scholarly journals Evaluating the effects of cellulolytic enzymes and Lactobacillus bulgaricus on mycotoxins production and the quality of maize silage

BioResources ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 8366-8378
Author(s):  
Marwah M. Bakri
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Lactobacillus Bulgaricus ◽  
Cellulolytic Enzymes ◽  
Cellulolytic Enzyme ◽  
Maize Silage ◽  
Chromatography Analysis ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Mycotoxigenic Fungi ◽  
The Impact

Fungal spoilage and mycotoxin contamination are two of the greatest hazards of silage. The present work was carried out to evaluate the impact of Lactobacillus bulgaricus and cellulolytic enzymes on the maize silage (MS) quality. Fungal analysis of different MS samples showed different mycotoxigenic fungi. The highest frequency (62.8%) was associated with Fusarium spp. Four species with different relative densities were found: F. graminearum (71.1%), F. culmorum (15.2%), F. proliferatum (11.2%), and F. oxysporum (2.50 %). High-performance liquid chromatography analysis showed the presence of trichothecene, nivalenol, zearalenone, and fumonisins mycotoxins in MS inoculated by F. graminearum. The inhibition % of trichothecene, nivalenol, and zearalenone synthesis was 50.2%, 47.5%, and 23.5%, respectively, in MS inoculated by Lactobacillus bulgaricus after a 30 d incubation period. Trichoderma harzianum succeeded in producing cellulolytic enzymes, i.e., carboxymethyl cellulase, manganase peroxidase, and laccase, with a maximum production of 350 µg/mL, 5.47 µg/mL, and 16.0 µg/mL, respectively, after 21 d using MS as the substrate. Treatment by the extracted cellulolytic enzyme with L. bulgaricus enhanced unfavorable conditions for MS fungal contamination, i.e., the production of lactic acid, a lowered pH, and increased L. bulgaricus colony-forming units, compared to the addition of enzyme extract or L. bulgaricus alone.

scholarly journals The impact of bacterial contamination of the ejaculate and extender on the quality of swine semen doses

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 3095 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Maria Groehs Goldberg ◽  
Marisa Cardoso ◽  
Mari Lourdes Bernardi ◽  
Ivo Wentz ◽  
Fernando Pandolfo Bortolozzo
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Contamination ◽  
Sperm Morphology ◽  
No Reduction ◽  
Degree Of Contamination ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Semen Processing ◽  
Semen Extender ◽  
Contamination Levels ◽  
The Impact

The aim of this study was to verify the influence of the degree of bacterial contamination of boar ejaculate and semen extender on the quality of semen doses. The experiment was conducted in four boar studs, from which raw semen and two semen doses from each ejaculate were collected to evaluate the number of colony-forming units (CFU), pH, sperm morphology and motility. Extender samples were also evaluated for CFU. Ejaculates that had higher levels of contamination ( > 220 CFU mL-1) resulted in semen doses with a greater degree of bacterial contamination but with no reduction in motility or alteration in pH. When the semen doses were classified according to the degree of contamination of the extender, a decrease in motility was observed after 108 and 168 h of storage (P < 0.05) in the group whose extender had ? 14,000 CFU mL-1 versus the group whose extender had ? 330 CFU mL-1. The pH remained stable during 168 h of storage in semen doses with extender that had lower contamination levels, but decreased from 7.2 to 6.0 between 24 and 168 h of storage (P < 0.05) in the group with extender that had higher levels of contamination. A higher number of abnormal acrosomes (P < 0.05) were observed after 168 h of storage in the semen doses whose extender was highly contaminated. The production of semen doses with low bacterial contamination and high sperm cell viability will only be possible with a strict hygienic control in semen processing, primarily with respect to the extender, combined with minimal contamination during collection.

scholarly journals Tuned Forest Fire Prediction: Static Calibration of the Evolutionary Component of ‘ESS’

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Germán Bianchini ◽  
Paola Caymes Scutari
Keyword(s):  
Forest Fires ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Statistical System ◽  
Static Calibration ◽  
Parameters Tuning ◽  
System Output ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Performance Computing

Forest fires are a major risk factor with strong impact at eco-environmental and socio- economical levels, reasons why their study and modeling are very important. However, the models frequently have a certain level of uncertainty in some input parameters given that they must be approximated or estimated, as a consequence of diverse difficulties to accurately measure the conditions of the phenomenon in real time. This has resulted in the development of several methods for the uncertainty reduction, whose trade-off between accuracy and complexity can vary significantly. The system ESS (Evolutionary- Statistical System) is a method whose aim is to reduce the uncertainty, by combining Statistical Analysis, High Performance Computing (HPC) and Parallel Evolutionary Al- gorithms (PEAs). The PEAs use several parameters that require adjustment and that determine the quality of their use. The calibration of the parameters is a crucial task for reaching a good performance and to improve the system output. This paper presents an empirical study of the parameters tuning to evaluate the effectiveness of different configurations and the impact of their use in the Forest Fires prediction.

Abstract 12065: CPR Prompting Devices: Unintended Consequences Impacting High Performers

Circulation ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 132 (suppl_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christie L Mulvey ◽  
Sally J Rudy ◽  
David L Rodgers ◽  
Tammi J Bortner ◽  
Elizabeth H Sinz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Unintended Consequences ◽  
Entire Group ◽  
Chest Compressions ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
High Performers ◽  
Cpr Quality ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Level Group

Introduction: Prompting devices for chest compressions have been advocated as a means of improving CPR quality in previous AHA guidelines. Studies have shown overall CPR quality improves with the use of these devices. Hypothesis: This study compared the impact of prompting devices on providers with varying levels of experience and proficiency. Methods: A convenience sample of 53 subjects with varying degrees of CPR experience, ranging from zero to frequent opportunities to perform CPR, were enrolled. Using a skills recording CPR manikin, data on each subject’s chest compression performance was obtained. All subjects performed an initial one-minute cycle of continuous chest compressions with no prompting device. After a brief rest, subjects were randomized to use one of two CPR prompting devices (Philips MRX with Q-CPR or Laerdal Medical CPRmeter). An additional one minute of CPR was conducted with the first device. Subjects were then crossed over to use the other prompting device after another brief rest. Results: Across the entire group, nearly all parameters significantly improved with the prompting devices, confirming previous studies on the efficacy of CPR prompting devices. However, when subjects’ results were examined by breaking the group into three performance levels (high, medium and low) based on the Overall CPR Score generated by the manikin software, there were differences in performance. Paired t -tests were conducted on the low and high performance groups. The low-level group significantly improved across 7 of 8 variables with both devices. The high-level group had only minor changes from baseline (both positive and negative) in most variables, but had significant or near significant decrease in proficiency in one variable - percent correctly released compressions ( p = 0.011 for Philips device; p = 0.052 for the Laerdal device). Conclusions: CPR prompting devices improve the overall quality of chest compressions. Individuals with existing high performance CPR skills could be distracted by the device, reducing the quality of compressions compared to using no device. When a CPR prompting device is introduced into a health care system, all providers, especially high performers, require practice with the device in order to acclimate to its use.

QoS Oriented Enhancement based on the Analysis of Dynamic Job Scheduling in HPC

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 28-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reshmi Raveendran ◽  
D. Shanthi Saravanan
Keyword(s):  
Resource Allocation ◽  
Quality Of Service ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Job Scheduling ◽  
Dynamic Scheduling ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Dynamic Allocation ◽  
The Impact

With the advent of High Performance Computing (HPC) in the large-scale parallel computational environment, better job scheduling and resource allocation techniques are required to deliver Quality of Service (QoS). Therefore, job scheduling on a large-scale parallel system has been studied to minimize the queue time, response time, and to maximize the overall system utilization. The objective of this paper is to touch upon the recent methods used for dynamic resource allocation across multiple computing nodes and the impact of scheduling algorithms. In addition, a quantitative approach which explains a trend line analysis on dynamic allocation for batch processors is depicted. Throughout the survey, the trends in research on dynamic allocation and parallel computing is identified, besides, highlights the potential areas for future research and development. This study proposes the design for an efficient dynamic scheduling algorithm based on the Quality-of-Service. The analysis provides a compelling research platform to optimize dynamic scheduling of jobs in HPC.

scholarly journals The use of lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases in anaerobic digestion of lignocellulosic materials

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thales H. F. Costa ◽  
Vincent G. H. Eijsink ◽  
Svein Jarle Horn
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Methane Production ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Process Efficiency ◽  
Cellulolytic Enzymes ◽  
Cellulolytic Enzyme ◽  
Lignocellulosic Materials ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Enzyme Preparations ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background The recent discovery that LPMOs can work under anaerobic conditions when supplied with low amounts H2O2 opens the possibility of using LPMOs as enzyme aids in biogas reactors to increase methane yields from lignocellulosic materials. We have explored this possibility by studying anaerobic digestion of various lignocellulosic materials: Avicel, milled spruce and birch wood, and a lignin-rich hydrolysis residue from steam-exploded birch. The digestions were added LPMOs and various cellulolytic enzyme cocktails and were carried out with or without addition of H2O2. Results In several cases, enzyme addition had a beneficial effect on methane production, which was partly due to components present in the enzyme preparations. It was possible to detect LPMO activity during the initial phases of the anaerobic digestions of Avicel, and in some cases LPMO activity could be correlated with improved methane production from lignocellulosic materials. However, a positive effect on methane production was only seen when LPMOs were added together with cellulases, and never upon addition of LPMOs only. Generally, the experimental outcomes showed substrate-dependent variations in process efficiency and the importance of LPMOs and added H2O2. These differences could relate to variations in the type and content of lignin, which again will affect the activity of the LPMO, the fate of the added H2O2 and the generation of potentially damaging reactive-oxygen species. The observed effects showed that the interplay between cellulases and LPMOs is important for the overall efficiency of the process. Conclusion This study shows that it may be possible to harness the power of LPMOs in anaerobic digestion processes and improve biogas production, but also highlight the complexity of the reaction systems at hand. One complicating factor was that the enzymes themselves and other organic components in the enzyme preparations acted as substrates for biogas production, meaning that good control reactions were essential to detect effects caused by enzyme activity. As also observed during regular aerobic enzymatic digestion of lignocellulosic biomass, the type and contents of lignin in the substrates likely plays a major role in determining the impact of LPMOs and of cellulolytic enzymes in general. More work is needed to unravel the interplay between LPMOs, O2, H2O2, and the multitude of redox-active components found in anaerobic bioreactors degrading lignocellulosic substrates.

Evaluation of the Impact of Varied Carvacrol Concentrations on Salmonella Recovery in Oregano and How Corn Oil Can Minimize the Effect of Carvacrol during Preenrichment

2018 ◽  
Vol 81 (6) ◽  
pp. 977-985 ◽  
Author(s):  
JUNIA JEAN-GILLES BEAUBRUN ◽  
NICOLE ADDY ◽  
ZACHARY KELTNER ◽  
SAMANTHA FARRIS ◽  
LAURA EWING ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Foodborne Pathogens ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Growth Region ◽  
Selective Enrichment ◽  
Chromatography Analysis ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Salmonella Survival ◽  
Performance Liquid Chromatography Analysis

ABSTRACT Phenolic compounds, like carvacrol, in oregano interfere with the detection of foodborne pathogens such as Salmonella enterica. Carvacrol concentration varies based on plant cultivars and growth region. Six oregano cultivars were used to compare the impact of carvacrol concentration on Salmonella and to evaluate the effectiveness of corn oil to help increase Salmonella survival for detection. The results of Agilent 1200 series high-performance liquid chromatography analysis showed that carvacrol concentration in the six oregano cultivars ranged from 64 to 11,200 ppm. Oregano samples were artificially contaminated with S. enterica and were preenriched in Trypticase soy broth with or without 2% (v/v) corn oil. After 18 to 24 h at 37°C, aliquots were transferred to selective enrichment broths. Salmonella was recovered onto xylose lysine Tergitol 4 agar. Six Salmonella serovars were compared, and recovery varied based on carvacrol concentration and serovar. Samples with higher concentrations of carvacrol showed Salmonella recovery only when they were preenriched with corn oil. Based on metagenomic analysis, the microflora associated with the oregano also varied per cultivar. The results show that, as carvacrol levels increased, Salmonella survival decreased. However, the addition of corn oil to the preenrichment broth can minimize the antimicrobial effects of the phenolic compounds, thus allowing for increased detection of Salmonella from oregano cultivars.

scholarly journals Influence of unevened grains of metal on the mechanical properties of seamless hot – rolled pipes.

2020 ◽  
pp. 31-33
Author(s):  
I. A. Kovaleva ◽  
N. A. Khodosovskaya ◽  
M. V. Oborov
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
World Market ◽  
Grain Structure ◽  
Pressure Drops ◽  
Impact Performance ◽  
Hot Rolled ◽  
The Impact

Seamless hot – rolled pipes are a popular metal product on the world market. During operation, pipelines are subjected to cyclic loads associated with temperature fluctuations, vibrations near compressor stations, and pressure drops in the transformed medium. One of the ways to ensure high performance properties is to manage the quality of pipe metal, including that laid in the process of metallurgical production. All the basic physical and mechanical properties of metal materials are structurally sensitive and significantly depend on both the grain size and the degree of uniformity of the grain structure, that is, on the different grain sizes. For metallographic research, samples of pipes with the size of 70,0×12,5 mm of S460NH steel were selected with satisfactory (#1) and unsatisfactory (#2) results of the impact. It was found that the inhomogeneous (multi – grained) microstructure in sample #2 was the reason for obtaining unsatisfactory results of the impact. As a result, it was found that one of the most important characteristics that can guarantee stable and satisfactory results of mechanical characteristics, in particular the impact performance, is a homogeneous grain structure.

scholarly journals Use of a Pulsed Electric Field to Improve the Biogas Potential of Maize Silage

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 119
Author(s):  
Dawid Szwarc ◽  
Karolina Szwarc
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Retention Time ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Complex Structure ◽  
Control Sample ◽  
Pulsed Electric Field ◽  
Cellulolytic Enzymes ◽  
Maize Silage ◽  
Conversion Rates ◽  
The Impact

Some types of biomass require great inputs to guarantee high conversion rates to methane. The complex structure of lignocellulose impedes its penetration by cellulolytic enzymes, as a result of which a longer retention time is necessary to increase the availability of nutrients. To use the full biogas potential of lignocellulosic substrates, a substrate pretreatment is necessary before the proper methane fermentation. This article discusses the impact of the pretreatment of maize silage with a pulsed electric field on biogas productivity. The experiment showed a slight decrease in cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin content in the substrate following pretreatment with a pulsed electric field, which resulted in a higher carbohydrate content in the liquid substrate fraction. The highest biogas production output was obtained for the pretreated sample at the retention time of 180 s for 751.97 mL/g volatile solids (VS), which was approximately 14% higher than for the control sample. The methane production rate for the control sample was 401.83 mL CH4/g VS, and for the sample following disintegration it was 465.62 mL CH4/g VS. The study found that pretreatment of maize silage with a pulsed electric field increased the biogas potential.

scholarly journals A High-Performance Genetic Algorithm: Using Traveling Salesman Problem as a Case

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chun-Wei Tsai ◽  
Shih-Pang Tseng ◽  
Ming-Chao Chiang ◽  
Chu-Sing Yang ◽  
Tzung-Pei Hong
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Algorithm ◽  
Traveling Salesman Problem ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Computation Time ◽  
Traveling Salesman ◽  
Final Solution ◽  
Extensive Analysis ◽  
The Traveling Salesman Problem ◽  
The Impact

This paper presents a simple but efficient algorithm for reducing the computation time of genetic algorithm (GA) and its variants. The proposed algorithm is motivated by the observation that genes common to all the individuals of a GA have a high probability of surviving the evolution and ending up being part of the final solution; as such, they can be saved away to eliminate the redundant computations at the later generations of a GA. To evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithm, we use it not only to solve the traveling salesman problem but also to provide an extensive analysis on the impact it may have on the quality of the end result. Our experimental results indicate that the proposed algorithm can significantly reduce the computation time of GA and GA-based algorithms while limiting the degradation of the quality of the end result to a very small percentage compared to traditional GA.

The Impact of Culture on Innovation: the moderating role of Human Capital

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 607 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Adil Jan ◽  
Syed Muhammad Amir Shah ◽  
Kashif Ullah Khan
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Product Innovation ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Organization Culture ◽  
Competitive Edge ◽  
Hierarchical Cultures ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Moderating Role

Innovation plays an important role in developing the economy, to expand and sustain the high performance of firms, to maintain competitive edge in industry and improved the standard living and in creating a better quality of life. In Adhocratic culture, openness provides to employees and no fear of doing faults or getting things wrong to be done, human capital are the creative peoples and if democratic organizational culture is provided to them the organization can be find more innovative. The focus of current study was on the link between organizational cultures and innovation. Although the literature suggests the relevance of culture in increasing innovation, there is a lack of empirical evidence supporting this relation, which this study has explored. Our findings provide support for this relation. Furthermore we found that the organization culture can enhance product innovation, but that it can also inhibit it depending on the values that culture fosters. In particular we found that product innovation is positively associated to adhocracy cultures and has a negative relation to the hierarchical cultures.

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