scholarly journals Evolution of the Building-Machine Hybrid on the Example of Historical Oast Houses

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Pilsitz
Keyword(s):  
Production Technology ◽  
Architectural Design ◽  
Free Standing ◽  
Hybrid Buildings ◽  
Architectural Development ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Production Facilities ◽  
Historical Production

Hybrid buildings are not a modern invention. In the case of certain types of buildings in historical production facilities, a degree of inseparable fusion of static buildings and dynamic mechanics can be detected. This goes far beyond the multifunctional use of a room and also includes constructional and architectural design to the same extent. They are not simply rooms or buildings in which machines for the production of an item or a product are installed, but the room, or the building, itself, is the “machine”, or at least an essential part of it. Or is the machine the building? This relationship will be explained using the example of historical oast houses. For this type of building, architectural development from an integrated yet barely perceptible component to a free-standing solitary building can be demonstrated over a period of around 80 years. It is not clear which part is the building and which is the production technology. These two main components have become an indissoluble unit, making the oast house a real hybrid.Zusammenfassung Hybride Gebäude sind keine Erfindung der Neuzeit. Bei bestimmten Bautypen historischer Produktionsstätten ist eine Größenordnung der Durchdringung von statischem Gebäude und dynamischer Mechanik festzustellen, die nicht aufzulösen ist. Dies geht weit über die multifunktionale Nutzung eines Raumes hinaus, und umfasst in gleichem Maße auch die Konstruktion und architektonische Gestaltung. Es sind keine Räume, oder Gebäude in denen Maschinen zur Produktion eines Gegenstandes oder einer Ware aufgestellt werden, sondern der Raum, oder das Gebäude selbst ist die „Maschine“, oder zumindest ein wesentlicher Teil von dieser. Oder ist die Maschine das Gebäude? Am Beispiel historischer Darren soll dieser Zusammenhang erläutert werden. Für diesen Gebäudetyp kann in einem Zeitraum von etwa 80 Jahren eine architektonische Entwicklung vom visuell kaum wahrnehmbaren und integrierten Bauteil zum freistehenden Solitär nachgewiesen werden. Dabei ist nicht eindeutig festzustellen, welcher Teil das Gebäude ist, und welcher die Produktionstechnik. Aus den beiden Hauptkomponenten ist eine unauflösbare Einheit geworden, womit die Darre zum echten Hybrid wird.

scholarly journals Liturgijska oprema i arhitektonska plastika iz trikonhosa u Pridragi i Bilicama na izmaku kasne antike

Ars Adriatica ◽  
2015 ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Ana Mišković
Keyword(s):  
Second Phase ◽  
Free Standing ◽  
Architectural Development ◽  
Lateral Walls ◽  
Formal Features

It has already been noted in the scholarship that two interesting triconch churches in central Dalmatia, at Pridraga and Bilice, share a similar, if not identical, phase of architectural development. Originally, both structures were free-standing single-nave longitudinal buildings with a triconch sanctuary. In the second phase, both were provided with annexes along the lateral walls of the nave and transformed into more complex religious structures. This article discusses the liturgical furnishings from the churches at Pridraga and Bilice given that they also share many formal features, and argues that their decoration and carving technique point to the same time of production.

scholarly journals Reconstituting historical stratigraphy: Ugarit’s Temple of Dagan

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 468-485
Author(s):  
Tarek Teba ◽  
Dimitris Theodossopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Architectural Design ◽  
Public Understanding ◽  
Conservation Strategy ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Architectural Analysis ◽  
Architectural Development ◽  
A Site ◽  
The Temple

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to test critical conservation approaches through conceptual architectural interventions that integrate the evolution of a significant urban building, the Temple of Dagan in Ugarit, the capital of an important Bronze Age civilisation in Syria, with the pre-existing phases of the site and offer a paradigm for the presentation of the city’s evolution. This reflection aims to investigate how far the remaining fabric can frame the original architectural experience of the place allowing the visitors of the ruins to contextualise the architectural development of the temple. Design/methodology/approach A detailed reading of archaeological reports and the French mission’s architectural interpretation as well as in situ surveys and architectural and urban analyses were carried out to inform this conservation reflection, which primarily explores the potential of critical conservation approaches for key architectural interventions. The main vehicle is a virtual reconstruction approach to probe the proposed critical conservation principles and their success in highlighting the stratigraphy of a site. Findings The work shows that critical conservation approaches can make a distinct contribution to the understanding of the ruins; in particular, the virtual approach can handle effectively the presentation of the intangible experience of the temple (original processional routes) and its archaeological stratigraphy. Research limitations/implications The poor condition of the temple, being exposed for more than 80 years after excavation, have limited further architectural analysis as some evidence is confusing to read in situ. The pre-conservation analysis, therefore, was based more on the archaeological mission’s work, which is comprehensive. Social implications The reconstitution of the temple’s architectural layers in a coherent narrative will have educational value as it will highlight the development of architectural perception and techniques during the Bronze Age. Debate on the application of such tools by managers of the site may enhance the visitors’ appreciation of the ruins. The digital output itself constitutes an engaging material that enhances the public understanding of the site and its rich stratigraphy. Originality/value The study is the first attempt to constitute an architectural experience out of the confusing ruins integrating the archaeological evidence in the frame of contemporary conservation and architectural design. As one of the predominant urban artefacts in Ugarit, the Temple of Dagan witnessed at least a millennium of the city’s history and thus the conservation strategy of its intense development and stratification reflects the whole city.

Perspective of Digital Architecture World

2013 ◽  
Vol 392 ◽  
pp. 909-912
Author(s):  
Zhou Lin
Keyword(s):  
Digital Technology ◽  
Architectural Design ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Digital Design ◽  
Digital Architecture ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Aesthetic Consciousness ◽  
Architectural Development ◽  
The Aesthetic ◽  
Architecture Development

Digital technology has played a crucial role in architectural development since being introduced in. Different application of digital design software has taken the place of traditional drawing. The innovated architecture design process has promoted a trend of space complexity. Advanced digital technology also produced a new design method; the computer can generate a unique building plan through the special program directly rather than the imagination of the human brain. Besides, digital technology has a wide range of applications in exploring the future architecture development, as well as virtual reality in the scheme deliberation and demonstration. The digital architecture has broken through the two-dimensional architectural design pattern and the aesthetic consciousness of the industrial era, and pushes the building industry development greatly.

scholarly journals THE PRINCIPLES OF MODERN ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN AS OBSERVED IN PARAHYANGAN CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY’S POSTGRADUATE STUDIES BUILDING

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (01) ◽  
pp. 108-128
Author(s):  
Bryan Nurman Zachrie ; Caecilia Wijayaputri
Keyword(s):  
Architectural Design ◽  
Modern Architecture ◽  
Graduate Studies ◽  
Post Graduate ◽  
Postgraduate Studies ◽  
Function Expression ◽  
Physical Shape ◽  
Independence Era ◽  
Architectural Development ◽  
Principles Of Design

Abstract - The post-Independence era saw the beginning of the development of modern architecture in Indonesia. In this particular era the profession of architect emerged as a requirement that eventually also turned into one of the fields that played a role in the development of Indonesian architecture. As one of the first architects, Mohammad Soesilo joined in participating in drawing up the main principles of architectural design valid for that era, a theorem that can be said to be influential to this day, serving as a set of general guidelines. The lack of data available on the dawn of architectural development has created a certain vagueness concerning these principles. In the post-Independence era, Indonesian architects were still strongly influenced by the principles of design being developed, that is to say those governing modern architecture. The purpose of this research is to deepen our insight into into the various principles of architectural design in the post-Independence era to establish how big the influence has been of the principles governing modern architecture that became the guidelines for designs made by Indonesian architects in those days, in order to be able to determine their impact on the design of architectural works in Indonesia itself. This research has been conducted by examining one of the buildings designed by Mohammad Soesilo, namely Parahyangan Catholic University’s Post-graduate Studies Building. The focus of research revolves around the question whether this building can be classified as one designed with the principles of modern architecture in mind because the design of its physical shape was influenced by the seven variables using the terminology of modern architecture. These seven variables have influenced the attainment of function, expression, and technology in Parahyangan Catholic University’s Post-graduate Studies Building as one that has been well designed. Keywords : Architectural principles, Principles of Modern Architecture, Post-Independence Architecture

scholarly journals Liturgijska oprema i arhitektonska plastika iz trikonhosa u Pridragi i Bilicama na izmaku kasne antike

Ars Adriatica ◽  
2015 ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Ana Mišković
Keyword(s):  
Second Phase ◽  
Free Standing ◽  
Architectural Development ◽  
Lateral Walls ◽  
Formal Features

It has already been noted in the scholarship that two interesting triconch churches in central Dalmatia, at Pridraga and Bilice, share a similar,if not identical, phase of architectural development. Originally, both structures were free-standing single-nave longitudinal buildings witha triconch sanctuary. In the second phase, both were provided with annexes along the lateral walls of the nave and transformed into morecomplex religious structures. This article discusses the liturgical furnishings from the churches at Pridraga and Bilice given that they alsoshare many formal features, and argues that their decoration and carving technique point to the same time of production.

ANALYSIS OF COMMERCIAL CAJUPUT OILS EXTRACTED FROM MELALEUCA CAJUPUTI POWELL BY GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY

2019 ◽  
pp. 7-10
Author(s):  
Thi Hoai Nguyen ◽  
Xuan Huyen Trang Hoang
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Melaleuca Cajuputi ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Main Component ◽  
Production Facilities

Background: Cajuput oil is a traditional and famous product of Thua Thien Hue, it is considered as a potential product, contributing to the economic development of Thua Thien Hue. Currently, there are many different products of cajuput oil in the market. However, the quality of cajuput oils in the production facilities has not been considered. The aim of the present study was to apply GC to the determination of the main components of commercial cajuput oils from M. cajuputi species in the Thua Thien Hue province. Materials and method: The chemical composition of 10 commercial cajuput oils extracted from leaves of Melaleuca cajuputi Powell collected in the Thua Thien Hue province was determined by gas chromatography. Results and conclusion: The major componentsofthe oils wereα-pinene, β-pinene, limonene, 1,8-cineoleand terpineol. The result obtained demonstrate that 1,8-cineole is the main component,present in 10 samples with values ranging from 15 to 59%. Key words: Cajuput oil, Melaleuca cajuputi, 1,8-cineole, α-pinene, β-pinene, limonene, terpineol

scholarly journals Sustaining farmers life affected by the natural disaster; an implication during the covid-19 pandemic

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Basir Cyio ◽  
Alam Anshary ◽  
Mahfudz Mahfudz ◽  
Isrun Isrun ◽  
Mery Napitupulu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Phosphate Fertilizer ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Ground Failure ◽  
Government Aid ◽  
Effect Of Treatment ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Main Component ◽  
Production Facilities

Abstract Purpose This study aims to measure two investigate and identify effect of treatment factors: Organic Material and Triple Super Phosphate Fertilizer and also to study four main components: Extension (X1), Agricultural Production Facilities (X2), Government Assistance (X3), and Covid-19 dissemination (X4) information. Materials and methods The data collected through surveys and interviews include; (i) soil characteristics data and (ii) socio-economic conditions of farmers affected by the disaster and the Covid-19 pandemic. The statistical analysis used is Principal Component Analysis (PCA) using the Paleontological Statistics (PAST) application.Result and Discussion The result showed the M3 P3 treatment combination gave the highest effect: pH-H2O (6.13), P-total (52.28 mg/100g), P-available (28.62 ppm), plant dry weight (713.75 g/plot), P-uptake (0.58 g/plant), and Corncob (6.2 t/ha). The main component, the most effective factor to the successive variation X2 (PC-1) 75.55%; X3 (PC-2) 18.22%; and X4 (PC-3) 3.94%, while X1 (PC-4) did not result in variation (2.28%). The probability analysis showed farmers post-Earthquake income was affected by production facilities provisions (X2) p (0.015) < µ(0.05) and Government aid (X3) p (0.035) <µ(0.05) and amidst pandemic (X3) p (0.028) <µ (0.05) by government aid, with Correlation Value of each Jono Oge (R) 0.91 and Toaya (R) 0.64, indicating main component factor in Jono Oge is higher at (0.91) since land was displaced by Liquefaction while (0.64) in Toaya—the ground failure was by Earthquake.

Structural analysis of the photosynthetic membrane from Ectothiorhodospira halochloris

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 740-741
Author(s):  
H. Engelhardt ◽  
R. Guckenberger ◽  
W. Baumeister
Keyword(s):  
Lattice Structure ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Hexagonal Lattice ◽  
Reaction Centre ◽  
Photosynthetic Membrane ◽  
Rhodopseudomonas Viridis ◽  
Photosynthetic Membranes ◽  
Ectothiorhodospira Halochloris ◽  
Main Components

Bacterial photosynthetic membranes contain, apart from lipids and electron transport components, reaction centre (RC) and light harvesting (LH) polypeptides as the main components. The RC-LH complexes in Rhodopseudomonas viridis membranes are known since quite seme time to form a hexagonal lattice structure in vivo; hence this membrane attracted the particular attention of electron microscopists. Contrary to previous claims in the literature we found, however, that 2-D periodically organized photosynthetic membranes are not a unique feature of Rhodopseudomonas viridis. At least five bacterial species, all bacteriophyll b - containing, possess membranes with the RC-LH complexes regularly arrayed. All these membranes appear to have a similar lattice structure and fine-morphology. The lattice spacings of the Ectothiorhodospira haloohloris, Ectothiorhodospira abdelmalekii and Rhodopseudomonas viridis membranes are close to 13 nm, those of Thiocapsa pfennigii and Rhodopseudomonas sulfoviridis are slightly smaller (∼12.5 nm).

Electron Microscopy of Human Gallstones

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 296-297
Author(s):  
C. Wolpers ◽  
R. Blaschke
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Bile Pigment ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Triclinic Crystal System ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Follow Up Study ◽  
Infra Red ◽  
Main Components

Scanning microscopy was used to study the surface of human gallstones and the surface of fractures. The specimens were obtained by operation, washed with water, dried at room temperature and shadowcasted with carbon and aluminum. Most of the specimens belong to patients from a series of X-ray follow-up study, examined during the last twenty years. So it was possible to evaluate approximately the age of these gallstones and to get information on the intensity of growing and solving.Cholesterol, a group of bile pigment substances and different salts of calcium, are the main components of human gallstones. By X-ray diffraction technique, infra-red spectroscopy and by chemical analysis it was demonstrated that all three components can be found in any gallstone. In the presence of water cholesterol crystallizes in pane-like plates of the triclinic crystal system.

A controller for safe, convenient operation of LaB6 emitters on electron-beam instruments

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 408-409
Author(s):  
W. J. Abramson ◽  
H. W. Estry ◽  
L. F. Allard
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Control System ◽  
Thermal Shock ◽  
Appropriate Care ◽  
Electron Guns ◽  
Tungsten Filaments ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Main Components

LaB6 emitters are becoming increasingly popular as direct replacements for tungsten filaments in the electron guns of modern electron-beam instruments. These emitters offer order of magnitude increases in beam brightness, and, with appropriate care in operation, a corresponding increase in source lifetime. They are, however, an order of magnitude more expensive, and may be easily damaged (by improper vacuum conditions and thermal shock) during saturation/desaturation operations. These operations typically require several minutes of an operator's attention, which becomes tedious and subject to error, particularly since the emitter must be cooled during sample exchanges to minimize damage from random vacuum excursions. We have designed a control system for LaBg emitters which relieves the operator of the necessity for manually controlling the emitter power, minimizes the danger of accidental improper operation, and makes the use of these emitters routine on multi-user instruments.Figure 1 is a block schematic of the main components of the control system, and Figure 2 shows the control box.

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