scholarly journals Butia capitata (Mart.) Becc. lamina anatomy as a tool for taxonomic distinction from B. odorata (Barb. Rodr.) Noblick comb. nov (Arecaceae)

2015 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
BRUNO F. SANT'ANNA-SANTOS ◽  
WELLINGTON G.O. CARVALHO JÚNIOR ◽  
VANESSA B. AMARAL
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Guard Cells ◽  
Plant Anatomy ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Epicuticular Waxes ◽  
Fibrous Layer ◽  
Middle Portion ◽  
Abaxial Surface ◽  
Adaxial Surface ◽  
Subsidiary Cells

The distinction between Butia capitata and B. odorata is based only on a few morphological characteristics, therefore there is a need for additional studies for supporting the separation of the species. As lamina anatomy characteristics are relevant in circumscribing Arecaceae taxa, this work aimed to describe B. capitata lamina anatomy and compare it with B. odorata. Samples from the middle portion of the pinnae were collected and processed in accordance with standard plant anatomy techniques. The epidermis is uniseriate and composed of a thick cuticle and epicuticular waxes into like hooked filaments. The subsidiary cells that arch over the guard cells are located at the hypodermis. The mesophyll is isobilateral and compact. The vascular bundles are collateral with a sclerenchymatic sheath extension that reaches the hypodermis. The stegmata cells have spherical and druse-like silica bodies. The midrib faces the adaxial surface with a thick fibrous layer surrounding the vascular bundles adjacent to the chlorenchyma. The stratified expansion tissue is on the abaxial surface, within the boundary between the mesophyll and midrib. Raphides are only found in B. capitata. Small bundles of the midrib fully surround the fibrous cylinder only in B. odorata. These characteristics are diagnostic and useful for supporting the proposed separation.

Leaf Anatomy of Wollemi Pine (Wollemia nobilis, Araucariaceae)

1999 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 795 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geoffrey E. Burrows ◽  
Suzanne Bullock
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Anatomy ◽  
Microscope Level ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Abaxial Surface ◽  
Spongy Mesophyll ◽  
Oblique Orientation ◽  
Adult Morphology ◽  
Leaf Surfaces ◽  
Subsidiary Cells ◽  
Resin Canals

Leaves of adult morphology from Wollemi pine(Wollemia nobilis W.G.Jones, K.D.Hill & J.M.Allen)possess a thick cuticle, sunken stomata, abundant hypodermal fibres, distinctpalisade and spongy mesophyll with most palisade development on the adaxialside, compartmented cells, resin canals, sclereids, and vascular bundles withtransfusion tissue and a fibre cap abaxial to the phloem. Stomata are presenton both leaf surfaces, although in greater density on the abaxial surface, andusually have an oblique orientation and four or five subsidiary cells. At thelight microscope level, Araucaria can be distinguishedfrom Agathis as it possesses unusual compartmented cellsin the mesophyll, while Agathis does not. In addition,most Agathis species are hypostomatic, while mostAraucaria species have stomata on both the abaxial andadaxial surfaces. Thus W. nobilis has a leaf anatomywhich has a greater similarity to Araucaria than toAgathis.

Specificity of cell type and timing of events associated with papilla formation and the hypersensitive reaction in leaves of Hordeum vulgare attacked by Erysiphe graminis f.sp. hordei

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (11) ◽  
pp. 2344-2352 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Koga ◽  
W. R. Bushnell ◽  
R. J. Zeyen
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Hypersensitive Reaction ◽  
Erysiphe Graminis ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Abaxial Surface ◽  
Hypersensitive Cell Death ◽  
Adaxial Surface ◽  
Papilla Formation ◽  
Mla Locus

Rates of haustorium formation by Erysiphe graminis f.sp. hordei were determined for epidermal tissues of primary leaves of a near-isogenic pair of barley (Hordeum vulgare) lines, AlgR and AlgS, which differed at the Mla locus for compatibility with the fungus. Epidermal cells were divided into two classes, namely shorter or longer than 450 μm. Cells near stomatal files were always short, whereas cells more distant from stomata were long on the abaxial surface, long on the adaxial surface over vascular bundles, but short on the adaxial surface when not over vascular bundles. At 24 h after inoculation, haustoria were formed in 70–80% of attacked short cells but in only 15–20% of attacked long cells. When haustoria were absent, papillae were present, so papilla-associated resistance was more frequent in long than in short cells. However, the percentage of attacked sites with papillae was the same in AlgR and AlgS, indicating that papilla-associated resistance was not related to Mla incompatibility. In AlgR, patterns of development showed that haustoria were produced before Mla incompatibility was expressed by hypersensitive cell death. Key words: papilla, hypersensitive, barley, epidermis, resistance, powdery mildew.

A systematic investigation of leaf epidermis in Camellia using light microscopy

Biologia ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chengqi Ao ◽  
Chuangxing Ye ◽  
Hongda Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Guard Cells ◽  
Systematic Investigation ◽  
Secretory Cells ◽  
Leaf Epidermis ◽  
Abaxial Surface ◽  
Stomatal Apparatus ◽  
Taxonomic Implications ◽  
Subsidiary Cells ◽  
Type 3

AbstractThe characters of mature leaf epidermis of 58 species and 3 varieties belonging to 19 sections, representing all the 4 subgenera: Protocamellia, Camellia, Thea and Metacamellia were investigated under light microscope. The main conclusions are as follows: 1) The shape of the epidermal cells is elliptical, polygonal or irregular and the anticlinal walls are arched, straight or sinuolate, sinuous to sinuate. 2) The stomatal apparatus, consisting of a stoma (a pore plus a pair of guard cells) and 3–4 subsidiary cells, restricted to the abaxial surface of the leaves, were assigned to anisocytic, anisotricytic, isotricytic or tetracytic type. 3) Special structures in leaf epidermis, such as stomatal clusters, aborted stomata, secretory cells, cuticular intrusions and their taxonomic implications were also elucidated.

scholarly journals KARYOMORPHOLOGICAL AND STOMATAL STUDIES OFALLIUM HOOKERITHWAITES

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (04) ◽  
pp. 127-133
Author(s):  
Sagufta Ismat ◽  
◽  
Kamini Kumar ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Length ◽  
Minimum Length ◽  
Middle Portion ◽  
Abaxial Surface ◽  
Maximum Width ◽  
Minimum Width ◽  
Adaxial Surface ◽  
Total Length ◽  
Karyotypic Study ◽  
Basal Portion

AlliumhookeriThwaites belongs toAmaryllidaceae family is one of the most important medicinal plants, enormously used in cancer or inflammation because it contains large amounts of sulfonylmethane.It is also used to treat coughs, colds, fatigue and to recover immunity. Karyotypic study showed that somatic chromosome number is 2n = 22. Only nearly sub median and nearly median chromosomes are found in the complement. Karyotype formula = 1 nsm(-)+ 10 nm=2n=22. The total length of long arms is 60.36 µm, ranging from 3.16µm to 8.23µm. Total length of short arms is 31.57µm, ranging from 1.75µm to 4.11µm. The total length of the chromosome is 92.17µm, ranging from 4.78µm to 12.35µm. Relative chromosome length ranges from38.70µm to 100 µm. Arm ratio ranges from1.70 to2.38.Tf %= 41.63.Centromeric index ranges from 0.40 to 0.28 and The total chromatin index is 100, ranging from 5.18 to 13.40. Anomocytic type of stomata is observedStomatal index and stomatal size were calculated. The maximum length (53.6±2.06µm) was observed in basal portion of the adaxial surface and the minimum length (45.2 ± 1.40µm) was observed in the middle portion of abaxial surface. The maximum width size (24.8±1.11µm) was observed in the basal portion of the adaxial surface and the minimum width was (18.8 ± 1.14µm) at the middle portion of the abaxial surface. Stomatal index 12.63±0.5) maximum and minimum (6.13±0.40) was observed.

scholarly journals First Report of White Rust Caused by Albugo tragopogonis on Sunflower in Belgium

Plant Disease ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 90 (3) ◽  
pp. 379-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Crepel ◽  
S. Inghelbrecht ◽  
S. G. Bobev
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
First Record ◽  
Cut Flowers ◽  
Abaxial Surface ◽  
Adaxial Surface ◽  
White Rust ◽  
Initial Symptoms ◽  
Pathogenicity Tests ◽  
Stem Lesions

Sunflower (Helianthus annuus) is widely used for cut flowers and decoration in Belgium. A serious outbreak of what was suspected to be white rust on sunflower was observed in an East Flemish nursery near the city of Ghent in August 2004. This disease has previously been reported in Europe (southwest of France) (1) and other parts of the world with losses as much as 70 to 80% (Australia, North and South America, and Africa) (2,3). In the Flemish nursery, only single diseased plants (cv. Sunrich) were found. Blister-like pustules containing sporangia were observed on infected leaves. Initially the blisters were pale green to yellow on the abaxial surface and white on the adaxial surface of the leaves. As the disease progressed, white pustules that formed on the adaxial surface of the leaves slowly turned yellow, and the blisters on the abaxial surface became yellow to orange and necrotic in the center. Finally, the pustules coalesced and the leaves withered. Stem lesions were not observed. Short, cylindrical to spherical-cuboid sporangia, recovered from the pustules on the adaxial surface of leaves, measured between 17.5 and 22.5 μm, with an average of 20.2 μm. Sporangial dimensions were similar to those of Albugo tragopogonis (Pers.) S.F. Gray (1). Inoculations were done by spraying a suspension of 1 × 105 sporangia per ml prepared by scraping pustules from naturally infected leaves. Leaves on three 2-month-old healthy plants were sprayed with this inoculum and three plants sprayed with distilled water served as controls. The plants were kept for 48 h under a humid chamber and subsequently at room temperature (20 to 25°C) on the laboratory bench. Initial symptoms of white rust were observed 12 to 14 days after inoculation. On the basis of symptoms, morphological characteristics, and pathogenicity tests, the pathogen was identified as A. tragopogonis. To our knowledge, this is the first record of A. tragopogonis on H. annuus in Belgium. References: (1) K. G. Mukerji. Description of Pathogenic Fungi and Bacteria. CMI, Kew, Surrey, England, UK, 1976. (2) A. Pernaud and A. Perny, Phytoma 471:43, 1995. (3) P. S. van Wyk et al. Helia 22:83, 1999.

A Scanning Electron Microscope Study of Isolated Guard Cells

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 454-455 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Dayanandan ◽  
P. B. Kaufman
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Electron Microscope Study ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Guard Cells ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope Study ◽  
Psilotum Nudum ◽  
Subsidiary Cells ◽  
Welwitschia Mirabilis ◽  
Cycas Revoluta ◽  
Scanning Electron

A three dimensional appreciation of the guard cell morphology coupled with ultrastjuctural studies should lead to a better understanding of their still obscure dynamics of movement. We have found the SEM of great value not only in studies of the surface details of stomata but also in resolving the structures and relationships that exist between the guard and subsidiary cells. We now report the isolation and SEM studies of guard cells from nine genera of plants.Guard cells were isolated from the following plants: Psilotum nudum, four species of Equisetum, Cycas revoluta, Ceratozamia sp., Pinus sylvestris, Ephedra cochuma, Welwitschia mirabilis, Euphorbia tirucalli and Allium cepa.

ONTOGENY OF STOMATA IN SOME CRUCIFERAE

1967 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 495-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. S. Paliwal
Keyword(s):  
Guard Cells ◽  
Vertical Division ◽  
Subsidiary Cells

The ontogeny of stomata was investigated in 12 species of Cruciferae. The three subsidiary cells as well as the guard cells originate from the same protodermal cell and thus the ontogeny conforms to the syndetocheilic type. The mature stomata are anisocytic. Sometimes, the subsidiary cells undergo a transverse and (or) vertical division and the mature stoma shows four to five subsidiary cells.

scholarly journals Adaptability and leaf anatomical features in oil palm seedlings produced by embryo rescue and pre-germinated seeds

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 209-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zanderluce G. Luis ◽  
Kadja Milena G. Bezerra ◽  
Jonny Everson Scherwinski-Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Oil Palm ◽  
Embryo Rescue ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Epidermal Cells ◽  
In Vitro Cultivation ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Anatomical Plasticity ◽  
Germinated Seeds

Changes in the leaf structure of plants grown in different conditions have been reported, such as increase in size and density of stomata and reduction in stomatal control, amount of epicuticular wax, and mesophyll thickness, with a high diversity of intercellular spaces. However, these changes are highly variable depending on the physiological and morphological characteristics of each species. The objective of this work was to analyze the adaptability and anatomical plasticity of oil palm seedlings produced after embryo rescue and pre-germinated seeds. Expanded leaves were prepared for evaluation of morphometric data and anatomical structures. It was verified that the environmental conditions in vitro negatively influenced the stomata density, epidermal and hypodermal thickness, and the values for the expansion cells and leaf mesophile. Anatomically, the oil palm leaves present the same tissues composition in both growth conditions, with uniseriate epidermal cells, and tetracitic stomata occurring in both epidermal surfaces. Epidermal cells from in vitro plants are thinner than ones from greenhouse. The midrib of leaves from greenhouse plants are more developed and is composed by only one central vascular bundle, while plants from in vitro cultivation developed three to four collateral vascular bundles.

Micromorphological studies of leaf epidermal features in populations of maples (Acer L.) from Iran

Phytotaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 299 (1) ◽  
pp. 36
Author(s):  
MOJGANSADAT MOHTASHAMIAN ◽  
FARIDEH ATTAR ◽  
KAVEH KAVOUSI ◽  
ALI MASOUDI-NEJAD
Keyword(s):  
Native Species ◽  
Deciduous Trees ◽  
Epicuticular Waxes ◽  
Abaxial Surface ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Qualitative Variables ◽  
Epidermal Features ◽  
Parametric Analyses ◽  
First Time

As the largest genus of broad leaved deciduous trees, Acer L. contains about 126 species distributed in the temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere. With eight native species in Iran, maples are among the most important tree species in the country. Micromorphological traits of 39 populations of Iranian native species indicated the value of leaf epidermal characteristics in identification and classification of maples. A number of epidermal morphological features of the abaxial surface were investigated using LM and SEM images. The occurrence of stomata in clusters is reported for the first time in Acer. The shape of the epidermal cells, anticlinal cell wall patterns, type of indumentum, and epicuticular waxes were the most significant variables in this study. The ability of quantitative and qualitative variables in segregating the studied taxa was evaluated by statistical methods, including PCA, MCA and Non-parametric analyses.

Fossil flowers and leaves of the Ebenaceae from the Eocene of southern Australia

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (10) ◽  
pp. 1825-1843 ◽  
Author(s):  
James F. Basinger ◽  
David C. Christophel
Keyword(s):  
Guard Cells ◽  
Epidermal Cells ◽  
Fossil Leaves ◽  
Extant Species ◽  
Late Tertiary ◽  
The Family ◽  
Fossil Flowers ◽  
Subsidiary Cells ◽  
Clay Lenses ◽  
Coal Measures

Numerous flowers and a diverse assemblage of leaves are mummified in clay lenses in the base of the Demons Bluff Formation overlying the Eastern View Coal Measures. Fossil localities occur in the Alcoa of Australia open cut near Anglesea, Victoria, Australia. Flowers are tubular, less than 10 mm long, and about 5 mm wide. Four sepals are connate forming a cup-shaped calyx. Four petals are fused in their basal third and alternate with sepals. Flowers are all unisexual and staminate. Stamens are epipetalous and consistently 16 in number, arranged in 8 radial pairs. Pollen is subprolate, tricolporate, and about 32 μm in diameter. The exine is smooth to slightly scabrate. A rudimentary ovary occurs in some flowers. Sepals usually have a somewhat textureless abaxial cuticle with actinocytic stomata. Some sepals, however, have frill-like cuticular thickenings over some abaxial epidermal cells and some subsidiary cells with pronounced papillae overarching guard cells. One of the more common leaf types found associated with the flowers is characterized by the same peculiar cuticular thickenings and overarching papillae on subsidiary cells that occur on sepals. This cuticular similarity indicates that flowers and leaves represent a single taxon. Leaves are highly variable in size and shape but are consistently entire margined, with pinnate, brochidodromous venation. The suite of features characterizing the flowers is unique to the Ebenaceae. Flowers of many extant species of Diospyros (Ebenaceae) closely resemble the fossil flowers. Fossil leaves, too, are typical of leaves of extant Diospyros. Both flowers and leaves are considered conspecific and have been assigned the name Austrodiospyros cryptostoma gen. et sp. nov. The Anglesea fossils represent one of the earliest well-documented occurrences of the Ebenaceae and are the earliest known remains of Ebenaceae from Australia. They support the hypothesis of a Gondwanan origin for the family with late Tertiary diversification in the Malesian region.

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