scholarly journals On effective computations in subsemigroups of affine Cremona semigroup and implentations of new postquantum multivariate cryptosystems

2021 ◽  
pp. 27-31
Author(s):  
Vasyl Ustimenko ◽  
Oleksandr Pustovit
Keyword(s):  
Bounded Degree ◽  
N Transformations ◽  
Decomposition Problem ◽  
Multivariate Cryptography ◽  
Public Keys ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Composition Property ◽  
Superelliptic Curves ◽  
Nonlinear Maps

Multivariate cryptography (MC) together with Latice Based, Hash based, Code based and Superelliptic curves based Cryptographies form list of the main directions of Post Quantum Cryptography.Investigations in the framework of tender of National Institute of Standardisation Technology (the USA) indicates that the potential of classical MC working with nonlinear maps of bounded degree and without the usage of compositions of nonlinear transformation is very restricted. Only special case of Rainbow like Unbalanced Oil and Vinegar digital signatures is remaining for further consideration. The remaining public keys for encryption procedure are not of multivariate. nature. The paper presents large semigroups and groups of transformations of finite affine space of dimension n with the multiple composition property. In these semigroups the composition of n transformations is computable in polynomial time. Constructions of such families are given together with effectively computed homomorphisms between members of the family. These algebraic platforms allow us to define protocols for several generators of subsemigroup of affine Cremona semigroups with several outputs. Security of these protocols rests on the complexity of the word decomposition problem, Finally presented algebraic protocols expanded to cryptosystems of El Gamal type which is not a public key system.

Making Things Up

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen Bennett
Keyword(s):  
Good Sense ◽  
Individual Behaviors ◽  
Subatomic Particles ◽  
The Family ◽  
Composition Property ◽  
The Individual ◽  
In Virtue Of

We frequently speak of certain things or phenomena being built out of or based in others. This soda can is made of molecules, which are in turn made of atoms, which are in turn made of subatomic particles. The behavior of a crowd is based in the behaviors of and interactions between individual people—it behaves as it does in virtue of the individual behaviors and interactions. Making Things Up concerns the family of relations that such talk appeals to, which Karen Bennett calls “building relations.” Grounding is one currently popular such relation; so too are composition, property realization, and—controversially—causation. Building relations connect more fundamental things (like atoms) to less fundamental things (like soda cans). But what are we even talking about when we say that something is more fundamental than something else? This book illuminates the ideas of building and fundamentality, as they are deployed in metaphysics and elsewhere in philosophy. Bennett paints a picture of a hierarchically structured world, and makes good sense of otherwise somewhat cryptic talk of “in virtue of” and fundamentality.

scholarly journals Economic dimensions and legal regulation of the recovery of alimony obligations for the support of minor children in Russia

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 640-652
Author(s):  
Yulia Artemyeva
Keyword(s):  
Regression Models ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Opportunity Costs ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Minor Children ◽  
Integral Indicator

The research aims to substantiate economic factors and legal regulation of alimony obligations for minors’ maintenance in Russia, referring to other countries’ experiences and applying a questionnaire, indicators of the parents’ well-being, the satisfaction of the child’s needs, and parents’ participation in raising a child after a divorce was determined as can be seen in Russia, the USA, Germany, and France. Regression models are built reflecting the influence of the number of alimony payments, the indicator of parent’s participation in raising a child, the opportunity costs associated with the choice made by each spouse in favor of the family and children, on the integral indicator of the effectiveness of alimony obligations and its particular indicators. The results obtained have determined the guidelines for forming legal regulation of alimony obligations in Russia, which will increase the legislative efficiency of the recovery of alimony payments

Crayfish Aquaculture

2020 ◽  
pp. 260-284
Author(s):  
W. Ray McClain
Keyword(s):  
Life Histories ◽  
Procambarus Clarkii ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
South Central ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Freshwater Crustacean ◽  
Central Usa

Crayfish have been in demand as desirable food items around the globe for centuries, and entrepreneurs have capitalized on this demand by developing and applying aquaculture principals for the intentional culture of this freshwater crustacean. The current state of the art has advanced within the last half century and is centered on a handful of species, represented by three different families, with some level of commercial production occurring on all continents except Antarctica. Procambarus clarkii (family Cambaridae), a native of south central USA, is cultured in the USA and China and easily forms the bulk of farm-raised and wild-captured crayfish globally. One North American species (Pacifastacus leniusculus) and two European species (Astacus astacus and A. leptodactylus) constitute the main cultured species from the family Astacidae and are grown in small operations throughout Europe and parts of Asia. Four species (Parastacidae), all natives of Oceania, are cultured in their native ranges and were also introduced for aquaculture in several locations around the globe. Cherax destructor and C. albidus, both commonly referred to as yabby, are medium-size crayfish and share similar life histories, whereas C. quadricarinatus (redclaw crayfish) and C. cainii (smooth marron) are larger and more valuable but have very different geographical origins. While commercial crayfish aquaculture is typically based on an extensive or semi-extensive production approach in earthen ponds, more intensive approaches may involve selective breeding, improved strains, brood or nursery phases, and use of raceways or recirculation systems. Pond size can range from 0.05 to 80 ha, depending on the species cultured. Harvesting is accomplished mainly by baited trap, although other gear and techniques are sometimes employed. Global crayfish aquaculture production has expanded significantly in the last decade, due largely to the integration of Procambarus clarkii with that of rice production in the USA and China. This integrated system of production works well because rice farming has similar requirements as crayfish aquaculture, such as clay soils, irrigation systems, and suitable climates; furthermore, the rice crop residue provides the base of the food web for furnishing sustenance to growing crayfish.

Literature analysis in relation to research on the five basic tastes

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andy Wai Kan Yeung ◽  
Thomas Hummel
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Similar Amount ◽  
Chemical Senses ◽  
H Index ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Umami Taste ◽  
Publication Number ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Usa

Purpose This study aims to investigate the literature concerning the five basic tastes and find out who contributed to these publications, where they were published and what concepts were investigated. Design/methodology/approach The Web of Science was searched to identify the relevant articles. For each paper, the full record and cited references were analyzed. Findings Sweetness received the most attention, with 6,445 publications, 144,648 citations and h-index of 137. It was followed by bitterness (5,606 publications and 125,525 citations), sourness (1,841 publications and 40,696 citations), umami (1,569 publications and 39,120 citations) and saltiness (1,547 publications and 33,627 citations). Though umami taste had similar publication number as salty and sour tastes, it had the highest number of average citations per publication (24.9). The USA, Japan, Germany and England were major contributors to research on every basic taste. Chemical Senses was the major outlet of taste papers. Terms from the titles suggested that multiple tastes were often co-investigated. Ikeda (1909) and Kodama (1913) were identified as the seminal references that laid the foundation of umami research. Originality/value Umami, although only added relatively late to the family of basic tastes, is a highly investigated principle that receives similar amount of attention as some other basic tastes, such as sourness and saltiness.

scholarly journals Upper Cretaceous amber arthropods and their implications on changes in insect community structure

1992 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 234-234
Author(s):  
E. M. Pike
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Upper Cretaceous ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Taxonomic Structure ◽  
Insect Community ◽  
Insect Communities ◽  
Insect Fauna ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Baltic

Assessment of changes in terrestrial ecosystems since Cretaceous time, until recently, has had to rely on paleobotany (including paleopalynology) and vertebrate paleontology to provide data for analysis. Insects contribute a major portion of the terrestrial diversity in any ecosystem, but their fossil record and state of preservation had discouraged paleoecological study beyond the Pleistocene. With the discovery of prolific Upper Cretaceous amber deposits in Russia and Canada, and the investigation of Tertiary amber deposits from the Baltic, the Dominican Republic, Mexico and the USA, the prospect of clarifying changes in insect diversity and ecology over time becomes real. Methods are reported which allow the description of species richness and relative abundance of arthropod taxa from an Upper Cretaceous (Campanian: 75 MYA) amber deposit in Alberta, Canada. Diversity and abundance are described at the Order level for hexapods, and for the Acarina and Araneae. Taxa present, in order of abundance, are Homoptera (66 specimens/kg of amber), Diptera (28/kg), Acarina (21/kg), Hymenoptera (13/kg), Araneae (12/kg), Psocoptera (4/kg), Coleoptera (2/kg), Blattodea (1/kg), Thysanoptera (1/kg), Trichoptera (0.6/kg). Other orders present are Lepidoptera, Collembola, Dermaptera, Mantodea, and Ephemeroptera. In total, of 35 identified families, 8 are extinct. There are about 20 genera identified, of which only 1 is extant. All identified species are extinct. Estimated species richness is about 100 species of arthropods. In comparison, virtually all Families reported from Baltic amber (Oligocene) are still extant, as are the majority of genera. Morphology and feeding structures are well within the variation seen in modern insects. This suggests that throughout the Tertiary, Entomologists would feel quite at home with the insect fauna, and during the Upper Cretaceous, they would have little difficulty identifying insects at least to the family level. It is hypothesized that the taxonomic structure of modern insect communities was well established before the end of the Cretaceous, and that the structure and interrelationships of insect guilds were also very similar to those of today.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF CHANGE IN SOCIAL STUDIES CURRICULUM PROGRAMS ON FAMILY SUBJECT IN TEXTBOOKS

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (50) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Studies ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Document Analysis ◽  
Educational Programs ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Family ◽  
Social Studies Textbooks ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Historical Issues

Social studies education emerged in the USA in the 18th century and has come to life in different geographies for about three centuries. Four different programs in the years 1968, 1998, 2005 and 2018 were prepared for the aforementioned subject which has taken part in the curriculum as social studies and has been implemented as an independent course in Turkey since 1968. In this study, four 7th grade social studies textbooks prepared according to different curriculum programs were examined (Akşit and Asal 1973, Şahin and Göze 2000, MEB Commission 2015, Gültekin, Akpınar, Nohutcu, Özerdoğan and Aygün 2019). The books were subjected to content analysis by document analysis method regarding the family. The findings were compared and examined. In general, it was found that the 2019 edition social studies textbook was different from the 1973, 2000 and 2015 edition social studies textbooks in terms of addressing the family. Subjects of History and Geography were predominantly included in the social studies textbooks published in 1973 and 2000. Therefore, the concept of family has mostly been reflected through the context of historical issues. Among the four published textbooks, the 2015 social studies textbook stands out as having the most coverage on democracy and human rights. This book also mentions the concept of domestic democracy. Alongside the shortcomings, many positive aspects have been identified in the 2019 edition 7th grade social studies textbook that is currently being taught in schools. Keywords: Turkey, educational programs, social studies, 7th grade social studies textbook, family, content exchange

Australia

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Penrose
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Suez Canal ◽  
Multinational Firm ◽  
The Family ◽  
The World ◽  
National University ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Subject

In 1955 Edith and Penrose undertook sabbaticals at the Australian National University in Canberra. Edith and her three sons travelled across the USA by train and sailed from California. She and Fritz Machlup corresponded extensively whilst she was away discussing the draft of her book, The Theory of the Growth of the Firm, particularly the final chapters. In Australia she encountered and began to study the multinational firm or enterprise, writing her first articles on the subject. The family returned to the USA via the Suez Canal and sailed from Southampton to New York so that Edith and her sons had completed a round the world voyage.

John Hubert Craigie, 8 December 1887 - 26 February 1989

1994 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 129-145
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Oral History ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Hudson Bay ◽  
Native Peoples ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Mortal Danger ◽  
The Way

John Hubert Craigie was descended from Scottish crofters. His grandfather, William Craigie, the son of Hugh Craigie of Rousay, was born on Rousay, Orkneys, in 1810, and died in Canada in 1901. Life was difficult in Scotland early in the 19th century. Like many of his fellow Orkneymen, William Craigie emigrated to Canada as an indentured employee of the Hudson’s Bay Company, probably in the 1830s. In the course of his duties he crossed Canada two or three times, travelling out of York Factory on Hudson Bay. The family oral history is that William could not abide the way the Company treated native peoples; factors were expected to ply the natives with liquor and then ‘purchase’ furs for a pittance. As an ‘indentured servant’ he would be in mortal danger from the colonial authorities if he tried to leave, but he took an opportunity to escape via the USA and returned home to the Orkneys. There he married Jean Mainland. Because they could not get permission to marry on Rousay, they eloped by rowboat to be married in another village. William and Jean later emigrated to Canada, reaching the port of Pictou, Nova Scotia, in June 1842 after sailing on the barque Superior for 51 days from Thurso, Caithness.

scholarly journals A Novel Divergent Geminivirus Identified in Asymptomatic New World Cactaceae Plants

Viruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafaela S. Fontenele ◽  
Andrew M. Salywon ◽  
Lucas C. Majure ◽  
Ilaria N. Cobb ◽  
Amulya Bhaskara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nicotiana Benthamiana ◽  
New World ◽  
Infectious Clone ◽  
Flowering Plants ◽  
Dna Viruses ◽  
Physiological Properties ◽  
The Family ◽  
The World ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Viral Communities

Cactaceae comprise a diverse and iconic group of flowering plants which are almost exclusively indigenous to the New World. The wide variety of growth forms found amongst the cacti have led to the trafficking of many species throughout the world as ornamentals. Despite the evolution and physiological properties of these plants having been extensively studied, little research has focused on cactus-associated viral communities. While only single-stranded RNA viruses had ever been reported in cacti, here we report the discovery of cactus-infecting single-stranded DNA viruses. These viruses all apparently belong to a single divergent species of the family Geminiviridae and have been tentatively named Opuntia virus 1 (OpV1). A total of 79 apparently complete OpV1 genomes were recovered from 31 different cactus plants (belonging to 20 different cactus species from both the Cactoideae and Opuntioideae clades) and from nine cactus-feeding cochineal insects (Dactylopius sp.) sampled in the USA and Mexico. These 79 OpV1 genomes all share > 78.4% nucleotide identity with one another and < 64.9% identity with previously characterized geminiviruses. Collectively, the OpV1 genomes display evidence of frequent recombination, with some genomes displaying up to five recombinant regions. In one case, recombinant regions span ~40% of the genome. We demonstrate that an infectious clone of an OpV1 genome can replicate in Nicotiana benthamiana and Opuntia microdasys. In addition to expanding the inventory of viruses that are known to infect cacti, the OpV1 group is so distantly related to other known geminiviruses that it likely represents a new geminivirus genus. It remains to be determined whether, like its cactus hosts, its geographical distribution spans the globe.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document