scholarly journals New Income Tax Reliefs for Donations Made by Taxpayers for Purposes Related to Combating the Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 121-138
Author(s):  
Zbigniew Ofiarski
Keyword(s):  
Economic Activity ◽  
Income Tax ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Social Activity ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Tax Base ◽  
Legal Structure ◽  
Preventive Actions ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Tax Payers

Abstract In an effort to limit the effects of the COVID-19 epidemic determined by restrictions in economic activity and various areas of social activity, the catalogue of preventive actions was expanded by tax and legal instruments in the form of income tax reliefs inclining taxpayers to certain behaviours. The reliefs entitle taxpayers to deduct the value of donations made for the purposes of counteracting COVID-19 from the tax base. Two types of such donations have been distinguished, i.e., donations for entities participating in the treatment of infected persons and donations for educational institutions providing remote education. The aim of this article is to establish the premises justifying the claim that the tax reliefs for donations made by income tax payers are autonomous in relation to other tax preferences available to taxpayers making donations for other socially useful purposes. The hypothesis about the ad hoc and temporary nature of these tax reliefs has been verified as true, and the dominance of the motivating and stimulating function over their fiscal function has been demonstrated. Symmetrical solutions have been identified in the legal structure of the subject tax reliefs, as the donor uses a deduction from the tax base, while the recipient does not include the accepted donation in their income. The study uses the legal-dogmatic method and, in addition, the empirical analytical method to present the jurisprudence of courts in the field of applying tax reliefs due to donations made by income tax payers.

APPLICATION OF A SPECIAL TAX REGIME FOR SELFEMPLOYED CITIZENS ON THE TERRITORY OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION. PROFESSIONAL INCOME TAX

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 41-48
Author(s):  
V. B. DZOBELOVA ◽  
◽  
A. E. SALAMOVA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Income Tax ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
The Self ◽  
Federal Law ◽  
Tax Base ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Research Article ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Russian Federation

The relevance of the topic is largely due to the development of the country's tax base and the expansion of the geography of the special tax regime of the NAP. The main aspects of the functioning described in the work help to assess the advantages and disadvantages of the tax for self-employed persons. The purpose of the study is to reflect the trend in the development of a special tax regime for self-employed citizens in the Russian Federation. In connection with the purpose of the study, the following tasks were solved: to reveal the essence of the “self-employed population”, to characterize the main provisions of the special tax regime of the NAP, to consider the statistics of the number of self-employed persons in the Russian Federation, to identify the specifics of the tax regime for the self-employed population. The subject of the research is the special tax regime "Tax on professional income". The object of the research is the regulatory framework, as well as statistical data submitted by individuals to the Federal Tax Service on the implementation of activities to provide services to other individuals for personal, household and (or) other needs.As part of this research article explores the concept of "self-employed" citizens and trends in the use of special tax regime for the self-employed population in Russia according to the Federal Law from 27.11.2018 No. 422 «On the experiment of establishing a special tax regime "Tax on professional income"». The positive and negative aspects of the functioning of the tax regime are identified and the dynamics of the implementation of the law is studied.

THE COMPARISON OF CORPORATE INCOME TAX IN LATVIA AND LITHUANIA

2017 ◽  
pp. 20
Author(s):  
Jūlija Ščeglova ◽  
Iveta Mietule
Keyword(s):  
Income Tax ◽  
The State ◽  
Corporate Income Tax ◽  
Tax Rates ◽  
State Budget ◽  
Tax Base ◽  
Tax Rate ◽  
Common Features ◽  
Advance Payment ◽  
Tax Payers

Corporate income tax is one of the important taxes that provide revenues to the state budget. Article contains a comparison between Latvian and Lithuanian existing legislation relating to corporate income tax, studied differences between the tax rates, tax base, tax period and taxpayers. Were described differences that are related to the advance payment calculation, as well as created an example that shows how advance payments are calculated in Latvian and Lithuanian companies. As a result, it was found that there are several common features in the Latvian and Lithuanian legislation, with regard to corporate income tax, for example, the tax payers, taxation period, tax rate, the taxable amount. But there are several differences, such as the nuances of rates for non-residents, depending on the type of revenue, advance payment deadlines and other particularities of the calculation of the advance payments. Also differ corporate income tax payment deadlines. It was concluded that making advance payments in Lithuanian enterprises is more profitable, because it was calculated that at the same conditions, the amount of advances in Lithuania is lower than in Latvia.

Religious Tourism and Pilgrimage

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Amador Durán-Sánchez ◽  
María de la Cruz Del Río-Rama ◽  
Cristiana Oliveira ◽  
José Álvarez-García
Keyword(s):  
Economic Activity ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Cultural Resources ◽  
Religious Motivation ◽  
Arts And Humanities ◽  
Advanced Search ◽  
Tourism Sector ◽  
Religious Tourism ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Moment

Tourism is an economic activity capable of promoting the development of regions, creating wealth and contributing to the preservation of heritage. Thus, the tourism sector in general, and in particular, the new typologies of tourism that take advantage of cultural resources, such as religious tourism, have in recent years become the focus of attention by economic, political and scientific agents. Religious tourism started the moment man began to move due to a question of belief, that is to say, with a religious manifestation, the pilgrimage, being a pilgrim a tourist with religious motivation. Currently, according to UNWTO estimates, between 300 and 330 million tourists visit the main religious sites every year. Taking into account the increasing interest in the subject of religious tourism and pilgrimage, a review of the academic literature on this type of tourism is carried out in this chapter by means of a descriptive bibliometric study of articles, books and of book chapters included in the multidisciplinary Scopus (Elsevier) database until the year 2016. Thus, through an advanced search for terms, we selected a representative set of 199 documents that form the ad-hoc base of the analysis. In view of the results, it is concluded that despite an uncertain start at the beginning of the 80s, from the year 2006 the interest for this discipline experiences a rapid growth with more than 80% of the work published during the 2006-2016 period. When publishing, the authors opt for specialized journals in the tourism sector in the areas of Social Sciences and Business, Management and Accounting or Arts and Humanities.

scholarly journals KONTRADIKSI DASAR PENGENAAN PAJAK PERATURAN PEMERINTAH NOMOR 46 TAHUN 2013

KEBERLANJUTAN ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 786
Author(s):  
Puan Indri Hazimah Indri Hazimah ◽  
Ferry Irawan
Keyword(s):  
Income Tax ◽  
Government Regulation ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Practical Experience ◽  
Tax Law ◽  
Tax Base ◽  
Income Tax Law ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Suitable Framework ◽  
Tax Payers

AbstractThis research tries to elaborate the contradiction between Government Regulation number 46 of 2013 (PP 46/2013) and Article 4 paragraph 1 Law number 36 of 2008 (Income Tax Law) in addressing tax base. Also, it describes income tax simulation from PP 46/2013 an Income Tax Law perspective. This research is designed by applying literature review and field study method. We collect and analysis data throughout laws, text-books, and journals to obtain a a suitable framework related to the case discussed. Furthermore, we also conduct interview to find practical experience that cannot be found in literatures. A deep-interview is applied to the relevant officials. The result shows that usage of gross revenue to calculate tax base based on PP 46/2013 is quite suitable with the objective of the regulation, to simplify and support tax payers in fulfilling their tax-obligation. On the other hand, although the revenue is not appropriate with the definition of Income tax law, every additional economic capability, the provision is not against general rules. This is occurred because Article 17 paragraph 7 and Article 4 paragraph 2 letter (a) Income Tax Law allow certain income will be imposed by final income tax. Keyword:  Tax Base, Income, Gross Revenue, PP 46/2013

scholarly journals Auditing as the Main Method of Financial Control of Educational Institutions of Higher Education (EIHE): Peculiarities of the Legal Regulation

2019 ◽  
pp. 88-95
Author(s):  
G. A. Shengelia
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Financial Control ◽  
Institutions Of Higher Education ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Educational Organization ◽  
Main Method ◽  
The Subject

Educational institutions of higher education (EIHE) in modern conditions are active financial and economic entities. At the same time, taking into account the existing realities, the methods of financial control of these organizations are being improved. The article attempts to analyze auditing as a method of financial control, the goals and main objectives of the audit, the types of audit. The author classifies auditing of educational institutions of higher education in accordance with the audited period of economic activity of an educational organization, techniques and methods depending on the subject of inspection, an organizational method, the degree of coverage of financial and economic activities of educational institutions of higher education or the range of issues of verification of its activities. According to the results of the study, it is concluded that within the financial control of the activities of the EIHEs, auditing is one of the main methods of financial control aimed at assessing the state of financial discipline, determining the reliability of accounting and identifying financial violations associated with the use of budgetary and extra-budgetary funds.

scholarly journals Heirs’ Responsibility for the Decedent’s Tax Debts in the Republic of Slovenia

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 259-281
Author(s):  
Jernej Podlipnik
Keyword(s):  
Property Rights ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Income Tax ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Personal Income ◽  
Personal Income Tax ◽  
Tax Base ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Moment

In this paper the author discusses the Slovenian tax rules on the responsibility of heirs for tax debts that their ancestors (decedents) had at death and also tax debts of the estate. Generally the heirs must fulfil all of them, but two groups of exceptions exist. The first one consists of exceptions applicable to all types of tax debts, e.g., liability only up to the amount of inherited property, liability of each heir in relation to his share of the inherited property, non-liability if the heir transfers the inheritance to the state or the local community, non-liability when the amount of tax is 80 EUR or lower. The second group of exceptions apply only to the personal income tax residents’ liability for that part of the personal income that is taxed annually (employment income, income from economic activity that is established on the basis of actual revenue and expenses, income from basic agricultural and basic forestry activities, income from transfer of property rights, and other income). Since personal circumstances (e.g. living costs, number of children, age) are taken into account when calculating the annual tax base, the legislator believes that part of the personal income tax is a strictly personal obligation by nature. Hence, it ceases to exist when the tax debtor dies. The heirs are responsible for such tax debts only if the tax is either declared by the tax authority or by the deceased when he is still alive. The author of this paper claims that because the responsibility of the heirs depends on the activity of the tax authority or on the deceased taxpayer and not only on the moment of death, the constitutional equality before the law clause is breached.

Analysis of financial and economic activities

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tat'yana Golubeva
Keyword(s):  
Economic Activity ◽  
Financial Analysis ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Educational Standards ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Analytical Work ◽  
The Subject ◽  
State Educational ◽  
Theoretical Foundations

The textbook discusses the theoretical foundations of economic analysis as a system of knowledge about the subject and objects, method and tasks, methodology and organization of analytical work at the enterprise. The methods of managerial and financial analysis of the business entity's activities, including the calculation of reserves for improving the results of production and economic activity, are presented. Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of secondary vocational education of the latest generation. For students of secondary vocational educational institutions studying in an enlarged group of specialties 38.02.00 "Economics and Management".

The Double Irish and Dutch Sandwich strategies and tax avoidance in Mauritius

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ambareen Beebeejaun
Keyword(s):  
Income Tax ◽  
Tax Avoidance ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Tax Havens ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Library Research ◽  
Preventive Actions ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Subject

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyze the Double Irish and Dutch Sandwich (DIDS) tax schemes used by international companies. Companies using these schemes are enabled to transfer a large amount of their profits to offshore tax havens by using wholly owned subsidiaries located in Ireland and the Netherlands. This paper also analyzes the US General Anti-Avoidance Rule (GAAR) to see whether it can effectively detect and counteract this scheme. This analysis is furthermore enhanced by applying the Mauritian GAAR through Section 90 of the Income Tax Act to the said schemes. Design/methodology/approach Concerning research methods, the library and the internet will be the main sources of information to be used for this paper. Through the usage of library research, the Mauritian Income Tax Act, US GAAR, European Commission decisions and scholar writings will further enhance this paper on the structure and preventive actions that can be taken against the DIDS scheme. This paper will also use a case study coupled with a theoretical analysis of current anti-avoidance rules. Findings The paper then concludes that it is possible to counteract the schemes using the Mauritian law but under specific circumstances. It is then revealed that there is a fundamental flaw in the current tax systems, which is the inability to regulate the intangible nature of resources and technology-based transactions. Originality/value To the author's knowledge, this paper is among the first literature on the subject of DIDS strategies conducted in the context of Mauritius.

scholarly journals The peculiarities of international and Russian taxation of foreign organizations operating through permanent representation

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Pavel Igorevich Yakovlev
Keyword(s):  
Tax Evasion ◽  
Income Tax ◽  
Corporate Income Tax ◽  
Tax Base ◽  
Foreign Companies ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
International Tax ◽  
The Impact

The subject of this research is the taxation of permanent representations of foreign organizations. The object of this research is permanent representations of foreign organizations. The author explores such aspects of the topic as prevention of tax base erosion, modernization of international tax relations, impact of international tax agreements upon the taxation legislation of the Russian Federation with regards to corporate income tax and transfer of expenditure by head organization to the permanent representation. Analysis is conducted on the problematic of Russian taxation of the permanent representations of foreign organizations, with consideration of the accepted international tax standards. The article examines the promptness and factors of implementation of new tax measures aimed at countering tax evasion. The scientific novelty is substantiated by the usage of permanent representations by Russian and foreign companies, remained problematic of their taxation in the Russian tax jurisdiction, flaws in the current tax norms, as well as the impact of international tax agreements upon Russian tax normative document. The main conclusions contain recommendations on modernization of the existing in Russia tax rules in the context of determination of the tax base and application of the “principle of gravity”, increase of accuracy in determination of the actual results of activity of the permanent representations for improving efficiency and achieving balanced level of taxation of the permanent representations, which also function within the framework of a single technological process.

scholarly journals ACCOUNTING TRETMENT OF PROPERTY TAX FOR BUDGET USERS

2021 ◽  
pp. 251-266
Keyword(s):  
Economic Activity ◽  
Property Tax ◽  
Property Taxes ◽  
Tax Returns ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Double Entry ◽  
Tax Payers ◽  
Monetary Assets

During the growth of economic activity, property tax became one of less generous taxes but still remained a very significant form of revenue due to fiscal federalization. Property tax in the Republic of Serbia is legally defined and regulated by Law on Property Taxes. This paper will show how budget users, running books on the principle of double-entry bookkeeping record property taxes. This tax is determined by self-taxation through submission of tax returns by tax payers. Methods of defining how equipment received as a gift, procurement of parts or assets through foreign donation and monetary assets by domestic donators is covered by bookkeeping, will by the subject of this paper.

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