scholarly journals Ultrasonographic Examination of Some Vessels in Dogs and the Characteristics of Blood Flow in These Vessels

2017 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 44-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Figurová ◽  
V. Kulinová
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Flow Pattern ◽  
Pulsatility Index ◽  
Doppler Ultrasonography ◽  
Reverse Flow ◽  
Resistive Index ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Healthy Dogs ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Typical Picture

Abstract The examination by Doppler ultrasonography provides haemodynamic information about blood flow velocity in a respective vessel. It specifies high- and lowresistance flow patterns. The aim of our study was to record the flow in a. carotis communis, a. femoralis and aa. renales in 16 adult clinically healthy dogs of small and medium size; characterize the types of vessels and also determine the pulsatility index (PI) and the resistive index (RI) of these vessels. The a. femoralis is a high-resistance vessel with a pronounced three-peak waveform. The aa. renales gives a typical picture of a low-resistance flow pattern. The characteristics of a. carotis communis involves different images of its branches a. carotis interna and a. carotis externa. In the investigated groups we observed a medium degree of pulsatility (atypical highresistance flow pattern with an absence of reverse flow). The mean measured values of indices for a. carotis communis were: left side PI 1.824 and RI 0.742; right side PI 1.891 and RI 0.746, and for aa. renales: PI 1.366 ± 0.04 and RI 0.684 ± 0.05.

scholarly journals Resistive index of retinal arterial blood flow in type-II diabetics without retinopathy

2015 ◽  
Vol 47 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 7-11
Author(s):  
Mashah Binte Amin ◽  
Khaleda Parvin Rekha ◽  
Farzana Shegufta ◽  
Md Towhidur Rahman ◽  
Nafisa Abedin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Flow Velocity ◽  
Doppler Ultrasonography ◽  
Resistive Index ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Type Ii Diabetics ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Retinal Artery ◽  
The Mean

Diabetic retinopathy is a vascular disorder affecting the microvasculature of retina. It is caused by changes in the blood vessels of retina. If untreated, it may lead to blindness. Therefore if diagnosed and treated promptly, blindness is usually preventable. In ophthalmology, Colour Doppler Imaging is a new method that enables us to assess the orbital vasculature. Duplex color Doppler ultrasonography is the investigation of choice to assess retinal arterial flow velocities very quickly without any invasive procedure for qualitative and quantitative assessment of blood flow velocities. This study was performed to observe the difference between Doppler flow velocity indices of retinal artery in Type-II Diabetics subjects without retinopathy and those of normal control subjects. This case-control study was carried out in the Radiology department, BIRDEM for two years. All the selected subjects underwent Duplex Doppler ultrasonography of both eyes using 5 to 7.5 MHz linear phase transducer. Findings included spectral analysis, those were PSV, EDV and RI. Unpaired ttest was done to compare blood flow velocity indices of retinal artery in type-II diabetic patients without retinopathy and that of healthy control adult subjects and a P value <0.05 was taken as significant. Majority (42.5%) of patients were in 4th decade in diabetic subjects with male predominant, which was 58.7%. The mean duration of diabetes was 4.56 + 2.1 years. In the current study, it was found that the mean resistive index (RI) in 80 diabetic patients without retinopathy was (0.75 + 0.04) ranging 0.66-0.81. And that of 80 healthy subjects was (0.64 + 0.02) ranging 0.600.70.1n this study the mean differences of retinal arterial RI in diabetic eyes without retinopathy and healthy control eyes was statistically significant (p<0-05) in unpaired 't' test. From the result of present study it can be concluded that, there is statistically significant increased retinal arterial resistivity index of type-II diabetic patients without retinopathy. Higher RI in type-II diabetics may predict the early haemodynamic changes in the retinal artery of these patients before the clinical onset of retinopathy. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bmjk.v47i1-2.22555 Bang Med J (Khulna) 2014; 47 : 7-11

scholarly journals Dopplerfluxometria da artéria femoral de cães adultos hígidos (Canis lupus familiaris)

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Ivan Felismino Charas Dos Santos ◽  
Letícia Rocha Inamassu ◽  
Sheila Canevese Rahal ◽  
Maria Jaqueline Mamprim ◽  
David José De Castro Martins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Femoral Artery ◽  
Pulsatility Index ◽  
Normal Values ◽  
Peak Systolic Velocity ◽  
Resistive Index ◽  
Resistivity Index ◽  
Diastolic Velocity ◽  
Healthy Dogs ◽  
The Right

Background: In Veterinary Medicine, there are several methods for early and accurate assessment of blood flow dynamics. The Dopplerfluxometry can access the peak systolic velocity, mean velocity and end diastolic velocity, including Resistive Index and Pulsatility Index. Normal values of Dopplerfluxometry in healthy dogs allow the identification of vascular abnormalities and authors’ knowledge there are no reference regarding the values of Dopplerfluxometry of the femoral artery in healthy dogs. The aim of the study was to assess the femoral Dopplerfluxometry of adult healthy dogs by Resistive Index, Pulsatility Index, systolic and diastolic velocities, and femoral artery diameter.Materials, Methods & Results: Eighteen healthy intact beagle dogs, male and female, aging from 2 to 4 years old (mean ± SD: mean 3 ± 0.8 years), weighing from 10.1-17.9 kg [22.3-39.5 lb] [mean ± SD: 14.3 ± 2.7 kg (31.5 ± 5.96 lb)] were used. The dogs underwent to physical examination, complete blood cell count, serum biochemistry examination urinalysis, and radiographs examination, muscular and cardiac evaluation. Females had to be in anestrous. All dogs were submitted to right femoral artery Dopplerfluxometry. The dogs were positioned in dorsal recumbency by one person without any chemical restraint. A high definition ultrasound device equipped with a 3 - 13 MHz multi-frequency linear transducer was used. The right femoral artery was identified with the transducer positioned transversely on the right triangle femoral area. Peak systolic velocity, end-diastolic velocity was measured. The Resistivity Index and Pulsatility Index were calculated automatically by the ultrasound machine software. Three measurements were obtained with the Doppler spectrum. The values of peak systolic velocity, end-diastolic velocity, Resistivity Index, Pulsatility Index and femoral artery diameter were expressed as Mean ± Standard Deviation (SD).Discussion: No studies regarding to femoral artery Dopplerfluxometry in healthy dogs were found in the literature. These results can be used as normal reference values of Dopplerfluxometric parameters for adult dogs. The literature cited only Dopplerfluxometric values of renal arteries, abdominal aorta and of the internal thoracic artery. The normal values of arterial Dopplerfluxometry is necessary to identify the spectral quantitative characteristics of the blood flow for diagnosis and prognosis of vascular diseases. Authors referred to changes in blood perfusion by Dopplerfluxometry examination, but no changes in B-mode ultrasonography. The femoral Resistivity Index values can be used to correlate the postoperative evolution in dogs submitted to femoral bone, hip and knee surgeries, since Dopplerfluxometry allows blood flow assessment in the femoral region muscles. Changes in the heart rate, blood pressure, stress, exercise, and diseases as hypotension, renal lesion, hepatic diseases, diabetes, hyperadrenocorticism can change the Dopplerfluxometric parameters. All dogs which used in this study were clinically healthy, and were used beagle dogs due to lowest variations within breed. Sedation was avoid due to possible changes in Dopplerfluxometric parameters since the use of sedation or tranquilization in animals is strongly discussed due to possible hemodynamic changes that may occur during the examination. In conclusion, the mean values of the right femoral artery Dopplerfluxometry in male and female adult healthy dogs is Resistivity Index (0.887); Pulsatility Index (1.599); peak systolic velocity (124.41 cm/s), end-diastolic velocity (14.12 cm/s), femoral artery diameter (3.9 mm).

scholarly journals Resistive Index of Intrarenal Artery in Evaluation of Diabetic Nephropathy

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 125-130
Author(s):  
Mahbuba Shirin ◽  
Mofazzal Sharif ◽  
Ayeshna Gurung ◽  
Anindita Datta
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Diabetic Nephropathy ◽  
Serum Creatinine ◽  
Renal Dysfunction ◽  
Doppler Ultrasonography ◽  
Resistive Index ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type I ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Duplex Doppler

Diabetes mellitus is one of the systemic diseases affecting the kidneys. Diabetic nephropathy is a serious microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus. It is the most important cause of death in type I diabetic patients, of whom 30%-40% eventually develop end-stage renal failure and 40% of type II diabetics are at risk of developing diabetic nephropathy. So, diagnosis of diabetic nephropathy is paramount for the survivability of the diabetic patients not only because of the consequences of renal progression but also because of the strong association with the risk of developing cardiovascular disease. A total number of 53 subjects were enrolled in this present cross sectional study in the department of Radiology and Imaging, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU) in collaboration of Nephrology and Medicine of the same institution during two years (2011-13) aim to evaluate the diagnostic usefulness of renal resistive index (RI) by duplex Doppler ultrasonography for detection of renal dysfunction in diabetic patients. Clinically diagnosed diabetic patients having diabetic nephropathy referred to the department of Radiology and Imaging in BSMMU for ultrasonography of Kidneys, Ureters and Bladder (KUB) region or whole abdomen were selected as sample. Biochemical reports (Serum creatinine and Urinary albumin) and the RI value of intrarenal artery were correlated and analyzed. Only those patients biochemically were diagnosed as having diabetic nephropathy was included. Those with incomplete data, hydro nephrosis and renal calculus were excluded. Both the kidneys were visualized by commercially available real time scanner (GE Voluson) equipped with a curvilinear transducer operating at 3.5 MHz First Gray scale ultrasonography was done followed by Color Doppler of intra renal artery and then RI was measured. Majority (45.3%) patients were in 6th decade with the mean age was of 52.66±7.4 years and ranging from 38 to 65 years in patients. Male was found to be 54.7% of diabetic patients with male to female ratio 1.2:1. Resistive index of (? 0.7) was found in 73.6% patients with diabetes with the mean resistive index of 0.71±0.04. Positive correction between resistive index with serum creatinine (r=0.581, p<0.01) and albuminuria (r=0.725, p<0.01) were observed. It can be concluded that Resistive Index measured by duplex Doppler ultrasonography is useful diagnostic modality for detection of renal dysfunction in diabetic nephropathy patients. Resistive Index has value in identifying diabetic patients who are developing nephropathy and can be used as an additional diagnostic tool. Also it is well correlated with Serum Creatinine and Albuminuria which are the biochemical parameters to diagnose diabetic nephropathy.

scholarly journals Longitudinal prospective observational type study about determinants of renal resistive index variations in chronic renal failure patients treated with conventional medical and dietetic therapy

2017 ◽  
Vol 89 (4) ◽  
pp. 305
Author(s):  
Simone Brardi ◽  
Gabriele Cevenini ◽  
Vanni Giovannelli ◽  
Giuseppe Romano
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Doppler Ultrasonography ◽  
Urinary Albumin Excretion ◽  
Resistive Index ◽  
Renal Resistive Index ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Renal Doppler Ultrasonography ◽  
Renal Doppler

Objective: This longitudinal prospective observational type study was conceived with the aim to examine the impact on renal resistive index (RRI) of the variables that we can manipulate with therapeutic and or dietetic interventions in a chronic kidney disease population in order to known which of these variables was statistically related to changes in RRI and therefore could become the object of the greatest therapeutic effort. Material and methods: This study was undertaken between May 2016 to May 2017 in the outpatient nephrology and urology clinic of San Donato Hospital in Arezzo. The study population (84 patients: 47 males and 37 females) was randomly selected among the chronic kidney patients (with various degrees of renal impairment) affected by hypertension and or diabetes mellitus. After a comprehensive medical examination these patients were submitted to determination of serum creatinine, glycated hemoglobin, 24-hour urinary albumin excretion and finally renal Doppler ultrasonography. Then the patients were submitted to a full therapeutic and dietetic intervention to ameliorate the renal impairment by a wide range of actions and after on average a one-year interval were submitted again to a new medical examination and a second determination of serum creatinine, glycated hemoglobin, 24-hour urinary albumin excretion and a new renal Doppler ultrasonography too. Results: The comparison between basal and final data revealed a slight reduction in the mean of bilateral renal resistance indices (Delta RRI: -0.0182 ± 0.08), associated to a slight increase in the mean glomerular filtration rate (Delta GFR: 0.8738 ± 10.95 ml/min/1.73 m2), a reduction in mean body weight (Delta weight: -1.9548 ± 5.26 Kg) and mean BMI (Delta BMI: -0.7643 ± 2.10 Kg/m2) as well as a reduction in the mean systolic blood pressure (Delta systolic blood pressure: -8.8333 ± 25.19 mmHg). Statistical analysis showed statistically significant correlations (p < 0.05) between Delta RRI and Delta weight (p < 0.03), Delta BMI (p < 0.02) and Delta systolic blood pressure (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Despite the many limitations the our study clearly identifies the targets (yet widely known) to act on to prevent kidney alterations related to RRI and provides further evidence, if any, of the utility of RRI as a key parameter in monitoring patients with chronic renal failure and as a valuable tool to drive the clinical efforts to contrast the kidney disease.

scholarly journals Systolic blood pressure of dogs at hospital and domestic environment

2012 ◽  
Vol 42 (7) ◽  
pp. 1242-1248
Author(s):  
Frederico Aécio Carvalho Soares ◽  
Elisa Barp Neuwald ◽  
Verônica Santos Mombach ◽  
Ana Elize Ribeiro D'Avila ◽  
Francisco de Oliveira Conrado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Doppler Ultrasonography ◽  
Serum Cortisol ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Healthy Dogs ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Veterinary Hospital ◽  
At Home

The measurement of blood pressure (BP) is an important assessment of the cardiovascular system, being influenced by physical and pathological conditions. Certain situations of stress and anxiety during BP measurement can lead to elevated values in small animals, known in medicine as "white coat effect". The aim of this research was to compare systolic blood pressure (SBP) measurement using Doppler ultrasonography in 45 adult healthy dogs in two environments, at a veterinary hospital and at home. Comparison of heart rate, serum concentrations of cortisol and glucose intended to help the evaluation of the stress level of the animals. The mean of SBP at the veterinary hospital was 154.7mmHg and it was significantly (P<0.01) higher than at home (136.3mmHg). It was also observed that HR (mean=122.7bpm), and serum cortisol (median=4.5µg dL-1) and glucose (mean=95.9mg dL-1) concentrations were significantly higher (P<0.01) at the hospital, when compared with values obtained at home (109.6bpm; 1.5µg dL-1 and 85.5mg dL-1, respectively). In conclusion, the environment can influence SBP in dogs, due to factors related to stress.

scholarly journals Comparative study of colour Doppler vs. FNNAC findings in WHO grade II thyroid enlargement in adult females

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 1025
Author(s):  
Sudhakar Rao M. S. ◽  
Navneeth T. P. ◽  
John C. J.
Keyword(s):  
Pulsatility Index ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Resistive Index ◽  
Colour Doppler ◽  
Who Grade ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Thyroid gland disorders form one of the most common endocrinal and surgical problems encountered in clinical practice. FNNAC is widely accepted as the primary and better method than FNAC for investigation but has its disadvantages. Colour Doppler is a non-invasive, low cost, easily available and repeatable investigation with least patient discomfort and can be valuable in detection of benign and malignant thyroid enlargements.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> Forty cases of adult females with WHO grade 2 thyroid enlargement attending the department of otorhinolaryngology selected on simple random basis were included in this study. Following written consent, Colour Doppler scanning and FNNAC test were done on the thyroid swelling and the results were analysed.  </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> The mean age of patients was 32.44 years. The mean age of malignancy was 44.66 years and showed statistically significant association. The Resistive and Pulsatility index and combination of both were found to have statistically significant results in detecting malignant and benign lesions The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of RI and PI were 83.33%, 94.12%, 71.43%, 96.97% and 50%, 94.12%, 60% and 91.43% respectively. On combining both the indices, the sensitivity was 91.67% and the positive predictive value was 97.06%.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Colour Doppler can differentiate between benign and malignant thyroid enlargements using Resistive index (of&gt;0.75) and Pulsatility Index (of&gt;1.5) and can be a complementary diagnostic tool in the thyroid enlargement lesions, considering its accuracy, cost-effectiveness, easy availability and non-invasive repeatable nature.</p>

Portal and splanchnic haemodynamics in patients with advanced post-hepatitic cirrhosis and in healthy adults

1998 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 152-156
Author(s):  
H. Dinç ◽  
A. Sari ◽  
H. Resit Gümele ◽  
N. Cihanyurdu ◽  
A. Baki
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Portal Vein ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Resistive Index ◽  
Venous Blood Flow ◽  
Blood Flows ◽  
Portal Venous Blood Flow ◽  
Portal Venous Blood ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Duplex Doppler

Purpose: to assess portal and splanchnic haemodynamics, and splanchnic vascular resistance in patients with advanced post-hepatitic cirrhosis and in healthy volunteers, by means of duplex Doppler ultrasound (US) Material and Methods: the duplex Doppler US examination was performed in 16 patients with cirrhosis and in 24 healthy volunteers. We investigated vessel diameters, mean flow velocities, and mean blood flows in the portal vein, the superior mesenteric artery (SMA), and the splenic artery (SA), and measured the resistive index values of SMA and SA Results: the mean portal venous blood flow in patients with cirrhosis (829 ± 264 ml/min) was not statistically different from those in the volunteers (734 ± 194 ml/min). the ratio of the SMA and SA blood flows (621 ml/min) to the portal venous blood flow (734 ml/min) was 0.85 in the control subjects. the mean portal venous blood flow (1261 ml/min) and the portal venous velocity (14.6 cm/s) were higher in the patients with recanalized para-umbilical veins than in the volunteers and in the patients without recanalized para-umbilical veins. the SMA and SA blood flows were significantly increased in patients with cirrhosis compared with volunteers. Splanchnic inflow (the sum of the SMA and SA blood flows) was higher than the portal blood flow in patients with cirrhosis except in the subjects with recanalized para-umbilical veins. SMA and SA resistive index values were significantly higher in these patients than in the volunteers Conclusion: Splanchnic blood flow and splanchnic vascular impedance increased significantly in patients with advanced post-hepatitic cirrhosis. Splanchnic inflow must not exceed portal venous blood flow in patients with recanalized para-umbilical veins. Portal vein velocity and portal venous blood flow measurements alone are not useful parameters for discriminating patients with cirrhosis from healthy subjects

scholarly journals KORELASI UKURAN KETEBALAN KORTEKS DAN RESISTIVE INDEX GINJAL BERDASARKAN PEMERIKSAAN ULTRASONOGRAFI PADA PASIEN HIDRONEFROSIS

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 183
Author(s):  
Ferawati Dakio ◽  
Nurlaily Idris ◽  
Mirna Muis ◽  
Andi Alfian ◽  
Hasyim Kasim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Doppler Ultrasonography ◽  
Resistive Index ◽  
Radiology Department ◽  
Renal Resistive Index ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Correlation Tests ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
The Right ◽  
Superior Pole

Hidronefrosis dapat terjadi pada satu atau kedua ginjal yang menyebabkan aliran urine menjadi lemah dan mengganggu fungsi dari ginjal itu sendiri.Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui korelasi ketebalan korteks ginjal dan resistive index ginjal berdasarkan pemeriksaan ultrasonografi pada pasien hidronefrosis. Penelitian ini dilakukan di bagian Radiologi Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo Makassar dari Mei sampai dengan Agustus 2018. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah observasional dengan rancangan potong lintang.Sampel penelitian sebanyak empat puluh orang yang memiliki klinis hidronefrosis. Pemeriksaan ultrasonografi grayscale terhadap pasien dilakukan untuk mengukur ketebalan korteks ginjal yang dilakukan di bagian tengah ginjal pada potongan longitudinal dan diukur dari puncak piramid tegak lurus ke arah kapsul, kemudian dilanjutkan pemeriksaan ultrasonografi doppler di arteri interlobar atau arcuata pada pole superior, median, dan inferior ginjal untuk menilai  renal resistiveindex. Data dianalisis dengan analisis statistik melalui uji korelasi Spearman dan Pearson.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rerata sampel penelitian mengalami hidronefrosis derajat ringan. Mean tebal korteks ginjal kanan pada penelitian ini 0,9 cm (0,26-1,79cm) dan ginjal kiri 0,84 cm (0,22-1,57cm). Terdapat korelasi yang bermakna antara derajat hidronefrosis dengan ketebalan korteks ginjal kanan dan kiri dengan arah korelasi negatif (p=0,0001). Kecenderungan peningkatan derajat hidronefrosis, meningkatkan nilai resistive index meskipun secara statistik tidak bermakna. Tidak terdapat korelasi antara ketebalan korteks dan resistive index  ginjal berdasarkan pemeriksaan ultrasonografi.   Hydronephrosis can occur in one or both kidneys which causes the flow of urine to become weak and interfere with the function of the kidney. This research aimed to investigate the correlation between the cortex thickness and the resistive index of kidney based on the ultrasonography examination in hydronephrosis patients.  The research was conducted in Radiology Department of Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo General Hospital, Makassar from May through August 2018. The research design used was observational using the cross sectional design. The total samples comprised 40 samples with clinical hydronephrosis. The examination of ultrasonography grayscale was carried out in order to measure the cortex thickness of the kidneys in the central parts of kidneys and the longitudinal cut was measured from the pyramid top straight down the capsule, then it was continued with the Doppler ultrasonography examination in the interlobare artery or arcute at superior pole, median and inferior kidney in order to evaluate the renal resistive index. The data were analyzed using the statistical analysis through the correlation tests of Spearman and Pearson. The research results indicated that the mean research samples had experienced the light hydronephrosis. The mean cortex thickness of the right kidney was 0.9 cm (0.26 - 1.79 cm), and that of the left kidnet was 0.84 cm (0.22 - 1.57 cm). There was a significant correlation between the degree of hydronephrosis and the cortex thickness of the right and the left kidneys, with the direction of the negative correlation (p=0.0001). There was a tendency of the increase of hydronephrosis degree to increase the value of resistive index, though statistically it was insignificant. There was no correlation between the cortex thickness and the resistive index of kidney based on the ultrasonogrphy examination.  

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document