scholarly journals Seasonal changes in plasma testosterone concentrations and Leydig cell and accessory gland activity in the Cape horseshoe bat (Rhinolophus capensis)

Reproduction ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 413-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. T. F. Bernard
Keyword(s):  
Leydig Cell ◽  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Accessory Gland ◽  
Plasma Testosterone ◽  
Horseshoe Bat

Sex steroid levels and Leydig cell ultrastructure of the male common sheath-tail bat, Taphozous georgianus

1989 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 47 ◽  
Author(s):  
SE Jolly ◽  
AW Blackshaw
Keyword(s):  
Leydig Cell ◽  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Cell Ultrastructure ◽  
Accessory Gland ◽  
Plasma Testosterone ◽  
Reproductive Pattern ◽  
Testosterone Levels ◽  
Accessory Glands ◽  
The Face

Male sheath-tail bats were collected from central Queensland over a 12-month period. Plasma testosterone levels peaked in August, coincident with an increase in the volume of the accessory glands and ampulla/seminal vesicle secretion. Peak spermatogenesis occurred in summer and autumn and declined in the face of maximal testosterone levels in winter. Levels of androstenedione and 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone were high compared with testosterone levels and showed no significant seasonal changes. Ultrastructural examination of Leydig cell cytoplasm revealed numerous lipid droplets and mitochondria, and an abundant smooth endoplasmic reticulum. There were no seasonal changes in Leydig cell ultrastructure. The anomalous reproductive pattern in this species is consistent with the imposition of a cold-induced winter spermatogenic shutdown, on a framework of continuous spermatogenesis, with spring peaks in testosterone and accessory gland activity.

Postpuberal evaluation of spermiogram and hormonal status in patients operated on for cryptorchidism and testicular ectopia

1992 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 67-69
Author(s):  
P. Legovini ◽  
E. De Menis ◽  
G.C. Foscolo ◽  
F. Breda ◽  
G.C. Schiavon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leydig Cell ◽  
Sperm Count ◽  
Semen Analysis ◽  
Plasma Testosterone ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Hormonal Status ◽  
Cell Axis ◽  
Testicular Ectopia ◽  
Healthy Males

The pituitary-testicular axis and spermatogenesis, after puberty, have been evaluated in 93 patients, operated on for cryptorchidism and testicular ectopia, by the assessment of plasma testosterone, gonadotropins after GnRH stimulation and semen analysis. 12 healthy males formed the control group. Only bilateral cryptorchid patients showed abnormalities in the pituitary-Leydig cell axis with significantly higher basal and stimulated LH values than controls. Oligospermia was more frequent in cryptorchid cases (48%) than in ectopia (13%) and was accompanied by a significant increase of FSH concentration compared to controls. No relation was found between age at operation and sperm count. These data suggest that cryptorchidism and ectopia have different consequences on hormonal status and fertility.

scholarly journals Seasonal Changes in Gut Microbiota Diversity and Composition in the Greater Horseshoe Bat

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guohong Xiao ◽  
Sen Liu ◽  
Yanhong Xiao ◽  
Yue Zhu ◽  
Hanbo Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Horseshoe Bat ◽  
Microbiota Diversity

248. Oestrogen receptor beta is involved in the regulation of Leydig cell number in the mouse

2005 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
pp. 99
Author(s):  
M. Gould ◽  
H. D. Nicholson
Keyword(s):  
Leydig Cell ◽  
Sertoli Cells ◽  
Leydig Cells ◽  
Oestrogen Receptor ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Plasma Testosterone ◽  
Testis Weight ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Receptor Beta

Recent evidence suggests that oestrogen plays a physiological role in the testis. Both oestrogen receptor alpha and oestrogen receptor beta (ERb) are present in the testis and administration of oestrogen has been shown to inhibit the development of Sertoli, Leydig and germ cells. This study investigates the effect of ERb on the testis using ERb knockout mice (bERKO). Adult male bERKO mice (n=8) and their wild-type littermates (n=7) were killed at 11 weeks postpartum. One testis from each animal was fixed in Bouin’s fluid and embedded. Each testis was fractionated and thick sections cut and stained with PAS. The optical disector method was used to count the number of Leydig cells, Sertoli cells, spermatogonia, spermatocytes and spermatids in each testis. Trunk blood was collected and plasma testosterone concentrations measured by radioimmunoassay. No significant differences in body or testis weight were seen between the bERKO or wild-type mice. Similar numbers of Sertoli cells, spermatogonia, spermatocytes and spermatids were also observed between the two groups. The number of Leydig cells was significantly increased in bERKO mice compared with their wild-type littermates (P < 0.05). Despite the increased number of Leydig cells in the bERKO mice there was no significant difference in plasma testosterone concentrations in this group compared to the wild-type mice. Oestrogen has been reported to inhibit proliferation of adult-type Leydig cells and to inhibit steroidogenesis. This study suggests that the regulation of Leydig cell proliferation may be mediated by ERb. The presence of normal circulating testosterone concentrations in bERKO mice suggests that the effects of oestrogen on steroidogenesis are not brought about by ERbeta.

scholarly journals Seasonal Changes in Spermatogenesis of the Japanese Lesser Horseshoe Bat, Rhinolophus cornutus from a Morphological Viewpoint.

2002 ◽  
Vol 79 (4) ◽  
pp. 93-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masamichi KUROHMARU ◽  
Tetsuya SARUWATARI ◽  
Junpei KIMURA ◽  
Mitsuru MUKOHYAMA ◽  
Gen WATANABE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Horseshoe Bat

Testicular growth and hormonal parameters in the male Snell dwarf mouse

1987 ◽  
Vol 115 (3) ◽  
pp. 399-405 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. T. Hochereau-de Reviers ◽  
M. M. de Reviers ◽  
C. Monet-Kuntz ◽  
C. Perreau ◽  
I. Fontaine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sertoli Cells ◽  
Normal Values ◽  
Accessory Gland ◽  
Plasma Testosterone ◽  
Cell Multiplication ◽  
Daily Production ◽  
Testicular Growth ◽  
Adult Mice ◽  
Snell Dwarf ◽  
Dwarf Mice

Abstract. Dwarf mice show delayed testicular growth and their adult testis weights are half the normal value. The aims of the present work were firstly, to compare the developmental profiles of plasma gonadotropins and of testicular cell multiplication and differentiation in dwarf vs normal mice and secondly, to determine the effect of hMG supplementation on dwarf mice. In the dwarf mice no pubertal rise in plasma FSH was observed, and the adult values remained very low when compared with those of normal mice; plasma LH decreased after 40 days of age and remained equal to half the normal values. In adults, testicular testosterone content was greatly increased in dwarf mice compared with normal mice, whereas plasma testosterone and accessory gland weights were reduced. At 24 days of age, the total numbers per testis of Leydig and Sertoli cells were reduced in dwarf vs normal mice, whereas in adult mice their differentiation, but not their total numbers, was reduced. This resulted in lower daily production of leptotene primary spermatocytes and of round spermatids in dwarf than in normal mice. hMG supplementation promoted Leydig and Sertoli cell multiplication, but did not produce full differentiation, resulting in increased daily production of round spermatids. In conclusion, in adult dwarf mice a deficiency in plasma gonadotropins prevents full differentiation of Leydig and Sertoli cells without affecting the number of these cells.

scholarly journals Intraoperative Testosterone Assay for Virilizing Ovarian Tumor Topographic Assessment: Report of a Leydig Cell Tumor of the Ovary in a Premenopausal Woman with an Adrenal Incidentaloma

2002 ◽  
Vol 87 (7) ◽  
pp. 3074-3077 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Regnier ◽  
A. Bennet ◽  
D. Malet ◽  
T. Guez ◽  
M. Plantavid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leydig Cell ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Premenopausal Women ◽  
Adrenal Incidentaloma ◽  
Leydig Cell Tumor ◽  
Cell Tumor ◽  
Plasma Testosterone ◽  
Ovarian Vein ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Automated Technique

Ovarian virilizing tumors are rare and can lead to assessment difficulties because of their small size. A 41-yr-old female was referred for evaluation of hirsutism that had increased within the previous 3 yr. Menstrual cycle length was normal. Plasma testosterone was 3.9 ng/ml (normal range, 0.2–0.8 ng/ml), was not suppressible by 2 mg dexamethasone (4.3 ng/ml), and was increased (6.3 ng/ml) after three daily injections of hCG (5000 IU). Abdominal computed tomography scan showed an adrenal nodule (13 × 6 mm) that remained unchanged after 3 months. Ultrasound examination of the pelvis was normal. Ovarian and adrenal venous catheterization did not yield additional information. Topographic assessment was made by intraoperative measurement of testosterone in the samples taken from each ovarian vein (competitive chemiluminescent immunoassay ADVIA Centaur; right ovarian vein, 105 ng/ml; left ovarian vein, 5 ng/ml; peripheral blood, 7 ng/ml). Right annexectomy resulted in normalization of testosterone levels (0.22 ng/ml). Histopathological examination found a Leydig cell tumor of hilar type (1.5 cm). This observation illustrates the usefulness of intraoperative measurement of testosterone by a rapid automated technique for topographic assessment of ovarian virilizing tumor in premenopausal women.

scholarly journals Evaluation of endocrine testing of Leydig cell function using extractive and recombinant human chorionic gonadotropin and different doses of recombinant human LH in normal men

2008 ◽  
Vol 159 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Cailleux-Bounacer ◽  
Yves Reznik ◽  
Bruno Cauliez ◽  
Jean François Menard ◽  
Céline Duparc ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chorionic Gonadotropin ◽  
Leydig Cell ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Dose Effect ◽  
Plasma Testosterone ◽  
Testosterone Levels ◽  
Plasma Estradiol ◽  
Normal Men ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Leydig Cell Function

BackgroundThe functional testing of endocrine testis uses extractive human chorionic gonadotropin (ehCG). Recombinant human hCG (rhCG), avoiding any contamination, should replace ehCG. Moreover, a functional evaluation with recombinant human LH (rhLH) would be closer to physiology than a pharmacological testing with hCG.MethodsThe study was conducted in normal men. We first evaluated the dose–effect of ehCG on plasma testosterone and estradiol levels, before and after injection of either hCG or vehicle. Secondly, the responses to the optimal dose of ehCG were compared with those of rhCG. Thirdly, we investigated the dose–effect of rhLH, on steroid hormone secretion. LH, testosterone, and estradiol plasma levels were measured after the injection of either rhLH or placebo.ResultsehCG induced dose-dependent increases in plasma estradiol and testosterone levels. They respectively peaked at 24 and 72 h after the injection. The most potent dose of ehCG (5000 IU) induced results similar to those observed with 250 μg (6500 IU) rhCG. By comparison with placebo, rhLH induced a significant and dose-dependent increase in plasma testosterone levels 4 h after the injection. Peak response of testosterone to rhLH and rhCG was significantly correlated. rhLH did not induce significant change in plasma estradiol level.ConclusionsIn normal men, a single i.v. injection of 150 IU rhLH induces a 25% rise in plasma testosterone levels by comparison with placebo. At the moment, the dynamic evaluation using hCG remains the gold standard test to explore the Leydig cell function. The use of 250 μg rhCG avoiding any contamination should be recommended.

Virilization of a post-menopausal woman by a testosterone-secreting Leydig cell type adrenal adenoma

1981 ◽  
Vol 98 (2) ◽  
pp. 274-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. N. Trost ◽  
M. P. Koenig ◽  
A. Zimmermann ◽  
M. Zachmann ◽  
J. Müller
Keyword(s):  
Leydig Cell ◽  
Adrenal Adenoma ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Adrenal Vein ◽  
Plasma Testosterone ◽  
Menopausal Woman ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Bilateral Oophorectomy ◽  
Testosterone Concentration ◽  
Post Menopausal

Abstract. In a 60 year old virilized woman the plasma testosterone concentration was markedly elevated, whereas the plasma cortisol and ACTH as well as urinary 17-ketosteroids, 17-hydroxycorticoids, pregnanetriol and dehydroepiandrosterone were normal. The plasma levels of LH and FSH were in the post-menopausal range. Dexamethasone suppressed the urinary 17-ketosteroids, 17-hydroxycorticoids and pregnanetriol normally, but had no effect upon the plasma testosterone. These findings led to the tentative diagnosis of an ovarian hilus cell tumour. However, bilateral oophorectomy revealed bilateral hyperthecosis without a tumour and did not result in any decrease of the plasma testosterone level. An attempt of adrenal vein catheterization succeeded only on the left side. The lack of a gradient in the testosterone concentration between blood from the left adrenal vein and a peripheral vein prompted a surgical exploration of the right adrenal gland, which led to the discovery and removal of an encapsulated Leydig cell type adenoma, characterized by Reinke's crystalloids. A testosterone concentration gradient between right adrenal and peripheral venous blood obtained intra-operatively, rapid normalization of the plasma testosterone concentration post-operatively, results of a tumour incubation study as well as the clinical outcome proved that this adenoma had been the source of the excessive androgen. A history of a late menarche and persistent menstrual irregularities together with elevated gonadotrophins in spite of excessive testosterone pointed to the possibility of a longstanding gonadotrophin-dependent gonadal cell population in the adrenal, which was fully activated only by the menopausal gonadotrophin rise.

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