scholarly journals An Improved Process for the Preparation of the p-tert-butylcalix[4]arene: from Laboratory-scale Synthesis to Scale-up Development

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 134-146
Author(s):  
A. A. Fatyanova ◽  
A. S. Gusak ◽  
P. E. Prokhorova ◽  
O. A. Trofimova
Keyword(s):  
Scale Up ◽  
Laboratory Scale

scholarly journals Influence of Light Intensity and Temperature on Cultivation of Microalgae Desmodesmus Communis in Flasks and Laboratory-Scale Stirred Tank Photobioreactor

2015 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Vanags ◽  
L. Kunga ◽  
K. Dubencovs ◽  
V. Galvanauskas ◽  
O. Grīgs
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Shake Flask ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Biomass Concentration ◽  
Biomass Productivity ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Laboratory Scale ◽  
Stirred Tank ◽  
Light Limitation ◽  
Maximum Biomass

Abstract Optimization of the microalgae cultivation process and of the bioprocess in general traditionally starts with cultivation experiments in flasks. Then the scale-up follows, when the process from flasks is transferred into a laboratory-scale bioreactor, in which further experiments are performed before developing the process in a pilot-scale reactor. This research was done in order to scale-up the process from a 0.4 1 shake flask to a 4.0 1 laboratory-scale stirred-tank photobioreactor for the cultivation of Desmodesmus (D.) communis microalgae. First, the effect of variation in temperature (21-29 ºC) and in light intensity (200-600 μmol m-2s-1) was studied in the shake-flask experiments. It was shown that the best results (the maximum biomass concentration of 2.72 g 1-1 with a specific growth rate of 0.65 g g-1d-1) can be achieved at the cultivation temperature and light intensity being 25 °C and 300 μmol m2s-1, respectively. At the same time, D. communis cultivation under the same conditions in stirred-tank photobioreactor resulted in average volumetric productivities of biomass due to the light limitation even when the light intensity was increased during the experiment (the maximum biomass productivity 0.25 g 1-1d-1; the maximum biomass concentration 1.78 g 1-1).

Granular Sludge Formation in the Anaerobic Expanded Micro-Carrier Bed Process

1989 ◽  
Vol 21 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 109-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Yoda ◽  
M. Kitagawa ◽  
Y. Miyaji
Keyword(s):  
Scale Up ◽  
Granular Sludge ◽  
Laboratory Scale ◽  
Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Expanded Bed ◽  
Sludge Formation ◽  
Support Materials ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge Blanket

The anaerobic expanded micro-carrier bed (MCB) process, which utilizes fine (50-100 microns) support materials as expanded bed media, was found to have the ability to cultivate granular sludge similar to that formed in the upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) process. Two laboratory-scale MCB reactors were studied with VFA and glucose wastewaters to clarify the role of the micro-carrier and the influence of substrates on granular sludge formation. Based on these results, a scale-up model with a reactor volume of 800 1 was successfully operated using molasses wastewater to demonstrate the feasibility of granular sludge formation in the MCB process.

scholarly journals A Newly Designed Automatically Controlled, Sterilizable Flat Panel Photobioreactor for Axenic Algae Culture

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tobias Fuchs ◽  
Nathanael D. Arnold ◽  
Daniel Garbe ◽  
Simon Deimel ◽  
Jan Lorenzen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Global Climate ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Food Additives ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Laboratory Scale ◽  
Flat Panel ◽  
Engineering Technology ◽  
Control Technologies ◽  
Industrial Standards ◽  
Gas Lift

In context of the global climate change, microalgae processes are gaining momentum as a biotechnological tool for direct fixation and valorization of greenhouse gases. Algae have the metabolic capacity to photosynthetically convert CO2 into high value products, such as food additives, under economic boundary conditions. High cost, commercial flat panel gas-lift bioreactors for microalgae cultivation at laboratory scale provide either small volumes or no sterile operation, which limits academic research. This brief report presents initial data for a new type of sterile operating flat panel gas-lift bioreactor with a unique asymmetrical U-shape. It utilizes automatable process control technologies that adhere to industrial standards to enhance data reproducibility and aid industrial scale up. The practicability was demonstrated using a Chlorella sorokiniana cultivation, which showed the typical growth behavior. Due to the sophisticated implemented control engineering technology, pivotal parameters as pH and temperature can be determined within a range of ±0.1 units, which was confirmed experimentally. The new flat panel gas-lift photobioreactor presented in this brief report fills the technology gap at laboratory scale with an autoclavable volume of 7.2 L. Moreover, it is easy to rebuild by means of the hereby provided blueprint, while exhibiting a six-fold cost reduction compared to commercially available flat panel photobioreactors.

Scale-up of agitated crystallizers; Cooling batch crystallization of potassium aluminium sulphate

1982 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 1189-1194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaroslav Nývlt ◽  
Piotr Karpiński ◽  
Stanislav Žáček ◽  
Miloslav Karel ◽  
Jerzy Budz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Error ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Laboratory Scale ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Sieve Analysis ◽  
Aluminium Sulphate ◽  
Derived Relations ◽  
Batch Crystallization ◽  
Mean Size ◽  
The Mean

The crystallization of potassium aluminium sulphate was conducted by cooling a solution saturated at 70°C to a temperature of 25°C at three various cooling rates. The measurements were performed on a small scale (160 cm3) and a large laboratory scale (0.021 m3). The mean size of product crystals was determined by sieve analysis, and the system constant, BN, was calculated using previously derived relations. The BN value is the same, within experimental error, for all the experiments and scales, indicating that agitated-vessel cooling crystallizers can be modelled successfully even on a very small laboratory scale.

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