scholarly journals Urban Transformations of Kharkiv’s Large Housing Estates •

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hlib Antypenko ◽  
Nadiia Antonenko ◽  
Katherine Didenko
Keyword(s):  
Radical Change ◽  
Urban Housing ◽  
Political Regime ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
History Of Construction ◽  
History Of ◽  
Urban Transformations ◽  
Large Housing Estates ◽  
The City ◽  
Housing Estates

Kharkiv is the second largest city of Ukraine with a unique history of urban housing development. In the 20th century it became a field of large housing construction. More than 10 large housing estates were constructed in the period between the second half of 1950s–late 1980s following the Soviet method of prefabricated construction, which was introduced into urban planning in connection with the radical change of all architectural and construction activities in the USSR. This paper explores factors of post-socialist urban development (after the change of political regime in Ukraine in 1991) of the case study large housing areas. For the purpose of the study, two Kharkiv large housing areas were selected – Novi Budynky and Pavlovo Pole, which were designed and built in the same period (late 1950s) and were the first residential areas of Kharkiv built according to the new planning principles of Soviet prefabricated construction. Pavlovo Pole is a large housing estate located not far from the historic center regarded as a good quality housing area, intended for the Soviet “intelligentsia” while Novi Budynky is often a stigmatized area constructed mainly for the factory workers. Key research questions are: description of the history of construction and development of Pavlovo Pole and Novi Budynky large housing estates; comparison of the specific features of their design and construction; to determine how these large housing estates are connected with the rest of the city spatially and in terms of socio-cultural aspect, in particular with the city center; to identify the reasons and content of key urban transformations in the large housing areas, such as: demolition of houses and new construction, reduction of the area of public recreational function, appropriation of deserted areas, etc. Harkov Ukrajna második legnagyobb városa, amely egyedülálló történettel rendelkezik a városi lakásfejlesztés területén. A 20. században nagy lakásépítkezések zajlottak: az 1950-es évek második fele és az 1980-as évek vége közötti időszakban több mint 10 nagy lakótelep épült Harkovban az előregyártott építés szovjet módszerét követve, amelyet a Szovjetunióban az összes építészeti és építési tevékenység radikális változásával összefüggésben vezettek be a várostervezésbe. Ez a tanulmány az 1991-es ukrajnai rendszerváltás utáni posztszocialista városfejlesztés tényezőit vizsgálja két harkovi nagy lakótelepen. Novi Budynky és a Pavlovo Pole, a város első nagy lakótelepei, melyeket az 1950-es évek végén terveztek és építettek a szovjet előregyártott építés új tervezési elveinek megfelelően. Pavlovo Pole a történelmi központhoz közeli, ma is jó minő-ségű lakóterületnek tekinthető, amit a szovjet „értelmiségnek” szántak, míg Novi Budynky gyakran stigma-tizált városrész, amelyet elsősorban a gyári munkásoknak építettek. A legfontosabb kutatási kérdések a következők: Pavlovo Pole és Novi Budynky nagy lakótelepei építésének és fejlődésének története; tervezésük és kivitelezésük sajátosságainak összehasonlítása; annak meghatározása, hogy ezek a nagy lakótelepek hogyan kapcsolódnak a város többi részéhez, különösen a városközponthoz térben és társadalmi-kulturális szempontból; a nagy lakóövezetekben zajló, kulcsfontosságú városi átalakulások okainak és tartalmának azonosítása, mint például: házak bontása és új építés, a nyilvános rekreációs területek csökkentése, elhagyatott területek kisajátítása stb.

scholarly journals DEVELOPMENT OF THE PLANNING STRUCTURE OF ANCIENT CITIES OF MOROCCO ON THE EXAMPLE OF MARRAKESH

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (7) ◽  
pp. 81-88
Author(s):  
Р. Бурагба ◽  
Rabii Buragba ◽  
М.В. Перькова ◽  
M.V. Perkova
Keyword(s):  
Population Analysis ◽  
General Structure ◽  
Architectural Heritage ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Islamic Period ◽  
History Of Construction ◽  
History Of ◽  
Stone Walls ◽  
The City ◽  
Further Development

The article traces the process of forming the planning structure of the historical core in the general structure of Moroccan cities. The sequence of development the Medina of Marrakech, the main ele-ments of its planning structure and development by periods is revealed. This study examines the Islamic period with the alternation of ruling dynasties. The general features of the planning of Morocco cities and characteristics of the planning structure of Marrakesh are reflected. There are five identified stages in the development of functional-planning structure of Marrakech, each is characterized by change and addition of the planning structure elements, the increase in perimeter buildings of the Medina, with the inclusion of new elements. The history of construction and transformation of key monuments of architectural heritage and their impact on the general structure of the Medina is considered. The development of the territory and construction of residential areas along the perimeter of the existing Medina led to the emergence of a new contour of the enclosing wall with trade and craft sectors. This is typical for the second and the third period. Further development of the city takes place in the fourth and fifth period through the construction of residential areas outside the Medina (stone walls) and the resettlement of new population. Analysis of the Medina of Marrakesh development allows to reveal its architectural and planning structure, relating it to the type of formation of medieval cities. The considered data can assist to predict the further direction of development the planning structure of the Medina and to prevent its loss and "dissolution" in the city.

scholarly journals FORTIFICATION OBIECTS AND STREET NETWORK DEVELOPMENT IN THE HISTORICAL PART OF CHERNIVTSI CITY IN THE 18th-20th CENTURIES

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (13) ◽  
pp. 28-45
Author(s):  
Mykola Bevz ◽  
Oleksandr Kyshlyaruk
Keyword(s):  
Urban Development ◽  
Functional Organization ◽  
City Centre ◽  
Network Development ◽  
City Development ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Street Network ◽  
City Center ◽  
Urban Transformations ◽  
The City

Formation and development of the central part of Chernivtsi is a long historical process. The settlement, which emerged in the XIV century, underwent major urban transformations that took place during the XVIII-XX centuries. They became an important period of creation of the renewed structure plan of the city area which is still in operation. The historical city centre has been changing its structure, size, functional organization during a long time. The objective of the research is to study and compare the main parameters and characteristics of the city at certain historical stages by analysing the development of its transport network. The purpose of the article is to review and analyse available cartographic materials and study the street network development in the historical part of the city in the late XVIII - XX centuries. The article highlights the factors that played an important role in the formation and development of Chernivtsi city centre, in particular, strengthening and expansion of economic ties. According to the findings, discovery of new trade routes became a decisive factor that influenced the development of Chernivtsi, determined the city structure and directions of the main streets. Other important factors include natural conditions and local terrain, social economic and administrative impact. Studies have shown that the historical centre of Chernivtsi evolved according to the existing structure plan. Analysis of cartographic materials and historical sources allows to characterize the basic principles of urban development. Expansion of the street network and squares, as well as trends in the planning of residential areas provide an opportunity to assess their nature, scale and size. Topographical maps enabled us to devise comparative schemes of urban development and evolution of city boundaries throughout the studied period. The city center moved gradually to new areas in the south-western direction. This feature of the city development provides important materials for urban study. This work can be primarily aimed at studying the urban planning structure, defense lines, public spaces, etc. The city developed in an extensive way, pushing the boundaries of the city center, creating new parallel urban complexes with new central squares. The most difficult task for scientists today is to localize these boundaries for different stages. The next difficult task is to find out old defense systems existed in the different parts of the city in the past. A completely unresolved question is how defense complexes influenced the development of the planning structure. The study allowed to highlight the prerequisites for major urban transformations in the historical part of Chernivtsi in the XVIII - XX centuries.

Zrównoważony rozwój a rozwój obszarowy miast w Polsce – zagadnienia społeczno-prawne (na przykładzie miasta Rzeszowa)

2019 ◽  
Vol 78 ◽  
pp. 199-211
Author(s):  
Konrad Kędzierski
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Legal Analysis ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Present Generation ◽  
The Social ◽  
Alternative Means ◽  
Large Housing Estates ◽  
The City ◽  
Housing Estates ◽  
Area Development

The author presents the concepts of sustainable development in Poland on the example of Rzeszow, from the legal analysis to the social concept. Sustainable development is a process of change that ensures the needs of the present generation without diminishing the development opportunities of future generations. The area development of cities is closely related to the sustainable development. For this reason, in the further part of the study, a short genesis of the development of Rzeszów is presented, with attention paid to the maintenance of sustainable development. In conclusion, the author shows the de lega ferenda conclusions, such as: the city authorities should pay more attention to the issue of introducing certain restrictions in the field of CO² emissions by reducing vehicular traffic in the city center, finding alternative means of public transport. The construction of large housing estates on the areas newly connected to the administrative borders of the city also seems to be reasonable. With a balanced area development of the city, it is important to enact and introduce an appropriate spatial development plan.

scholarly journals History of the Environment and Population of the Old Town of Klaipėda, Western Lithuania: Multidisciplinary Approach to the Last Millennium

Radiocarbon ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 54 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 1003-1015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dalia Kisielienė ◽  
Ieva Masiulienė ◽  
Linas Daugnora ◽  
Miglė Stančikaitė ◽  
Jonas Mažeika ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental History ◽  
Human Activity ◽  
Historical Data ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Last Millennium ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
The City

Progressive stages in the development of the Old Town region of the city of Klaipėda (in German, Memel) were ascertained by analyzing archaeological and historical data combined with an analysis of pollen, diatom, plant macrofossil, and osteological findings as cross-referenced with radiocarbon measurements. The port city of Klaipėda, located on the eastern part of the Baltic Sea, was an important political, economic, and religious center during the last millennium. In addition to its environmental history, the character of human activity and urbanization of the area during the 16th–17th centuries AD were examined. The chronology of these records is based on archaeological, historical, and 14C data. The results obtained indicate the predominance of a wet boggy environment and the presence of a pond in the investigated territory of Klaipėda during the late 15th and early 16th centuries AD. The formation of a new Danė River channel created an island town, resulting in a defensible residual area for the town inhabitants. An ongoing deposition of a cultural layer began in the mid-16th century AD. Rich zooarchaeological data found in this layer provided new details on human diet and exposed a predominance of domestic animals, especially cattle. Due to intensive amelioration of this area, layers of sandy and clayey deposits were formed during the second half of the 16th century AD. A significant presence of cultivars, ruderals, and weeds were recorded, indicating substantial human activity and increasing urbanization of the landscape. According to the paleobotanical, archaeological, and historical data, the culmination of this process took place at the end of the 16th and beginning of the 17th centuries AD, when residential areas were established.

Tracks in the City: Technology, mobility and society in colonial Rangoon and Singapore

2011 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
TILMAN FRASCH
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Urban Environment ◽  
Urban Population ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Two Cities ◽  
History Of ◽  
Urban Topography ◽  
Considerable Impact ◽  
Residential Quarters ◽  
The City

AbstractAround the turn of the twentieth century, electric tramways made their appearance in the cities of Asia, but despite being a universal technology, and despite the considerable impact they had upon life in these cities, the history of tramways in Asia has hardly ever been studied. Trams, wherever they ran, mobilized the urban population to a degree unseen before—their track network could restructure the urban topography and re-evaluate its segments, as independent villages became suburbs and residential quarters rose or fell in status, and add to the segregation of workplaces and residential areas. The two cities of Singapore and Rangoon, which have been selected because of their comparability, provide two contrasting examples of how trams functioned and eventually failed in an Asian urban environment.

scholarly journals Urban Quality Assessment of Public Housing Estates in Murcia, Spain (Vistabella 1940–1950s, La Paz 1960s, La Fama 1970s). Threats or Opportunities for the Medium-Sized Contemporary City?

Buildings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 153
Author(s):  
Antonio Jesús Martínez-Espinosa ◽  
Patricia Reus ◽  
Manuel Alejandro Ródenas-López
Keyword(s):  
Public Housing ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Qualitative Evaluation ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Franco Regime ◽  
La Paz ◽  
The Public ◽  
The City ◽  
Housing Estates

The public housing built under the Franco regime in Spain (1939–1975) brought about the largest urban growth in the country’s recent history. It shares similar characteristics with other public housing built in Europe during the 20th century, and today it houses a predominantly multicultural and socioeconomically precarious population. This study analyses and evaluates three estates that make up a new urban axis in the city of Murcia. The objective is to evaluate the benefits and shortcomings of these developments in order to establish rehabilitation plans, which will seek to improve the lives of their inhabitants and enhance their experience of the urban area from environmental, functional and interactive perspectives. The methodology used for this study is based on the application of three systems of indicators in order to obtain a quantitative and qualitative evaluation of each neighborhood. The quantitative analysis evaluates the urban area in terms of environmental sustainability, while the two qualitative systems explore the neighborhoods’ functionality and ability to instil a sense of attachment, and therefore responsibility, among their inhabitants. In its conclusions, the article provides concrete lines of action for updating and regenerating these residential areas that form a significant part of the city of Murcia.

Obsidian Production and the State in Teotihuacan

1981 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 769-788 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael W. Spence
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Classic Period ◽  
Central Mexico ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
The Public ◽  
Self Reliance ◽  
History Of ◽  
Social Units ◽  
The City ◽  
Independent Existence

Obsidian production was a major component of Classic period Teotihuacan's economy, with hundreds of workshops producing cores and blades of green obsidian and bifaces of grey obsidian for distribution throughout central Mexico. Although green obsidian was evidently obtained through a state network, grey obsidian procurement was conducted independently by most workshop groups. Most production took place in residential areas beyond the major public structures of the city, but some of these craftsmen also worked periodically within the public precincts where their output would have been at the disposition of state officials. The burden of this levy fell primarily upon those sectors of the industry that were most dependent on the state for support and most involved in external distribution. However, despite this evidence of an important administered element in the Teotihuacan obsidian industry, the workshops apparently maintained their independence from the state. This may have been due to their organization in strong social units that had a long history of independent existence, and to their self-reliance in procurement and distribution during the earlier stages of the industry"s development.

scholarly journals Ideological Reconfigurations: Privacy, Voyeurism and Form in Recent Malayalam Cinema

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Abhijith ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Smart Phone ◽  
Urban Spaces ◽  
Private Sphere ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
History Of ◽  
Urban Transformations ◽  
The Spectator ◽  
Narrative Techniques ◽  
The City ◽  
Shed Light

This paper traces a particular moment in the recent history of Malayalam Cinema when a shift in the representation of the private sphere was attempted. In the period after 2010, a set of new Malayalam films carried a shift in terms of aesthetics and narrative techniques and went on to unfold in a full-fledged manner by the end of the decade. The paper would look at Chappa Kurishu (Head or Tails, 2011), one of the early movies of this tide to shed light on the remarkable shift it achieves in representing the scenes of romantic and erotic intimacy on screen. As the narrative of the movie centers around the fight over a smart phone that ensues between two strangers in the city of Kochi, it gets entangled with questions of privacy, class and contest over the urban spaces. Bringing to the discussion contestations over the meanings of public and private manifested in certain urban-based movements in recent times like ‘Kiss of Love’ protests, it is argued that Chappa Kurishu can be read as a response to the contradictions arising out of the emergence of new subjects in the wake of urban transformations and the conflicting cinematic publics of multiplex and single hall theatre. The formal transactions between cinematic form and video form, the paper suggests, is one of the ways in which Chappa Kurishu attempts to respond to this situation in a way that signals the transitional position of the spectator subject.

Moments of the Future’: Imagining the City and Monuments of Pyongyang in 2050

2019 ◽  
pp. 55-71
Author(s):  
Jelena Mandić
Keyword(s):  
Social Transformation ◽  
Design Thinking ◽  
Political Regime ◽  
The Political ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of ◽  
Urban Futures ◽  
Scenario Technique ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The City

The possibility of reconciliation between the two Koreas and a potential change of the political regime in North Korea raises the question of the urban futures of North Korean cities, which at the moment serve as a stage for power consolidation through the monumental propaganda of the present regime. This paper examines an urban design project that imagines urban future of Pyongyang in 2050 and its colossal socialist era monuments after an assumed unification. Instead of erasing the socialist past of the city by removing the existing monuments (which was the practice in other socialist countries), this project proposes adding new layers of monuments that would represent and commemorate the new political and economic realities of ‘unification,’ and at the same time preserve the identity and legibility of the city. This alternative strategy was made possible by combining design thinking with the scenario technique utilized in Future Studies. Within the framework of the established scenario and politico-economic circumstances it compels, the method of writing History of the future was developed as a tool for envisioning an urban reality of 2050 Pyongyang, from which the Grid of Moments project would arise. The resulting project, conceived within the fictional story, allows historical and future ideologies, represented by the historical and new monuments, to coexist in Pyongyang through concurrent and respective acknowledgement. In this way, the role of architecture is shifted from serving the political regime towards acting as a social critique, as well as inducing a social transformation. These thought strategies were enabled by approaching design through scenario and storytelling method developed within it, as it left space for more imagination and creativity, and introduced a degree of objectivity to the design process by allowing different ideologies to be considered.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document