drawing conclusions therefrom on the efficiency of different parts of the Croatian judiciary. Also, historical statistical data published by the ministry competent for the judiciary are analyzed to show whether systematic problems in efficiency of concrete parts of the judiciary exist, as opposed to short-term efficiency shortfalls. The paper also highlights the lack of adequate, publicly available statistical data on the efficiency of the judiciary which limits the possibility of reaching a conclusion on the causes for such lower efficiency. The paper concludes that, taking into consideration the publicly available data, it is possible to reach conclusions as to which parts of the judiciary have lower efficiency, those being litigation procedures, especially before first instance municipal courts. However, there are no publicly available data that would show the causes for the lower efficiency of these parts of the judiciary, even though public authorities have means at their disposal to obtain and publish such relevant data. Such practice by public authorities hinders further efforts of the interested public to focus the discussion on the real causes for the lower efficiency of the Croatian judiciary and ultimately, on the necessary reforms aimed at increasing its efficiency.

scholarly journals Public Debt under Financial Crisis in the New EU Member States

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 153-162
Author(s):  
Tomasz Uryszek
Keyword(s):  
Public Debt ◽  
Debt Management ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Debt Structure ◽  
Member States ◽  
The Public ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Public Debt Management ◽  
Management Institutions ◽  
The Eu

Abstract With the growing imbalance of public sectors in the EU Member States, the public debt in the countries increased too. Public debt management institutions face the task of choosing the optimal debt structure in order to minimize the negative effects for the economy. This article sets out to determine changes in the public debt structure in the EU Member States during economic crisis. It consists of four sections. Section one deals with public debt management under crisis conditions. In the next sections, the term, currency and lender structure of public debt in the new Member States are analysed and discussed. The last section presents major conclusions from the research.

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