scholarly journals FUNDING AND FINANCE ISSUES RELATED TO THE DECOMMISSIONING OF BRAZILIAN NPPS

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3A) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Artur Pinheiro Palma ◽  
Anna Leticia Barbosa De Souza ◽  
Amir Zacarias Mesquita
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Regulatory Body ◽  
Operating Life ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Under Construction ◽  
Finite Arithmetic

It has been a consensus in the Academy that, for a nation to grow and develop in economic terms, an adequate supply of power should be available to provide its industrial sector as well as the needs of its people. Brazil did in the past make the decision to use the power generated from a nuclear source in its power generation matrix. The country today has two nuclear power plants in operation, Angra I and Angra II, with a third plant currently under construction, Angra III. The Angra I facility is nearly 40 years old and, should this country not manage to extend its lease of life, it should be decommissioned and taken apart, as provisioned for in prevailing legislation. In order to face the decommissioning costs of a nuclear power generation facility a sizeable amount of financial resources should be available to implement the decommissioning plan the operator is required to submit to the regulatory body. As the expected operating life of a nuclear power plant is of 40 years, some extensions were added to it to see the facilities go through successive and different governments and economic plans. This work studies some of the economic and financial aspects that go into the decommissioning of the Angra I power plant, pursuant to the IAEA documents published on the subject, covering different scenarios for yearly interest and the manner of the deposits, such as those of an uniform series of deposits and those of a growing and finite arithmetic progression.

scholarly journals Global risk from the atmospheric dispersion of radionuclides by nuclear power plant accidents in the coming decades

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 30287-30309 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Christoudias ◽  
Y. Proestos ◽  
J. Lelieveld
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Nuclear Power Plant ◽  
General Circulation ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Atmospheric Dispersion ◽  
Circulation Model ◽  
Global Risk ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Under Construction

Abstract. We estimate the global risk from the release and atmospheric dispersion of radionuclides from nuclear power plant accidents using the EMAC atmospheric chemistry–general circulation model. We included all nuclear reactors that are currently operational, under construction and planned or proposed. We implemented constant continuous emissions from each location in the model and simulated atmospheric transport and removal via dry and wet deposition processes over 20 yr (2010–2030), driven by boundary conditions based on the IPCC A2 future emissions scenario. We present global overall and seasonal risk maps for potential surface layer concentrations and ground deposition of radionuclides, and estimate potential dosages to humans from the inhalation and the exposure to ground deposited radionuclides. We find that the risk of harmful doses due to inhalation is typically highest during boreal winter due to relatively shallow boundary layer development and reduced mixing. Based on the continued operation of the current nuclear power plants, we calculate that the risk of radioactive contamination to the citizens of the USA will remain to be highest worldwide, followed by India and France. By including stations under construction and those that are planned and proposed our results suggest that the risk will become highest in China, followed by India and the USA.

Risk Perceptions of Resuming Nuclear Power Plant Operations After Fukushima: A Student Survey

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (sp) ◽  
pp. 789-797
Author(s):  
Kami Seo ◽  
◽  
Tadahiro Motoyoshi ◽  
Yasunobu Maeda ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Nuclear Power Plant ◽  
Risk Perceptions ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Nuclear Energy ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Nuclear Power Generation

Quake-induced accident of Fukushima nuclear power plant in 2011 triggered heated argument about the country’s energy policy in Japan. Although many people recognized the risk of nuclear energy use, they did not necessarily support the option of abandoning the technology for the near future. This paper focuses on how people perceive risks associated with and without nuclear power generation and how perceived risks affect their opinion. We conducted questionnaire survey targeting 18–20 year old university students, the stakeholders in the future. The survey was implemented in 2013–2014 when none of Japan’s nuclear power plants was in active use. Three quarters of the respondents answered that a future with nuclear power generation was more realistic than without it. The aspects dividing the two groups, i.e., respondents who expect a future with or without nuclear energy use were their evaluations of three themes: (1) the feasibility of renewable energy sources, (2) the impacts in the safety of developing nations’ nuclear power generation, and (3) the difficulty in gaining the acceptance of residents near the power plants. Meanwhile, both groups above were similarly positive about technological innovation, and were similarly and strongly negative about developing safety management.

Reformation of Regulatory Technical Standards for Nuclear Power Generation Equipments in Japan

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikio Kurihara ◽  
Masahiro Aoki ◽  
Yu Maruyama ◽  
Kiyosi Takasaka ◽  
Shigetada Nakajo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Industrial Safety ◽  
Background Information ◽  
Regulatory Body ◽  
Nuclear Power Generation ◽  
Technical Standards ◽  
Regulatory Review ◽  
Performance Specifications

Comprehensive reformation of the regulatory system has been introduced in Japan in order to apply recent technical progress in a timely manner. “The Technical Standards for Nuclear Power Generation Equipments”, known as the Ordinance No.622) of the Ministry of International Trade and Industry, which is used for detailed design, construction and operating stage of Nuclear Power Plants, was being modified to performance specifications with the consensus codes and standards being used as prescriptive specifications, in order to facilitate prompt review of the Ordinance with response to technological innovation. The activities on modification were performed by the Nuclear and Industrial Safety Agency (NISA), the regulatory body in Japan, with support of the Japan Nuclear Energy Safety Organization (JNES), a technical support organization. The revised Ordinance No.62 was issued on July 1, 2005 and is enforced from January 1 2006. During the period from the issuance to the enforcement, JNES carried out to prepare enforceable regulatory guide which complies with each provisions of the Ordinance No.62, and also made technical assessment to endorse the applicability of consensus codes and standards, in response to NISA’s request. Some consensus codes and standards were re-assessed since they were already used in regulatory review of the construction plan submitted by licensee. Other consensus codes and standards were newly assessed for endorsement. In case that proper consensus code or standards were not prepared, details of regulatory requirements were described in the regulatory guide as immediate measures. At the same time, appropriate standards developing bodies were requested to prepare those consensus code or standards. Supplementary note which provides background information on the modification, applicable examples etc. was prepared for convenience to the users of the Ordinance No. 62. This paper shows the activities on modification and the results, following the NISA’s presentation at ICONE-13 that introduced the framework of the performance specifications and the modification process of the Ordinance NO. 62.

Dynamic Balance and Vibration Control on Field of the Fan L9DVN272ZV in Lingao Nuclear Power Plant

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiangxiang Dong ◽  
Zhaojie Li
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Dynamic Balance ◽  
Dynamic Balancing ◽  
Effective Measure ◽  
Vibration Data ◽  
Vibration Attenuation ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Rotor Mass

Dynamic balancing is an effective measure for adjusting an unbalanced fan rotor mass to within its allowable limits. This is a typically implemented method used in nuclear power plants for resolving fan rotor unbalance conditions. The operating spectrum of L9DVN272ZV has always been the fundamental component of the vibration frequency since finding the fan high vibration. This paper discusses the balance process of the subject fan. The vibration data collected was evaluated to aid in selecting the proper method of vibration attenuation. Ultimately the fan vibration was reduced to within the specified allowable limits.

scholarly journals The role of the Kola nuclear power plant in Murmansk region energy.

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (7-2020) ◽  
pp. 72-81
Author(s):  
Nikolai M. Kuznetsov ◽  
◽  
Valerii A. Minin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Nuclear Power Plant ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Electric Power System ◽  
Hydroelectric Power ◽  
Operating Life ◽  
North West ◽  
Murmansk Region

The determining value of the Kola NPP in the structure of the Kola electric power system is shown. The mutually complementary operation of the 1,760 MW KAES with seventeen hydroelectric power stations with a capacity of about 1,600 MW and two 240 MW thermal power plants makes the region's power supply system unique, producing the cheapest electricity in the North-West of Russia. The issues related to the further extension of the operating life of the existing nuclear power plant and the construction of theKola NPP-2 in the future are considered.

scholarly journals Increasing Revenue of Nuclear Power Plants With Thermal Storage

2019 ◽  
Vol 142 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Borowiec ◽  
Aaron Wysocki ◽  
Samuel Shaner ◽  
Michael S. Greenwood ◽  
Matthew Ellis
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Nuclear Power Plant ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Nuclear Power Plants ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Thermal Storage

Abstract Introducing large amounts of electricity produced from variable renewable energy sources such as wind and solar decreases wholesale electricity price while increasing the volatility of the market. These conditions drive the need for peak-load power generation, while regulation requirements fuel the push for flexible power generation. The increase of variable renewable energy in the market share, along with falling natural gas prices, makes nuclear power plants less competitive. Thermal storage is being considered to increase the nuclear power plant revenue. Thermal storage increases the flexibility of the nuclear plant system without sacrificing its efficiency. There are multiple opportunities to increase the nuclear power plant revenue, including increased capacity payments, arbitrage, and ancillary services. An economic analysis was performed to investigate the revenue increase of the system with thermal storage. The investment cost was assessed, and net present value was evaluated for the considered scenarios. Two system designs were considered in the analysis: a thermal storage system using the existing power conversion infrastructure and an integrated design with thermal storage fully incorporated into the reactor system design. The preliminary analysis showed that introducing a thermal storage system is profitable for some scenarios considered. Profitability depends significantly on the storage size, output flexibility, share of variable renewable energy, and market characteristics.

On-Site Partial Discharge Monitoring System in Generator at Tanjung Bin Power Plant, Johor, Malaysia

2013 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. H. Muhamad ◽  
Y. Z. Arief ◽  
W. A. Izzati ◽  
Z. Adzis ◽  
M. A. B. Sidik
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Monitoring System ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Partial Discharge ◽  
Good Condition ◽  
Stator Winding ◽  
Discharge Monitoring ◽  
Generator Stator

Power generation is a business that ought to satisfy industrial and consumer electrical power needs. Power generation technology has emerged from conventional power plants, which are mostly steam power plants, evolving into more complicated nuclear power plants. While the mechanical arrangements in the power plants are usually unique and distinct from one another, their electrical assemblies are almost the same; the major factor considered is sizing of the electrical equipments. The electrical generator is therefore one of the fundamental equipment that every power plant must have. In principle, the generator is crucial equipment that needs proper maintenance in order to produce steady output supply. The objective of this study is to is to conduct on-site partial discharge monitoring system of 3 unit generators stator winding at Tanjung Bin Power Plant, Johor, Malaysia as condition based monitoring (CBM) system. Partial discharge characteristics of unit 10, 20 and 30 generators stator winding were compared respectively. Software designed by Iris LP was used throughout these processes. The software-PDView demonstrates graphical view of the partial discharge occurrence in the generator stator winding. Compiled data were analyzed using Microsoft Excel in order to establish an evaluation of the generator stator winding.  The analyzed results showed that all generators were in good condition.

Nuclear Power Plants and Maintainability

1965 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 355-361
Author(s):  
F. C. Mcginty
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Nuclear Power Plant ◽  
Human Factors ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Nuclear Energy ◽  
Nuclear Power Plants ◽  
Developmental Programs

The expanding use of nuclear energy in the power generation field is such that the maintainability aspects of design and maintenance concepts will soon be of interest to an increasingly larger number of designers, logisticians and human factors engineers. This article presents a broad-brush treatment of the effect that radiations have on maintenance of nuclear power plants. It provides examples of how an acceptable degree of maintainability is achieved on a specific military nuclear power plant despite these deadly radiations. A brief glimpse at present developmental programs that will significantly improve the maintainability of nuclear power plants is presented.

Fuzzy multi-objective decision making approach for nuclear power plant installation

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 6339-6350
Author(s):  
Esra Çakır ◽  
Ziya Ulukan
Keyword(s):  
Linear Programming ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Nuclear Power Plant ◽  
Energy Supply ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Total Duration ◽  
Objective Functions ◽  
Multi Objective

Due to the increase in energy demand, many countries suffer from energy poverty because of insufficient and expensive energy supply. Plans to use alternative power like nuclear power for electricity generation are being revived among developing countries. Decisions for installation of power plants need to be based on careful assessment of future energy supply and demand, economic and financial implications and requirements for technology transfer. Since the problem involves many vague parameters, a fuzzy model should be an appropriate approach for dealing with this problem. This study develops a Fuzzy Multi-Objective Linear Programming (FMOLP) model for solving the nuclear power plant installation problem in fuzzy environment. FMOLP approach is recommended for cases where the objective functions are imprecise and can only be stated within a certain threshold level. The proposed model attempts to minimize total duration time, total cost and maximize the total crash time of the installation project. By using FMOLP, the weighted additive technique can also be applied in order to transform the model into Fuzzy Multiple Weighted-Objective Linear Programming (FMWOLP) to control the objective values such that all decision makers target on each criterion can be met. The optimum solution with the achievement level for both of the models (FMOLP and FMWOLP) are compared with each other. FMWOLP results in better performance as the overall degree of satisfaction depends on the weight given to the objective functions. A numerical example demonstrates the feasibility of applying the proposed models to nuclear power plant installation problem.

Human reliability in non-destructive inspections of nuclear power plant components: modeling and analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2B) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanderley Vasconcelos ◽  
Wellington Antonio Soares ◽  
Raissa Oliveira Marques ◽  
Silvério Ferreira Silva Jr ◽  
Amanda Laureano Raso
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Nuclear Power Plant ◽  
Human Factors ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Human Reliability ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Plant Components

Non-destructive inspection (NDI) is one of the key elements in ensuring quality of engineering systems and their safe use. This inspection is a very complex task, during which the inspectors have to rely on their sensory, perceptual, cognitive, and motor skills. It requires high vigilance once it is often carried out on large components, over a long period of time, and in hostile environments and restriction of workplace. A successful NDI requires careful planning, choice of appropriate NDI methods and inspection procedures, as well as qualified and trained inspection personnel. A failure of NDI to detect critical defects in safety-related components of nuclear power plants, for instance, may lead to catastrophic consequences for workers, public and environment. Therefore, ensuring that NDI is reliable and capable of detecting all critical defects is of utmost importance. Despite increased use of automation in NDI, human inspectors, and thus human factors, still play an important role in NDI reliability. Human reliability is the probability of humans conducting specific tasks with satisfactory performance. Many techniques are suitable for modeling and analyzing human reliability in NDI of nuclear power plant components, such as FMEA (Failure Modes and Effects Analysis) and THERP (Technique for Human Error Rate Prediction). An example by using qualitative and quantitative assessesments with these two techniques to improve typical NDI of pipe segments of a core cooling system of a nuclear power plant, through acting on human factors issues, is presented.

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