FAMILIAL IDIOPATHIC HYPOGONADOTROPHIC HYPOGONADISM

1977 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 246-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Bétend ◽  
E. Lebacq ◽  
L. David ◽  
B. Claustrat ◽  
R. François
Keyword(s):  
Prolonged Treatment ◽  
Striking Difference ◽  
Hormonal Stimulation ◽  
Peripheral Tissues ◽  
Hypogonadotrophic Hypogonadism ◽  
Infancy And Childhood ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Male Sex ◽  
Lh Rh ◽  
Artificial Cycle

ABSTRACT A new case of familial idiopathic hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism is presented: 3 males and 2 females among 9 siblings are affected. Very low to non-detectable levels of plasma LH and FSH levels were found in each patient. LH-RH stimulation test gave in one male a slight increase in plasma LH levels while no change was observed in the others. Prolonged treatment with gonadotrophins or testosterone gave poor results in the males while evidence of ovulation was obtained in the two females during a unique induced artificial cycle with combined HMG and HCG treatment; rapid feminization was also obtained in the females with oestrogen therapy. The striking difference in the results of the substitution treatments between males and females suggest that some degree of acquired insensitivity of the testes to gonadotrophins and of peripheral tissues to male sex hormones are present in male hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism. This may be the consequence of a lack of hormonal stimulation or impregnation during infancy and childhood.

scholarly journals Sex Differences in Exercise-Induced Bronchoconstriction in Athletes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (19) ◽  
pp. 7270
Author(s):  
Daniel Enrique Rodriguez Bauza ◽  
Patricia Silveyra
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Sexually Dimorphic ◽  
Atopic Status ◽  
Management Plans ◽  
Disease Experience ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Male Sex ◽  
Exercise Induced

Exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) is a common complication of athletes and individuals who exercise regularly. It is estimated that about 90% of patients with underlying asthma (a sexually dimorphic disease) experience EIB; however, sex differences in EIB have not been studied extensively. With the goal of better understanding the prevalence of EIB in males and females, and because atopy has been reported to occur at higher rates in athletes, in this study, we investigated sex differences in EIB and atopy in athletes. A systematic literature review identified 60 studies evaluating EIB and/or atopy in post-pubertal adult athletes (n = 7501). Collectively, these studies reported: (1) a 23% prevalence of EIB in athletes; (2) a higher prevalence of atopy in male vs. female athletes; (3) a higher prevalence of atopy in athletes with EIB; (4) a significantly higher rate of atopic EIB in male vs. female athletes. Our analysis indicates that the physiological changes that occur during exercise may differentially affect male and female athletes, and suggest an interaction between male sex, exercise, and atopic status in the course of EIB. Understanding these sex differences is important to provide personalized management plans to athletes with underlying asthma and/or atopy.

scholarly journals Chronic L-Name-Treatment Produces Hypertension by Different Mechanisms in Peripheral Tissues and Brain: Role of Central eNOS

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-54
Author(s):  
Olga Pechanova ◽  
Stanislava Vrankova ◽  
Martina Cebova
Keyword(s):  
Time Course ◽  
Nuclear Factor Κb ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Prolonged Treatment ◽  
Enos Expression ◽  
Peripheral Tissues ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Oxide Synthase ◽  
Nos Isoforms ◽  
The Brain

The goal of our study was to analyze the time course of the effect of NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) on nitric oxide synthase (NOS) isoforms and nuclear factor–κB (NF-κB) protein expression, total NOS activity, and blood pressure (BP) in rats. Adult 12-week-old male Wistar rats were subjected to treatment with L-NAME (40 mg/kg/day) for four and seven weeks. BP was increased after 4- and 7-week L-NAME treatments. NOS activity decreased after 4-week-L-NAME treatment; however, the 7-week treatment increased NOS activity in the aorta, heart, and kidney, while it markedly decreased NOS activity in the brainstem, cerebellum, and brain cortex. The 4-week-L-NAME treatment increased eNOS expression in the aorta, heart, and kidney and this increase was amplified after 7 weeks of treatment. In the brain regions, eNOS expression remained unchanged after 4-week L-NAME treatment and prolonged treatment led to a significant decrease of eNOS expression in these tissues. NF-κB expression increased in both peripheral and brain tissues after 4 weeks of treatment and prolongation of treatment decreased the expression in the aorta, heart, and kidney. In conclusion, decreased expression of eNOS in the brain regions after 7-week L-NAME treatment may be responsible for a remarkable decrease of NOS activity in these regions. Since the BP increase persisted after 7 weeks of L-NAME treatment, we hypothesize that central regulation of BP may contribute significantly to L-NAME-induced hypertension.

Purine and folate metabolism as a potential target of sex-specific nutrient allocation in Drosophila and its implication for lifespan-reproduction tradeoff

2006 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 393-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias Bauer ◽  
Jörg D. Katzenberger ◽  
Anne C. Hamm ◽  
Melanie Bonaus ◽  
Ingo Zinke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resource Allocation ◽  
Growth Control ◽  
Folate Metabolism ◽  
Striking Difference ◽  
Physiological Basis ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Amino Acid Utilization ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Protein Starvation

The reallocation of metabolic resources is important for survival during periods of limited nutrient intake. This has an influence on diverse physiological processes, including reproduction, repair, and aging. One important aspect of resource allocation is the difference between males and females in response to nutrient stress. We identified several groups of genes that are regulated in a sex-biased manner under complete or protein starvation. These range from expected differences in genes involved in reproductive physiology to those involved in amino acid utilization, sensory perception, immune response, and growth control. A striking difference was observed in purine and the tightly interconnected folate metabolism upon protein starvation. From these results, we conclude that the purine and folate metabolic pathway is a major point of transcriptional regulation during resource allocation and may have relevance for understanding the physiological basis for the observed tradeoff between reproduction and longevity.

scholarly journals Male sex pheromone components in Heliconius butterflies released by the androconia affect female choice

PeerJ ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. e3953 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathy Darragh ◽  
Sohini Vanjari ◽  
Florian Mann ◽  
Maria F. Gonzalez-Rojas ◽  
Colin R. Morrison ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Pheromone ◽  
Female Mate Choice ◽  
Substantial Contribution ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Male Sex Pheromone ◽  
Male Pheromones ◽  
Chemical Signalling ◽  
Heliconius Melpomene ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Male Sex

Sex-specific pheromones are known to play an important role in butterfly courtship, and may influence both individual reproductive success and reproductive isolation between species. Extensive ecological, behavioural and genetic studies of Heliconius butterflies have made a substantial contribution to our understanding of speciation. Male pheromones, although long suspected to play an important role, have received relatively little attention in this genus. Here, we combine morphological, chemical and behavioural analyses of male pheromones in the Neotropical butterfly Heliconius melpomene. First, we identify putative androconia that are specialized brush-like scales that lie within the shiny grey region of the male hindwing. We then describe putative male sex pheromone compounds, which are largely confined to the androconial region of the hindwing of mature males, but are absent in immature males and females. Finally, behavioural choice experiments reveal that females of H. melpomene, H. erato and H. timareta strongly discriminate against conspecific males which have their androconial region experimentally blocked. As well as demonstrating the importance of chemical signalling for female mate choice in Heliconius butterflies, the results describe structures involved in release of the pheromone and a list of potential male sex pheromone compounds.

scholarly journals Reproductive biology of Poecilia sphenops Valenciennes, 1846 (Cyprinidontiformes: Poeciliidae) at the Emiliano Zapata Reservoir in Morelos, Mexico

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
José L. Gómez-Márquez ◽  
Bertha Peña-Mendoza ◽  
José L. Guzmán-Santiago
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Biology ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Ovarian Development ◽  
Mesh Size ◽  
Central Mexico ◽  
Development Stages ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Male Sex ◽  
Poecilia Sphenops ◽  
Monthly Variations

ABSTRACT Poecilia sphenops is a native species recently recorded in the Balsas basin and the Amacuzac River in Morelos (Mexico), in which it is abundant and widely distributed. This study analyzed some aspects of the reproductive biology of Poecilia sphenops from the Emiliano Zapata Reservoir, in Central Mexico. Specimens were collected using a 20 m-long seine with a 5 mm mesh size, from January to December 2006. A total of 581 specimens were collected: 407 females (70.0%), 83 males (14.3%) and 91 individuals with no differentiated sex (15.7%). Fish ranged from 20 to 96 mm in total length and 0.01 to 13.07 g in body weight. The female to male sex ratio (4.9:1) deviated significantly from the unity (χ2= 214.2, p<0.05). Monthly variations in gonadosomatic (GSI) and hepatosomatic (HSI) indexes and ovarian development stages showed that P. sphenops spawning season occurred between July and October, concurring with the rainy season. Another reproduction peak was registered in February. The largest length registered for males and females was 96 mm and 83 mm, respectively.

Hypothyroidism

1994 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 227-232
Author(s):  
Delbert A. Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Active Form ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
Thyroid Cell ◽  
Peripheral Tissues ◽  
Hormone Synthesis ◽  
Infancy And Childhood ◽  
And Control ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Thyroid Development THYROID HORMONE SYNTHESIS AND CONTROL Thyroid hormones (TH) are critical for normal growth, development, and metabolism during infancy and childhood. They are synthesized by the thyroid gland follicular cells, the function of which is to concentrate iodide from the blood and return it to peripheral tissues in a hormonally active form. The thyroid cell iodide-concentrating mechanism, often referred to as the iodide pump, confers on the gland its ability to concentrate iodide to many times its level in plasma. The steps involved in synthesis and release of TH include: 1) iodide trapping by the thyroid gland; 2) synthesis of thyroglobulin; 3) organification of trapped iodide as iodotyrosines (monoiodotyrosine, MIT, and diiodotyrosine, DIT); 4) coupling of the iodotyrosines to form the iodothyronines thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) and storage in follicular colloid; 5) endocytosis of colloid droplets and hydrolysis of thyroglobulin to release MIT, DIT, T4, and T3; and 6) deiodination of MIT and DIT with intrathyroidal recycling of the iodine. The concentration of iodide in plasma under normal circumstances is less than 0.2 µg/dL. The iodide is removed from plasma almost entirely by the kidney and the thyroid gland. Transport of iodide across the thyroid cell membrane is the first and ratelimiting step in TH biosynthesis.

Observations on mammary development in calves and lambs

1953 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 413-421 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Wallace
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Treatment ◽  
Mammary Development ◽  
Prolonged Treatment ◽  
Mammary Tissue ◽  
Striking Difference ◽  
Oestrogen Treatment ◽  
Beef Breed ◽  
Beef Calves ◽  
Dairy Heifers ◽  
Gland Tissue

The normal course of mammary development has been briefly described, in sheep from 2 months of foetal age to 4 months after birth; and in dairy cattle from the 3-month foetus to calves 6 months old. Observations were also made on a series of udders from ewes during their first pregnancy. A small group of beef calves and a number of freemartins of various ages were also examined.Development was found to be closely similar in the two species, and in both, sex differences were marked.Experimentally it was found that in males of either species castration at birth had little effect on mammary growth, while prolonged treatment with oestrogen gave rise to enlarged teats, dilated cisterns and ducts, and to a certain amount of secretion. Little gland tissue was formed in oestrogen-treated males, and there was no increase in the spreading of mammary tissue from the neighbourhood of the teat.Females of the two species showed a striking difference in their response to experimental treatment. In sheep, removal of the ovaries at birth had no apparent effect on mammary development up to 4 months, while treatment with oestrogen stimulated gland formation in both spayed and intact lambs and also restricted the normal spread of mammary tissue into the udder. In cattle, on the other hand, heifers spayed at birth showed almost complete cessation of mammary development, while implants of oestrogen, in addition to inducing gland formation, promoted the spreading of tissue into the udder pad of the spayed animal.Udder development of freemartins appeared to be similar to that of normal heifers from 5 months foetal age to about a month after birth, but thereafter was more like that of a spayed animal. Removal of the abnormal gonads shortly after birth had no effect, while oestrogen treatment induced development of teats, ducts and glands exactly as in a normal heifer.Comparing small numbers of calves of the two types, it was found that heifers of the beef breed in general showed slightly poorer mammary development than dairy heifers that had been treated in the same way, with more connective tissue and numerous leucocytes in the mammary zone.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document