DOES THIS SOUND FAMILIAR?

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 83 (3) ◽  
pp. A78-A78
Author(s):  
Student
Keyword(s):  
Small Samples ◽  
The Law ◽  
Selection Of

A study of the statistical intuitions of experience research psychologists revealed a lingering belief in what may be called the "law of small numbers," according to which even small samples are highly representative of the populations from which they are drawn. The responses of these investigators reflected the expectation that a valid hypothesis about a population will be represented by a statistically significant result in a sample with little regard for its size. As a consequence researchers put too much faith in the results of small samples and grossly overestimated the replicability of such results. In the actual conduct of research, this bias leads to the selection of samples of inadequate size and to overinterpretation of findings.

Study on the "Phase Hopping" AC-AC Frequency Conversion Method with Approximately Continuous Frequencies

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1217-1226
Author(s):  
Zhengwang Xu ◽  
Guozhuang Jiang ◽  
Ke Kun ◽  
Yuchun Yi
Keyword(s):  
Output Voltage ◽  
Frequency Conversion ◽  
Frequency Control ◽  
Actual Application ◽  
Power Frequency ◽  
Voltage Frequency ◽  
The Law ◽  
Large Cycle ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Conversion Technology

Background: The output voltage frequency for the previously proposed "phase hopping" AC-AC frequency conversion technology is determined by the law that the number of output voltage cycles is reduced by one relative to the power frequency in a large cycle containing six jumps. According to the law, only a limited number of output frequencies, such as 37.5 Hz, 42.86 Hz and 45 Hz are found. Due to the large spacing between the output frequencies, the "phase hopping" frequency conversion technology is difficult to put into practical use. Methods: In this paper, the law of the output frequency control is generalized so that the number of output cycles in a large cycle is reduced by n relative to the power frequency. The analysis shows that the appropriate selection of large cycles, including the number of power frequency cycles and the value of n, can find more frequencies to be used. Reducing the interval between the output frequencies within 1Hz. Results: The analysis results were verified in simulation by MATLAB, and the harmonics and the feasibility of the actual application were analyzed. Conclusion: Finally, an experimental platform was built and an experimental analysis was carried out. The experimental results show that the theoretical and simulation analyses are correct.

A Selection of Cases and Other Readings on the Law of Nations

1930 ◽  
Vol 43 (8) ◽  
pp. 1325
Author(s):  
Manley O. Hudson ◽  
Edwin DeWitt Dickinson
Keyword(s):  
Law Of Nations ◽  
The Law ◽  
Selection Of

SMALL SAMPLE SIZE SCIENTIST

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 83 (3) ◽  
pp. A72-A72
Author(s):  
Student
Keyword(s):  
Sample Size ◽  
Confidence Intervals ◽  
Causal Explanation ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Small Samples ◽  
High Expectations ◽  
Sampling Variation ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Stability

The believer in the law of small numbers practices science as follows: 1. He gambles his research hypotheses on small samples without realizing that the odds against him are unreasonably high. He overestimates power. 2. He has undue confidence in early trends (e.g., the data of the first few subjects) and in the stability of observed patterns (e.g., the number and identity of significant results). He overestimates significance. 3. In evaluating replications, his or others', he has unreasonably high expectations about the replicability of significant results. He underestimates the breadth of confidence intervals. 4. He rarely attributes a deviation of results from expectations to sampling variability, because he finds a causal "explanation" for any discrepancy. Thus, he has little opportunity to recognize sampling variation in action. His belief in the law of small numbers, therefore, will forever remain intact.

scholarly journals Simplicity and economic use of language elements

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 7-16
Author(s):  
Marek Ruszkowski
Keyword(s):  
Communication Situation ◽  
Language Style ◽  
The Law ◽  
Economic Use ◽  
Selection Of

The article presents, through a selection of examples, some relations between the simplicity of language elements and their economic use. In linguistic studies, economic use is usually understood too narrowly and is limited to the removal of exceptions and irregular constructions and the use of shorter forms. Also, simplicity of linguistic expressions is sometimes perceived too superficially. Factors such as simplicity of articulation, euphony or the pursuit of accuracy in terms of information being conveyed (semantic simplicity) are not always taken into account. Too hastily, economic use is identified with simplicity of expression. It can be done in some situations, yet not always. The law of linguistic economy (the use of shorter forms and structures) often gives way to a tendency for simplicity (the use of forms that are easier to apply). It is necessary to distinguish the simplicity and economic use of the broadcaster from the simplicity and economics of the recipient. What is simple and economic for the sender does not necessarily have to be simple and economic for the addressee. Considerations on economic use and simplicity of linguistic measures take too little account of the contribution of different factors: the language style; the function a text is expected to have; the intentions of the sender; the addressee to whom a text is addressed; the communication situation, etc.

scholarly journals TALKING ABOUT RAPE – AND WHY IT MATTERS: Adjudicating rape in the Western Cape High Court

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stacy Moreland
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Law ◽  
Institutional Factors ◽  
Western Cape ◽  
Sexual Offences ◽  
High Court ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Do So

This article asks the question: how do judges know what rape is and what it is not? The statutory definition contained in the Criminal Law (Sexual Offences and Related Matters) Amendment Act1 (SORMA) guides courts in adjudicating rape cases, and as such the definition is theirs to interpret and implement. This article analyses a small selection of recent judgements of the Western Cape High Court2 (WCHC) for answers. The article begins by establishing why judgements are an important source for understanding what rape means in society at large; it then discusses the relationship between power, language, and the law. This is followed by specific analyses of cases that show how patriarchy still defines how judges express themselves about rape. It concludes by looking at the institutional factors that discourage judges from adopting new ways of talking about rape, and their constitutional mandate to do so.

scholarly journals ABOUT CHANGE OF HANDWRITING OF PERSONS THAT ARE IN THE STATE OF ALCOHOLIC INTOXICATION

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (87) ◽  
Author(s):  
Оksana Rusova ◽  
◽  
Olga Samoilova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Careful Consideration ◽  
Essential Information ◽  
Case File ◽  
Fast Pace ◽  
Expert’S Opinion ◽  
Psychological Attitude ◽  
The Law ◽  
Object Of Study ◽  
Concomitant Factors ◽  
Selection Of

This article focuses on the problematic issues that arise in the process of appointing a forensic handwriting examination, where the object of study are manuscripts performed in a state of intoxication. The reliability of the conclusions will largely depend on the correct quality and sufficient quantity of comparative material. This will be possible if the initiator of the study, after careful consideration of their work, qualitatively selects comparative material for the study. The purpose of this article is to further improve the purpose of forensic handwriting examination, the object of which is the study of manuscripts made in a state of intoxication, as well as to provide practical recommendations that will allow the initiators of the study to correctly select comparative material. Of particular importance in the conduct of forensic handwriting diagnostic examinations are information from the case file relating to the subject of examination, ie in the resolution, decision or statement must be indicated: first, it is information about the person - the actual or intended executor of the manuscript; second, essential information relating to the situation, the situation in which the manuscript in question was presumably performed, and in connection with it, the possible psychological attitude or emotional state of the person writing. When the initiator of the study informs the expert of the necessary information, he should not be afraid to "impose" a certain version, because the method of expert research is based on checking all the most likely alternatives (versions and counter version) and making decisions based only on objective data. Regarding the selection of comparative material provided for research in establishing whether a person was intoxicated, there are some peculiarities in the selection of experimental samples, because we cannot bring a person in such a state to take the necessary samples because the law prohibits harm to health, humiliation and infliction of moral suffering. They can be obtained without violating the law, by changing the condition, namely, you need to dictate the text at an extremely fast pace. The expert may also make a request, although the initiator of the study provided comparative material such as free, conditionally free and experimental samples, because there may be concomitant factors that the initiator did not take into account when selecting, such as experimental samples. The expert's request should be treated responsibly because the quality of the expert's opinion may depend on how well it is executed.

A Selection of Cases on the Law of Torts

1919 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Barr Ames ◽  
Jeremiah Smith ◽  
Roscoe Pound
Keyword(s):  
The Law ◽  
Selection Of

A Selection of Leading Cases on Various Branches of the Law

1856 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 254
Author(s):  
John William Smith ◽  
J. I. Clark Hare ◽  
H. B. Wallace
Keyword(s):  
The Law ◽  
Selection Of

IV Trust Arbitration as a Matter of International Law, 19 Arbitrating Trust Disputes: Effect of the Hague Convention on the Law Applicable to Trusts and on Their Recognition

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
von Segesser Georg
Keyword(s):  
Hague Convention ◽  
Conflict Of Laws ◽  
Binding Effect ◽  
Applicable Law ◽  
The Hague ◽  
The Law ◽  
Substantive Law ◽  
The Hague Convention ◽  
International Conventions ◽  
Selection Of

This chapter examines the effect of the Hague Convention on the Law Applicable to Trusts and on their Recognition (Hague Trust Convention) on the law applicable to the arbitration of trust disputes. It also considers the extent to which arbitrators can apply the conflict of laws rules of the convention in cases where the parties have not agreed that these rules should govern the issues in dispute. The chapter is organized as follows. Section II addresses the selection of the applicable substantive law by arbitral tribunals in cases where the parties have not agreed on the applicable law. Sections III and IV cover international conventions and, in particular the Hague Trust Convention, as sources for the selection of the applicable law. Section V deals with the validity and effect of arbitration agreements while Section VI considers the effects of a choice of-law-clause and the binding effect of such a clause for the arbitral proceedings. Section VII addresses the effect of specific conflict of laws rules of the Hague Trust Convention on the law applicable to the merits in international trust arbitration disputes.

scholarly journals A Selection of Cases on the Law of Insurance

1901 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 226
Author(s):  
Edwin H. Woodruff
Keyword(s):  
The Law ◽  
Selection Of
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