Multiple regulatory elements in the human GnRH receptor gene

1997 ◽  
pp. 118-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Millar
Keyword(s):  
Receptor Gene ◽  
Regulatory Elements ◽  
Gnrh Receptor

scholarly journals Mouse GnRH Receptor Gene Expression Is Mediated by the LHX3 Homeodomain Protein

Endocrinology ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 146 (5) ◽  
pp. 2180-2185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shauna M. McGillivray ◽  
Janice S. Bailey ◽  
Rosha Ramezani ◽  
Brian J. Kirkwood ◽  
Pamela L. Mellon
Keyword(s):  
Hormonal Regulation ◽  
Transcriptional Start Site ◽  
Receptor Gene ◽  
Regulatory Elements ◽  
Gnrh Receptor ◽  
Homeodomain Protein ◽  
Pituitary Development ◽  
Basal Expression

Abstract Appropriate expression of GnRH receptor (GnRHR) is necessary for the correct regulation of the gonadotropins, LH and FSH, by GnRH. GnRHR is primarily expressed in the gonadotrope cells of the anterior pituitary, and a number of regulatory elements important for both basal and hormonal regulation of the gene have been identified. Using the gonadotrope-derived cell line, αT3-1, that endogenously expresses GnRHR, we have identified an ATTA element located at −298 relative to the transcriptional start site that is essential for basal expression of the GnRHR gene. LHX3, a member of the LIM homeodomain family, binds the −298 ATTA site in vitro as well as to the endogenous GnRHR promoter in vivo. Additionally, LHX3 specifically activates through this −298 ATTA site in transient transfection assays. LHX3 is essential for pituitary development and has been implicated in the regulation of a number of pituitary specific genes; however, this is the first report identifying its role in the regulation of GnRHR.

scholarly journals Associations between SNPs in the bovine GnRH receptor gene and breeding values for fertility traits in dairy cattle

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 214-214
Author(s):  
K Derecka ◽  
S Ahmad ◽  
TC Hodgman ◽  
N Hastings ◽  
MD Royal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Receptor Gene ◽  
Gnrh Receptor ◽  
Breeding Values ◽  
Fertility Traits

Cloning of GT box-binding proteins: a novel Sp1 multigene family regulating T-cell receptor gene expression

1992 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 4251-4261 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Kingsley ◽  
A Winoto
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Multigene Family ◽  
Binding Proteins ◽  
Receptor Gene ◽  
Consensus Sequence ◽  
Gene Segment ◽  
Cell Receptor ◽  
Regulatory Elements

Analysis of a T-cell antigen receptor (TCR) alpha promoter from a variable gene segment (V) revealed a critical GT box element which is also found in upstream regions of several V alpha genes, TCR enhancer, and regulatory elements of other genes. This element is necessary for TCR gene expression and binds several proteins. These GT box-binding proteins were identified as members of a novel Sp1 multigene family. Two of them, which we term Sp2 and Sp3, were cloned. Sp2 and Sp3 contain zinc fingers and transactivation domains similar to those of Sp1. Like Sp1, Sp2 and Sp3 are expressed ubiquitously, and their in vitro-translated products bind to the GT box in TCR V alpha promoters. Sp3, in particular, also binds to the Sp1 consensus sequence GC box and has binding activity similar to that of Sp1. As the GT box has also previously been shown to play a role in gene regulation of other genes, these newly isolated Sp2 and Sp3 proteins might regulate expression not only of the TCR gene but of other genes as well.

scholarly journals Mammalian Type I Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Receptors Undergo Slow, Constitutive, Agonist-Independent Internalization

Endocrinology ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 149 (3) ◽  
pp. 1415-1422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam J. Pawson ◽  
Elena Faccenda ◽  
Stuart Maudsley ◽  
Zhi-Liang Lu ◽  
Zvi Naor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
G Protein ◽  
Regulatory Elements ◽  
Gnrh Receptor ◽  
G Protein Coupled Receptors ◽  
Receptor Internalization ◽  
Type I ◽  
Receptor Desensitization ◽  
Gnrh Receptors ◽  
Carboxyl Terminal ◽  
G Protein Coupled

Regulatory elements present in the cytoplasmic carboxyl-terminal tails of G protein-coupled receptors contribute to agonist-dependent receptor desensitization, internalization, and association with accessory proteins such as β-arrestin. The mammalian type I GnRH receptors are unique among the rhodopsin-like G protein-coupled receptors because they lack a cytoplasmic carboxyl-terminal tail. In addition, they do not recruit β-arrestin, nor do they undergo rapid desensitization. By measuring the internalization of labeled GnRH agonists, previous studies have reported that mammalian type I GnRH receptors undergo slow agonist-dependent internalization. In the present study, we have measured the internalization of epitope-tagged GnRH receptors, both in the absence and presence of GnRH stimulation. We demonstrate that mammalian type I GnRH receptors exhibit a low level of constitutive agonist-independent internalization. Stimulation with GnRH agonist did not significantly enhance the level of receptor internalization above the constitutive level. In contrast, the catfish GnRH and rat TRH receptors, which have cytoplasmic carboxyl-terminal tails, displayed similar levels of constitutive agonist-independent internalization but underwent robust agonist-dependent internalization, as did chimeras of the mammalian type I GnRH receptor with the cytoplasmic carboxyl-terminal tails of the catfish GnRH receptor or the rat TRH receptor. When the carboxyl-terminal Tyr325 and Leu328 residues of the mammalian type I GnRH receptor were replaced with alanines, these two mutant receptors underwent significantly impaired internalization, suggesting a function for the Tyr-X-X-Leu sequence in mediating the constitutive agonist-independent internalization of mammalian type I GnRH receptors. These findings provide further support for the underlying notion that the absence of the cytoplasmic carboxyl-terminal tail of the mammalian type I GnRH receptors has been selected for during evolution to prevent rapid receptor desensitization and internalization to allow protracted GnRH signaling in mammals.

scholarly journals Cloning of GT box-binding proteins: a novel Sp1 multigene family regulating T-cell receptor gene expression.

1992 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 4251-4261 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Kingsley ◽  
A Winoto
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Multigene Family ◽  
Binding Proteins ◽  
Receptor Gene ◽  
Consensus Sequence ◽  
Gene Segment ◽  
Cell Receptor ◽  
Regulatory Elements

Analysis of a T-cell antigen receptor (TCR) alpha promoter from a variable gene segment (V) revealed a critical GT box element which is also found in upstream regions of several V alpha genes, TCR enhancer, and regulatory elements of other genes. This element is necessary for TCR gene expression and binds several proteins. These GT box-binding proteins were identified as members of a novel Sp1 multigene family. Two of them, which we term Sp2 and Sp3, were cloned. Sp2 and Sp3 contain zinc fingers and transactivation domains similar to those of Sp1. Like Sp1, Sp2 and Sp3 are expressed ubiquitously, and their in vitro-translated products bind to the GT box in TCR V alpha promoters. Sp3, in particular, also binds to the Sp1 consensus sequence GC box and has binding activity similar to that of Sp1. As the GT box has also previously been shown to play a role in gene regulation of other genes, these newly isolated Sp2 and Sp3 proteins might regulate expression not only of the TCR gene but of other genes as well.

Mammary gland-specific regulation of GNRH and GNRH-receptor gene expression is likely part of a local autoregulatory system in female vizcachas (Rodentia: Chinchillidae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 296 ◽  
pp. 113518
Author(s):  
María Clara Corso ◽  
Santiago Andrés Cortasa ◽  
Alejandro Raúl Schmidt ◽  
Sofía Proietto ◽  
Pablo Ignacio Felipe Inserra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Receptor Gene ◽  
Gnrh Receptor ◽  
Specific Regulation ◽  
Receptor Gene Expression

Cell-specific expression of the mouse gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) receptor gene is conferred by elements residing within 500 bp of proximal 5′ flanking region

Endocrine ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 3 (8) ◽  
pp. 615-622 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin M. Clay ◽  
Scott E. Nelson ◽  
Gina B. DiGregorio ◽  
Christine E. Campion ◽  
Amy L. Wiedemann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Receptor Gene ◽  
Gnrh Receptor ◽  
Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Releasing Hormone ◽  
Flanking Region

scholarly journals The Gonadotropins Subunits, GNRH and GNRH Receptor Gene Expression and Role of Carbon Monoxide in Seasonal Breeding Animals

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-23
Author(s):  
Maria Romerowicz-Misielak ◽  
Marek Koziorowski
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Receptor Gene ◽  
Hormone Secretion ◽  
Gnrh Receptor ◽  
Day Length ◽  
Seasonal Breeding ◽  
Receptor Gene Expression ◽  
Main Factor

The Gonadotropins Subunits, GNRH and GNRH Receptor Gene Expression and Role of Carbon Monoxide in Seasonal Breeding AnimalsSeasonality in reproduction occurs mainly in wild species and it is the result of natural selection. Signals to start or finish the period of reproductive activity, both environmental and hormonal depend on the neuroendocrine pathway - synthesis and secretion of pituitary hormones, luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), under the control of the hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons. Variable frequency of GnRH pulses is not only the main factor governing primary and preovulatory release of gonadotropins, but it can also play a role in the specific transcriptional activity of gonadotropin subunit genes (LHβ, FSHβ and Cga). However, changes in release of GnRH pulse pattern do not explain the preferential stimulation of the synthesis and secretion of gonadotropins in the annual reproductive cycle. In this regulation also a GnRH independent mechanism participates. It seems that the main factor responsible for the occurrence of the seasonal modulation of reproduction in sheep and other mammals, is significant changes in response of GnRH systems to gonadal steroids. The effect of carbon monoxide on regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis has not been studied to date. There is substantial evidence to suggest that it may play a role in the transduction of information on day length. The presence of heme oxygenase-2 in hypothalamic areas important for regulation of pituitary secretory function and in the pituitary itself suggests that carbon monoxide, the product of this enzyme, may participate in the regulation of hormone secretion by the pineal gland.

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