scholarly journals Evaluation of Seed Emergence, Seedling Vigor Enhancement of Some Populations from Satureja bachtiarica with Chemical, Mechanical and Physiological Treatment

2016 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-44
Author(s):  
M. A. Alizadeh ◽  
H.A. Arab ◽  
R. Tabaie ◽  
M. Nasiri ◽  
A.A. Jafari
Keyword(s):  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Potassium Nitrate ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Water Control ◽  
Breaking Dormancy ◽  
Vigor Index ◽  
Seedling Length ◽  
Emergence Percentage ◽  
Satureja Bachtiarica

Abstract The seeds of 3 populations from Satureja bachtiarica were collected from three native vegetation areas (Simirom2, Sharkord and Yazd). The different treatments including: cold stratification, gibberlic acid (50 and 100 ppm) Potassium nitrate (0.2 and 0.4 percent). Physical scarification (sand paper), chemical scarification (Ethylic alcohol %70) and distilled water (control) were used for breaking dormancy of the seed samples. For greenhouse experiment, the seed samples were treated with treatments and then were sown in pots using randomize design with three replications. Emergence percentage, emergence speed, length of root and shoot, seedling length, root/shoot length ratio, vigor index, seedling fresh and dry weight, dry/fresh weight ratio were evaluated during 45 days of experiment. Comparing of population Semirom2 form savory of Bachtiary was higher than other population. It was concluded that effect of gibberlic acid and potassium nitrate was higher than physical scarification and chemical scarification comparing with control.

scholarly journals Growth and Biochemical Variations in Macrotyloma Uniflorum Var. Madhu Under Chromium Stress

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shilpee Dhali ◽  
, Madhusmit, Pradhan ◽  
Ranjan Kumar Sahoo ◽  
Chinmay Pradhan ◽  
Santanu Mohanty
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Process ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Phenotypic Expression ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Macrotyloma Uniflorum ◽  
Vigor Index ◽  
Seedling Length ◽  
Hydroponically Grown

The discharge of contaminated mining and industrial residues has become a major cause of environmental pollution. Seed is highly protective against external metal stresses. But they are highly sensitive during vegetative developmental process. In this study, germination was conducted in Macrotyloma uniflorum var. Madhu, in order to find out the effect of chromium toxicity on germination, growth and biochemical variations. The seeds were germinated in five different concentrations of chromium (25ìM, 50ìM, 100ìM, 150ìM and 200 ìM) solution. The hydroponically grown plants revealed the toxic phenotypic expression (root length, shoot length, seedling length, shoot vigor index, shoot fresh weight, shoot dry weight, root fresh weight and root dry weight) of plant after 3 growth stage (15 d, 30 d and 45 d). Similarly biochemical characteristics as well as antioxidant activities (Chlorophyll, carotenoid, carbohydrate, reducing sugar, catalase, proline content and peroxidase) were studied to see the toxic effect of chromium.

scholarly journals Evaluation of allelopathic effect of Carthamus Oxyacantha against wheat and maize seed germination

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 814-818
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Allelopathic Effect ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Maize Seed ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Vigor Index ◽  
Seedling Length ◽  
Powder Extract

Effect of Carthamusoxyacantha powder aqueous extract on seed germination of Wheat and Maize were studied. Powder extract of 3g, 6g and 9g of concentration were soaked in distilled water for 12 Hrs, 24 Hrs and 36 Hrs of time. The seeds of Wheat and Maize were germinated in Petri dishes. Control was maintained by watering the seeds with distilled water. The highest values for germination percentage, shoot length, root length, fresh weight, dry weight, seedling length, vigor index and seedling weight vigor index were recorded in control of wheat the above parameter decreased with increasing concentration and timing. While in maize highest values for the above parameters were recorded in treatments as compared to control.

scholarly journals Effect of acid stress on germination and early seedling growth of red clover

2011 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 1295-1303 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Mandic ◽  
Z. Tomic ◽  
V. Krnjaja ◽  
Z. Bijelic ◽  
M. Zujovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acid Stress ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Hard Seed ◽  
Early Seedling Growth ◽  
Vigor Index ◽  
Seedling Length ◽  
Early Seedling

The aim of this investigation was to estimate the effect of four pH levels of germination media (4, 5, 6 and 7) on seed germination energy (GE), germination (G), percentage of dead or infected seeds (DIS), percentage of hard seed (HS), normal (NS) and abnormal seedlings (AS), root length (RL), shoot length (ShL), seedling length (SeL), fresh weight (FW) and dry weight (DW) of seedling, and seedling vigor index (SVI) in two red clover genotypes (cv. K-17 and cv. Kolubara). The experiment was conducted in the laboratory conditions of the Institute for Animal Husbandry in Belgrade in January 2011. The pH levels of germination media had significant effect on the NS (P<0.01), AS (P<0.01), RL (P<0.05), ShL (P<0.01), SeL (P<0.01), FW (P<0.01) and SVI (P<0.05). The lowest GE, G, NS, ShL, SeL, FW and SVI were found at pH 4. Also, the highest DIS, HS and AS were found at pH 4. The genotype had significant effect on HS (P<0.01), RL (P<0.01), ShL (P<0.01), SeL (P<0.01), FW (P<0.01) and SVI (P<0.01). Genotype and pH levels of germination media did not affect on GE, G, DIS and DW significantly.

scholarly journals Gibberellic acid and nitrogen efficiently protect early seedlings growth stage from salt stress damage in Sorghum

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Yousif Adam Ali ◽  
Muhi Eldeen Hussien Ibrahim ◽  
Guisheng Zhou ◽  
Nimir Eltyb Ahmed Nimir ◽  
Aboagla Mohammed Ibrahim Elsiddig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Soluble Protein ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Seedling Length ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Emergence Percentage ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Stress Damage

AbstractSalinity one of environmental factor that limits the growth and productivity of crops. This research was done to investigate whether GA3 (0, 144.3, 288.7 and 577.5 μM) and nitrogen fertilizer (0, 90 and 135 kg N ha−1) could mitigate the negative impacts of NaCl (0, 100, and 200 mM NaCl) on emergence percentage, seedling growth and some biochemical parameters. The results showed that high salinity level decreased emergence percentage, seedling growth, relative water content, chlorophyll content (SPAD reading), catalase (CAT) and peroxide (POD), but increased soluble protein content, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) content. The SOD activity was decreased by nitrogen. However, the other measurements were increased by nitrogen. The interactive impact between nitrogen and salinity was significant in most parameters except EP, CAT and POD. The seedling length, dry weight, fresh weight, emergence percentage, POD, soluble protein and chlorophyll content were significantly affected by the interaction between GA3 and salinity. The GA3 and nitrogen application was successful mitigating the adverse effects of salinity. The level of 144.3 and 288.7 μm GA3 and the rate of 90 and 135 kg N ha−1 were most effective on many of the attributes studied. Our study suggested that GA3 and nitrogen could efficiently protect early seedlings growth from salinity damage.

Comparison of pre-treatments for inducing germination in highly dormant wheat genotypes

2003 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 729-735 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Matus-Cádiz ◽  
P. Hucl
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Biomass Yield ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Potassium Nitrate ◽  
Dormancy Breaking ◽  
Yield Data ◽  
Breeding Populations ◽  
Breaking Dormancy ◽  
Seedling Length ◽  
Pre Treatment

An effective dormancy-breaking method may be of interest to wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) breeders selecting for increased seed dormancy prior to advancing their populations in greenhouse grow-outs. The objective of this study was to identify an effective pre-treatment for breaking dormancy in wheat that did not result in seedling etiolation. In 2000, eight dormant (W98616, line 211, EMDR-4, EMDR-9, EMDR-14, RL4137, Columbus, and AC Domain) and one nondormant line (Roblin) were grown at two locations in Saskatchewan. Seeds were: (i) stored for zero to 21 wks at 24°C before incubating at 20°C for 7 d; (ii) incubated at 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25°C for 14 d; and (iii) treated with gibberellic acid (GA3) (0.0006 and 0.0014 M), potassium nitrate (KNO3) (0.01 and 0.02 M), chilling, heating, chilling with 0.01 M KNO3, and heating with 0.01 M KNO3 before incubating at 10°C for 14 d. Seedling growth was observed in a duplicated growth chamber experiment. Seedling length, first inter-node length, and biomass yield data were collected from plants grown from seeds treated with four effective pretreatments. Data were subjected to an ANOVA. Six to 18 weeks of storage at 24°C were required to break the dormancy (≥ 95% germination) in dormant genotypes. Incubation at 10°C was the most effective temperature for promoting germination in dormant seeds after 10d of testing. Four pre-treatments including 0.0006 M GA3, 0.0014 M GA3, chilling with 0.01 M KNO3, and heating with 0.01 M KNO3 led to ≥ 95% germination within 10 d of testing. Only GA3 treatments were associated with etiolated seedling growth. Heating with 0.01 M KNO3 or chilling with 0.01 M KNO3, applied before incubating at 10°C in darkness, may be of interest to breeders selecting for increased dormancy before advancing breeding populations in greenhouse grow-outs. Key words: Triticum, dormancy, nitrate, chilling, heating, etiolated seedling

Assessing allelopathic potential of Sonchus oleraceus L. (milk thistle) on germination and seedling growth of Oryza puncta

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Bilal Ahmad Khan ◽  
Saima Anwar ◽  
Rizwan Maqbool Maqbool ◽  
Muhammad Mohsin Amin ◽  
Muhammad Mansoor Javaid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Emergence Time ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Water Control ◽  
Sonchus Oleraceus ◽  
Oryza Punctata

ABSTRACT Aqueous extracts of plants are used to control weeds and having no hazards to environment and are inexpensive. Present study was undertaken to investigate the effect of aqueous extracts of Sonchus oleraceus L. on the Oryza punctata L. emergence and initial seedling growth. It consists of aqueous extract of leaves, stem and fruit of S. oleraceus at varying concentrations 0.25, 0.50, 1, 2, 4 and 8 % (w/v) along with a distilled water control. The allelochemicals present in the aqueous extracts showed stimulatory, inhibitory and hormetic responses depending upon the concentration and the plant part. Results directed that maximum mean emergence time (5.26 days) and minimum germination index (1.67), germination percentage (40%), seedling fresh weight (59 g) and dry weight (8 g) of O. punctata were examined with 8% aqueous extract of S. oleraceus fruit. However, 4% aqueous extract of S. oleraceus fruit produced minimum root length (5.71). On the basis this experiment it was concluded that 8% aqueous extract of S. oleraceus fruit can be used for controlling O. punctata weed. Keywords: Aqueous extract, environment, allelochamicals, hermetic response, stimulatory ABSTRACT Aqueous extracts of plants are used to control weeds and having no hazards to environment and are inexpensive. Present study was undertaken to investigate the effect of aqueous extracts of Sonchus oleraceus L. on the Oryza punctata L. emergence and initial seedling growth. It consists of aqueous extract of leaves, stem and fruit of S. oleraceus at varying concentrations 0.25, 0.50, 1, 2, 4 and 8 % (w/v) along with a distilled water control. The allelochemicals present in the aqueous extracts showed stimulatory, inhibitory and hormetic responses depending upon the concentration and the plant part. Results directed that maximum mean emergence time (5.26 days) and minimum germination index (1.67), germination percentage (40%), seedling fresh weight (59 g) and dry weight (8 g) of O. punctata were examined with 8% aqueous extract of S. oleraceus fruit. However, 4% aqueous extract of S. oleraceus fruit produced minimum root length (5.71). On the basis this experiment it was concluded that 8% aqueous extract of S. oleraceus fruit can be used for controlling O. punctata weed. Keywords: Aqueous extract, environment, allelochamicals, hermetic response, stimulatory ABSTRACT Aqueous extracts of plants are used to control weeds and having no hazards to environment and are inexpensive. Present study was undertaken to investigate the effect of aqueous extracts of Sonchus oleraceus L. on the Oryza punctata L. emergence and initial seedling growth. It consists of aqueous extract of leaves, stem and fruit of S. oleraceus at varying concentrations 0.25, 0.50, 1, 2, 4 and 8 % (w/v) along with a distilled water control. The allelochemicals present in the aqueous extracts showed stimulatory, inhibitory and hormetic responses depending upon the concentration and the plant part. Results directed that maximum mean emergence time (5.26 days) and minimum germination index (1.67), germination percentage (40%), seedling fresh weight (59 g) and dry weight (8 g) of O. punctata were examined with 8% aqueous extract of S. oleraceus fruit. However, 4% aqueous extract of S. oleraceus fruit produced minimum root length (5.71). On the basis this experiment it was concluded that 8% aqueous extract of S. oleraceus fruit can be used for controlling O. punctata weed. Keywords: Aqueous extract, environment, allelochamicals, hermetic response, stimulatory

scholarly journals A method to improve leaf succulence quantification

1999 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
André Mantovani
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Ecological Implications ◽  
Leaf Succulence ◽  
Sun Leaves

Leaf succulence has important physiological and ecological implications. Currently it is quantified by Delf's index (fresh weight/leaf area) and fresh weight/ dry weight ratio. Both indeces are reconsidered and a new index is proposed. Shade and sun leaves from terrestrial, hemiepiphytic and epiphytic aroids were studied. Delf's formula, which does not consider dry weight, overestimated leaf succulence. As fresh weight / dry weight ratio (fw / dw) does not consider leaf area, plants with the same fw / dw ratio were more than five times different in area. The last case was only possible with a decrease in surface / volume ratio and a increase of mesophyll thickness, components not measured by fw / dw ratio. The new index proposed here, which takes into consideration dry weight and leaf area, showed a high correlation to mesophyll thickness.

scholarly journals Effect of Water Extract Originated from Different Part of Russian Knapweed (Acroptilon repens L.) on Growth of Purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.)

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 108-111
Author(s):  
Alireza PIRZAD ◽  
Mousa JAMALI ◽  
Mohammad Amin ZAREH ◽  
Fahime SHOKRANI
Keyword(s):  
Aerial Part ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Portulaca Oleracea ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Extract Concentration ◽  
Russian Knapweed ◽  
Seedling Length

To evaluate probable allelopathic effect of water extract originated from different parts of russian knapweed (Acroptilon repens L.) on growth of purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.), a factorial experiment was conducted based on randomized complete block design with three replications at greenhouse condition in 2011. Treatments were water extract concentrations (0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 percent) obtained from different part of russian knapweed (aerial part, flower and root). Results showed the significant effect of extract type on seedling length, and extract concentration on shoot length, root length and seedling length. Interaction effect between extract type and concentration on the ratio of root/shoot length, seedling fresh weight, seedling dry weight and germination percentage was significant, too. Means comparison indicated that the longest root (3.55 cm), shoot (4.65 cm) and seedling (8.20 cm) were obtained from control treatment, reducing with higher concentration of extract. The longest shoot (6.95 cm) belonged to extract originated from russian knapweed flowers. The highest ratio of root/shoot length (0.73), seedling fresh weight (0.61g) and seedling dry weight (0.044 g) belonged to control treatment. In general, increasing of extract concentration caused in reduction of germination and seedling traits. Meanwhile, extracts of aerial part had more sever reducing effect than root and flower extracts.

A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF CONVENTIONAL, LEAFLESS AND SEMI-LEAFLESS PHENOTYPES OF PEAS: PHOTOSYNTHETIC CO2 FIXATION IN VITRO

1981 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 665-671 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. LAFOND ◽  
L. E. EVANS
Keyword(s):  
Soluble Protein ◽  
Co2 Fixation ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Carboxylase Activity ◽  
Chlorophyll Contents ◽  
In Vitro Measurements ◽  
Internal Arrangement

The effect of the "leafless" mutations (in which tendrils replace leaflets, af, and the stipules are reduced to a vestigial form, st) upon chlorophyll content, total protein, soluble protein, ribulose biphosphate carboxylase activity, and fresh weight/dry weight ratio were studied. Comparison of three near-isogenic lines of Century, Freezer and Trapper for the genotypes af af st st (leafless), af af + + (semi-leafless) and + + st st (reduced stipules) were compared with the conventional (+ + + +) plants. Chlorophyll contents were reduced by as much as 50% in the leafless phenotypes, as compared to the leafed plants. The leafless phenotype showed significantly higher levels of total nitrogen than the leafed plants. Tendrils had significantly lower levels of soluble protein than leaflets in two of the three cultivars examined. The fresh weight/dry weight ratio was significantly higher in the leafless phenotypes than the leafed types as a result of changes in morphology, going from a leaflet to a tendril. The internal arrangement of cells in the tendril was typical of pith and cortex tissue with very few intercellular spaces between the parenchyma cells. The intercellular space index within the tendrils was significantly lower than in the leaflet. In vitro measurements of ribulose biphosphate carboxylase activity were calculated per unit fresh weight and per unit chlorophyll. No significant differences were found between the different phenotypes per unit fresh weight; however, when the activity was measured per unit chlorophyll, the values for tendrils were significantly higher than for leaflets.

scholarly journals Salinity Tolerance of Mungbean Genotypes at Seedling Stage

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 409-416
Author(s):  
Ratri Tri Hapsari ◽  
Trustinah Trustinah
Keyword(s):  
Germination Rate ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Seedling Stage ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Vigor Index ◽  
Normal Seedling ◽  
Two Factors

Salinity is a major abiotic stress limiting mungbean production worldwide including Indonesia. Since mungbean plant is very sensitive to salt condition, selection of salinity tolerant genotypes becomes important for mungbean improvement. The objective of this study was to evaluate the tolerance of eight mungbean genotypes to salinity at seedling stage under different levels. The experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design with two factors (mungbean genotypes and salinity levels) and triplicates. Observation variables were germination percentage, vigor index, germination rate, hypocotyls length, epicotyls length, root length, number of root, seedling fresh weight, and seedling dry weight. The result showed that increasing level of salinity concentration inhibited the speed of germination, germination percentage, vigor index, normal seedling fresh weight, and number of lateral roots. Murai and Vima 1 were identified as tolerant genotypes, while Vima-2 and MLGV 0180 were identified as salinity sensitive genotypes at seedling stage. Currently, mungbean varieties with special characters, such as saline-tolerant is not yet available. The availability of saline-tolerant variety of mungbean is a cheaper and easier technology for farmers to anticipate the expansion of the saline area. The tolerant genotypes may be further tested at the later stage to obtain promising genotype tolerant to salinity that effectively assist mungbean breeding program.

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