EARLY VARIATIONS OF PLASMA CORTISOL AFTER PULSE INTRAVENOUS INJECTION OF DIBUTYRYL CYCLIC ADENOSINE 3′,5′-MONOPHOSPHATE IN NORMAL SUBJECTS

1973 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 753-761 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Angeli ◽  
Giuseppe Boccuzzi ◽  
Roberto Frajria ◽  
Daniela Bisbocci ◽  
Franco Ceresa
Keyword(s):  
Intravenous Injection ◽  
Plasma Cortisol ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Healthy Adult ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Adult Women ◽  
Healthy Women ◽  
Adrenal Steroidogenesis ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Zero Time

ABSTRACT 10 mg/kg of dibutyryl cyclic adenosine 3′,5′-monophosphate (Db-cAMP) was iv pulse injected into twelve healthy adult women. The plasma cortisol levels were determined as 11-OHCS at zero time and then at 2.5, 5, 7.5, 10, 15, 30, 60 and 180 min after the injection. The data were compared with those obtained at the corresponding times in two groups of eleven and seventeen healthy women after the injection of 250 ng and 250 μg of synthetic β-1-24 corticotrophin performed in the same manner as the injection of the nucleotide. The mean increments in plasma cortisol were significantly lower after Db-cAMP than after ACTH. Differences were noted by analyzing the time course of the responses. In the case of stimulation with Db-cAMP the 11-OHCS levels rose progressively to a maximum at 15–30 min. By contrast, a peak of plasma cortisol was evident in most cases within a few min after the injection of ACTH; after a fall, a later rise was then observed starting from 15 min. The differences in the plasma 11-OHCS responses after the two stimuli may also be of interest clinically for the investigation of some aspects of adrenal steroidogenesis.

PARADOXICAL RESPONSE OF PLASMA CORTISOL TO PULSE INTRAVENOUS INJECTION OF SYNTHETIC CORTICOTROPHIN AND DIBUTYRYL CYCLIC ADENOSINE 3′,5′-MONOPHOSPHATE IN ADULT PANHYPOPITUITARISM

1973 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 250-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Angeli ◽  
Roberto Frajria ◽  
Giuseppe Boccuzzi ◽  
Daniela Bisbocci ◽  
Franco Ceresa
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Cortisol ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Specific Cell ◽  
Acute Administration ◽  
Cortisol Response ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Paradoxical Response ◽  
Early Peak ◽  
Membrane Bound

ABSTRACT 250 μg of synthetic β-1-24 corticotrophin and 10 mg/kg of dibutyryl cyclic adenosine 3′,5′-monophosphate (Db-cAMP) were iv pulse injected into six patients with adult panhypopituitarism. The plasma cortisol levels were determined as 11-OHCS at zero time and then at 2.5, 5, 7.5, 10, 15, 30, 60 and 180 min after the injection. The data were compared with those obtained under the same experimental conditions in groups of normal subjects. A paradoxical pattern of early plasma cortisol response after the two stimuli was found in the case of hypopituitarism in comparison with that observed in normal subjects, that is a higher response after Db-cAMP than after corticotrophin. This was dependent on a selective impairment of adrenal steroidogenic response to iv injection of corticotrophin, whereas the response to iv injection of Db-cAMP was normal. Moreover in hypopituitaric patients the time course of cortisol response after ACTH was clearly different from the normal. The plasma 11-OHCS levels never showed an early peak followed by a fall and a second subsequent rise but rose progressively after the injection to a plateau between 15 and 180 min. By contrast, after Db-cAMP the time course of the response was also similar to that observed in normal subjects. It is suggested that after chronic failure of ACTH the reduced cortisol response to iv acute administration of corticotrophin may also depend on a defect localized before the synthesis of intracellular cyclic AMP, i. e. in the binding between ACTH and the specific cell membrane bound receptor and/or in the inactivation of the membrane associated adenyl cyclase.

Granulocyte margination in the human lung and its response to strenuous exercise

1992 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Peters ◽  
P. Allsop ◽  
A. W. J. Stuttle ◽  
R. N. Arnot ◽  
M. Gwilliam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Count Rate ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Strenuous Exercise ◽  
Lung Pathology ◽  
Total Blood ◽  
Significant Release ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Blood Granulocyte

1. It is widely believed that the lung is an important site of granulocyte margination and releases most of the granulocytes of the peripheral neutrophilia of exercise. 2. We measured granulocyte margination in the lung in terms of the lung total blood granulocyte pool and the lung circulating granulocyte pool in eight patients without inflammatory disease or evidence of lung pathology by comparing the regional γ-camera lung count rate of 111In-labelled granulocytes with that of 111In-labelled erythrocytes. According to the respective 111In activities in peripheral blood samples taken between 5 and 40 min after granulocyte injection, the lung marginating granulocyte pool was 0.78 (sem 0.045) of the lung total blood granulocyte pool or 4.6 (0.92) of the lung circulating granulocyte pool 5 min after injection, decreasing to plateau values of 0.57 (0.053) and 1.53 (0.28) from 20 min after injection. This compared with corresponding whole-body ratios of about 0.6 and 1.5, respectively. 3. After 4 min of maximal exercise in four normal subjects given 111In-labelled granulocytes 60 min before exercise, the 111In-labelled granulocyte count rate over the lung increased to 1.23 (0.05) of the pre-exercise value with a time course that was essentially identical with the time course of the peripheral native neutrophilia. The spleen 111In signal decreased with the same time course, reaching a minimum of 0.63 (0.05) of the pre-exercise level at 5–10 min after the end of exercise. 4. In a further four normal subjects given 99mTc-labelled erythrocytes, exercise resulted in an increase in the lung 99mTc count rate to 1.11 (0.05) of the pre-exercise value. This increase was maximal immediately after the end of exercise. Based on changes in peripheral haemoglobin, total blood volume decreased in the eight normal subjects to 0.89 (0.01) of the pre-exercise value. 5. Using (a) the mean increases seen in lung 111In and 99mTc count rates in the normal subjects, (b) the mean haemoconcentration recorded in the normal subjects and (c) the mean baseline ratio of lung marginating granulocyte pool/lung total blood granulocyte pool measured in the patients, we calculated that the lung marginating granulocyte pool after exercise declined to only 0.94 of the pre-exercise value in the four normal subjects given 111In-labelled granulocytes. 6. We conclude (a) that although granulocytes marginate in the lung, they do not do so to an extent greater than the average for the whole body, and (b) that there is no significant release of granulocytes from the lungs as a result of exercise.

Tachyphylaxis to inhaled methacholine in normal but not asthmatic subjects

1990 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 875-879 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. H. Stevens ◽  
P. J. Manning ◽  
R. M. Watson ◽  
P. M. O'Byrne
Keyword(s):  
Time Course ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Airway Responsiveness ◽  
Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Methacholine Test ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
The Mean

Methacholine inhalation tests measure airway responsiveness in asthmatic and normal subjects. Tachyphylaxis occurs with repeated methacholine inhalations in normal subjects. The purpose of this study was to examine the time course and mechanisms of methacholine tachyphylaxis in normal subjects and to determine whether this occurs in mildly asthmatic subjects. Fifteen normal and nine asthmatic subjects were studied on 2 study days, at least 48 h apart. Each day, two inhalation tests were carried out. On one day, subjects performed two methacholine inhalation tests 3 h later by a methacholine test. Results were expressed as the provocation concentration causing a 20% fall in forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), (PC20). All normal subjects developed methacholine tachyphylaxis. The mean PC20 increased from 47.3 mg/ml (%SE 1.34) to 115.6 (%SE 1.51) (P less than 0.0001) in a 3-h interval. This increase lasted for greater than or equal to 6 h (P = 0.012). Asthmatic subjects did not develop methacholine tachyphylaxis. Their mean methacholine PC20s were 1.6 mg/ml (%SE 1.4) and 1.5 (%SE 1.4) (P = 0.75) 3 h later. In two other series of experiments, normal subjects were pretreated with the cyclooxygenase inhibitors indomethacin (100 mg/day) or flurbiprofen (150 mg/day) or a placebo for 3 days before two methacholine tests 3 h apart. Both indomethacin and flurbiprofen significantly inhibited the development of methacholine tachyphylaxis. These results confirm that methacholine tachyphylaxis occurs in normal subjects, lasts greater than or equal to 6 h, and may occur through the release of inhibitory prostaglandins. By contrast, methacholine tachyphylaxis does not occur in asthmatic subjects.

scholarly journals A Simple Radioimmunoassay for Plasma Cortisol: Comparison with the Fluorimetric Method of Determination

1977 ◽  
Vol 14 (1-6) ◽  
pp. 207-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. Carr ◽  
R. P. Millar ◽  
H. Crowley
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Cortisol ◽  
Regression Line ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Cortisol Concentration ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Fluorimetric Method ◽  
Plasma Cortisol Concentration ◽  
Diagnostic Usefulness ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Line Slope

A quick and simple method for the radioimmunoassay of plasma cortisol is described. The mean morning plasma cortisol concentration in 43 normal subjects was 9.8 ± 3.1 (S.D.) μg/100 ml with a range of 5.0–19.5 μg/100 ml. Mean midnight concentration in 24 normal subjects was 4.3 ± 2.3 (S.D.) μg/100 ml with a range of 1.4–9.6 μg/100 ml. When compared with the fluorimetric method the mean results by radioimmunoassay of 154 routine specimens were 23% lower. In samples from unstimulated patients, regression analysis of results obtained by the two methods gave a correlation coefficient (r) of 0.93, regression line slope of 1.1, and intercept of 1.4 μg. Mean radioimmunoassay results were 15% lower. When plasma cortisol concentration was above the normal range (>30 μg/100 ml) the regression line slope was 0.87, the intercept 17.9 μg, r = 0.87 and mean radioimmunoassay results were 37% lower. Plasma cortisol concentration in patients after insulin or Synacthen stimulation exhibited similar responses when measured by either method. Plasma cortisol concentration in normal subjects given metyrapone was lower when measured by radioimmunoassay (mean ± S.D. = 8.7 ± 2.7 μg/100 ml) than when measured by fluorimetry (18.5 ± 10.8 μg/100 ml). The diagnostic usefulness of the two methods, ease of assay, and costs are compared.

scholarly journals Clothing type and vitamin D status: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shimels Hussien Mohamed ◽  
Shahab Alizadeh ◽  
Masresha Tessema ◽  
Aregash Samuel ◽  
Alemnesh Petros ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Healthy Adult ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Adult Women ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
Clothing Style ◽  
Clothing Type ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Status Of Women

Abstract Background Inconsistent reports have been made on the link of clothing style to vitamin D deficiency (VDD). However, there is no meta-analysis report on the link. Thus, we pooled the existing empirical evidence on the association of wearing concealing clothing with VDD and serum 25(OH)D level among healthy adult women.Method PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Sciences, and Google Scholar were searched for studies published until December 15, 2020 on the relation of clothing type with vitamin D status. Odds ratio (OR) and standardized mean difference (SMD) were used to summarize the estimates on the association of concealing clothing with VDD status and 25(OH)D level, respectively. The summary estimates were calculated with random-effects meta-analyses, with heterogeneity assessed by I2–metrics and subgroup analyses done by types of clothing and regions of residence. Result In total, 14 studies with a total of 11,332 individual participants were included. Overall, women who wear concealing clothing were 2.28 times more likely to develop VDD compared with women who do not wear concealing clothing (pooled OR=2.28, 95%CI=1.67, 3.10, P<0.001). The summary odds of VDD was 1.36 times higher among women who wear veil hijab compared with women who do not wear veil hijab (95%CI=1.49, 3.59, P<0.001). The summary odds of VDD was 2.25 times higher among women who wear long sleeve clothes compared with those who wear short sleeve clothes (95%CI=1.63, 3.11, P<0.001). The mean serum 25(OH)D level of women who wear veil hijab was also significantly lower by 6.48 ng/ml (pooled SMD= -6.48, 95%CI= -8.24, -4.73, P<0.001). Conclusion Clothing type, particularly fully concealing clothes like hijab, might be contributing to the burden of VDD. Further studies are warranted to investigate the role and dose of additional VD supplement to compensate the effect of concealing clothing (hijab) on VD status of women.

scholarly journals Measurement of Plasma and Intracellular S-Adenosylmethionine and S-Adenosylhomocysteine Utilizing Coulometric Electrochemical Detection: Alterations with Plasma Homocysteine and Pyridoxal 5′-Phosphate Concentrations

2000 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stepan Melnyk ◽  
Marta Pogribna ◽  
Igor P Pogribny ◽  
Ping Yi ◽  
S Jill James
Keyword(s):  
Electrochemical Detection ◽  
Healthy Adult ◽  
Plasma Homocysteine ◽  
Nutritional Deficiencies ◽  
Adult Women ◽  
Require Time ◽  
Additional Processing ◽  
Total Homocysteine ◽  
The Mean ◽  
One Carbon Metabolism

Abstract Background: The relative changes in plasma and intracellular concentrations of S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) and S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH) may be important predictors of cellular methylation potential and metabolic alterations associated with specific genetic polymorphisms and/or nutritional deficiencies. Because these metabolites are present in nanomolar concentrations in plasma, methods of detection generally require time-consuming precolumn processing or metabolite derivatization. Methods: We used HPLC with coulometric electrochemical detection for the simultaneous measurement of SAM and SAH in 200 μL of plasma, 106 lymphocytes, or 10 mg of tissue. Filtered trichloroacetic acid extracts were injected directly into the HPLC system without additional processing and were eluted isocratically. Results: The limits of detection were 200 fmol/L for SAM and 40 fmol/L SAH. In plasma extracts, the interassay CV was 3.4–5.5% and the intraassay CV was 2.8–5.6%. The analytical recoveries were 96.8% and 97.3% for SAM and SAH, respectively. In a cohort of healthy adult women with mean total homocysteine concentrations of 7.3 μmol/L, the mean plasma value was 156 nmol/L for SAM and 20 nmol/L for SAH. In women with increased homocysteine concentrations (mean, 12.1 μmol/L), plasma SAH, but not SAM, was increased (P &lt;0.001), and plasma pyridoxal 5′-phosphate concentrations were reduced (P &lt;0.001). Plasma SAM/SAH ratios were inversely correlated with homocysteine concentrations (r = 0.73; P &lt;0.01), and the SAM/SAH ratio in plasma was directly correlated with the intracellular SAM/SAH ratio in lymphocytes (r = 0.70; P &lt;0.01). Conclusions: Increased homocysteine in serum is associated with an increase in SAH and a decrease in the SAM/SAH ratio that could negatively affect cellular methylation potential. Accurate and sensitive detection of these essential metabolites in plasma and in specific tissues should provide new insights into the regulation of one-carbon metabolism under different nutritional and pathologic conditions.

Barium Versus Nonbarium Stimuli: Differences in Taste Intensity, Chemesthesis, and Swallowing Behavior in Healthy Adult Women

2014 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 758-767 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Nagy ◽  
Catriona M. Steele ◽  
Cathy A. Pelletier
Keyword(s):  
Path Analysis ◽  
Surface Electromyography ◽  
Healthy Adult ◽  
Magnitude Scale ◽  
Taste Intensity ◽  
Adult Women ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Healthy Women ◽  
Behavioral Parameters ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The authors examined the impact of barium on the perceived taste intensity of 7 different liquid tastant stimuli and the modulatory effect that these differences in perceived taste intensity have on swallowing behaviors. Method Participants were 80 healthy women, stratified by age group (<40; >60) and genetic taste status (supertasters; nontasters). Perceived taste intensity and chemesthetic properties (fizziness; burning–stinging) were rated for 7 tastant solutions (each prepared with and without barium) using the general Labeled Magnitude Scale. Tongue-palate pressures and submental surface electromyography (sEMG) were simultaneously measured during swallowing of these same randomized liquids. Path analysis differentiated the effects of stimulus, genetic taste status, age, barium condition, taste intensity, and an effortful saliva swallow strength covariate on swallowing. Results Barium stimuli were rated as having reduced taste intensity compared with nonbarium stimuli. Barium also dampened fizziness but did not influence burning–stinging sensation. The amplitudes of tongue-palate pressure or submental sEMG did not differ when swallowing barium versus nonbarium stimuli. Conclusions Despite impacting taste intensity, the addition of barium to liquid stimuli does not appear to alter behavioral parameters of swallowing. Barium solutions can be considered to elicit behaviors that are similar to those used with nonbarium liquids outside the assessment situation.

Instant 99mTc-Labelled Glucoheptonate Kit for Kidney Imaging

1983 ◽  
Vol 22 (05) ◽  
pp. 246-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Al-Hilli ◽  
H. M. A. Karim ◽  
M. H. S. Al-Hissoni ◽  
M. N. Jassim ◽  
N. H. Agha
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Hydroxide Solution ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Organ Distribution ◽  
Stable Complex ◽  
Scintillation Camera ◽  
Ph Adjustment ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Kidney Imaging ◽  
Mean Concentration

Gelchromatography column scanning has been used to study the fractions of reduced hydrolyzed 99mTc, 99mTc-pertechnetate and 99mTc-chelate in a 99mTc-glucoheptonate (GH) preparation. A stable high labelling yield of 99mTc-GH complex in the radiopharmaceutical has been obtained with a concentration of 40-50 mg of glucoheptonic acid-calcium salt and not less than 0.45 mg of SnCl2 2 H2O at an optimal pH between 6.5 and 7.0. The stability of the complex has been found significantly affected when sodium hydroxide solution was used for the pH adjustment. However, an alternative procedure for final pH adjustment of the preparation has been investigated providing a stable complex for the usual period of time prior to the injection. The organ distribution and the blood clearance data of 99mTc-GH in rabbits were relatively similar to those reported earlier. The mean concentration of the radiopharmaceutical in both kidneys has been studied in normal subjects for one hour with a scintillation camera and the results were satisfactory.

Desmopressin Stimulates Parallel Norepinephrine and Tissue Plasminogen Activator Release in Normal Subjects and Patients with Diabetes Mellitus

1988 ◽  
Vol 59 (02) ◽  
pp. 269-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
M B Grant ◽  
C Guay ◽  
R Lottenberg
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Plasminogen Activator ◽  
Tissue Plasminogen Activator ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Vascular Endothelial Cells ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Plasma Norepinephrine ◽  
Endogenous Catecholamine ◽  
Tissue Plasminogen ◽  
Patients With Diabetes

SummaryDesmopressin acetate administration markedly stimulates release of tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) from vascular endothelial cells. The mechanism for this effect is unknown. Because infusion of epinephrine has been shown to increase t-PA levels, we examined the role of endogenous catecholamine mediation of t-PA release by desmopressin. Intravenous desmopressin acetate (0.3 μg/kg) was infused over 30 min in 9 controls and 11 subjects with diabetes mellitus, a condition associated with abnormalities of the fibrinolytic system. Plasma was collected in the supine, overnight fasted state at 15 min intervals (0-60 min) for measurement of t-PA activity, t-PA antigen and fractionated catecholamines. t-PA activity peaked at 30-45 min and subsequently decreased. The norepinephrine levels paralleled the t-PA activity. t-PA activity increased 10-fold from 0.14 ± .12 to 1.49 ± 0.79 IU/ml (Mean ± SD) and plasma norepinephrine increased 2- fold from 426 ± 90 to 780 ± 292 pg/ml. However, epinephrine and dopamine levels did not change significantly. The response to desmopressin of control and diabetic subjects was not shown to differ and their data were combined. We conclude that desmopressin increases plasma norepinephrine in addition to t-PA and that the parallel time course of change suggests a possible role for norepinephrine in mediating endothelial cell t-PA release.

A COMPARISON OF TWO METHODS FOR MEASUREMENT OF ALDOSTERONE SECRETION RATE IN MAN

1966 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Lund-Johansen ◽  
T. Thorsen ◽  
K. F. Støa
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Secretion Rate ◽  
Aldosterone Secretion ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Derivative Method ◽  
The Mean

ABSTRACT A comparison has been made between (A), a relatively simple method for the measurement of aldosterone secretion rate, based on paper chromatography and direct densitometry of the aldosterone spot and (B) a more elaborate isotope derivative method. The mean secretion rate in 9 normal subjects was 112 ± 26 μg per 24 hours (method A) and 135 ± 35 μg per 24 hours (method B). The »secretion rate« in one adrenalectomized subject after the intravenous injection of 250 μg of aldosterone was 230 μg per 24 hours (method A) and 294 μg per 24 hours (method B). There was no significant difference in the mean values, and correlation between the two methods was good (r = 0.80). It is concluded that the densitometric method is suitable for clinical purposes as well as research, being more rapid and less expensive than the isotope derivative method. Method A also measures the urinary excretion of the aldosterone 3-oxo-conjugate, which is of interest in many pathological conditions. The densitometric method is obviously the less sensitive and a prerequisite for its use is an aldosterone secretion of 20—30 μg per 24 hours. Lower values are, however, rare in adults.

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