scholarly journals Pituitary macroadenoma: analysis of intercarotid artery distance compared to controls

2016 ◽  
Vol 74 (5) ◽  
pp. 396-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristian Ferrareze Nunes ◽  
Gustavo Augusto Porto Sereno Cabral ◽  
José Orlando de Mello Junior ◽  
Mario Alberto Lapenta ◽  
José Alberto Landeiro
Keyword(s):  
Pituitary Macroadenoma ◽  
Horizontal Segment ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Contrast Enhanced ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Giant Pituitary Adenomas ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Contrast Enhanced Mri ◽  
Intercarotid Distance

ABSTRACT Objective To evaluate the intercarotid distance (ICD) of patients with pituitary macroadenoma and compare to heatlhy controls. Method We retrospectively reviewed contrast-enhanced MRI images from twenty consecutive patients diagnosed with non-functioning pituitary macroadenoma, measured the ICD at two different levels (petrous segment – ICD1 and horizontal cavernous segment – ICD2) and compared to twenty paired controls. Results There was no statistically significant difference of the mean ICD1 between the groups and subgroups. For the ICD2 there was statistically significant difference between the case and controls. However, there was no significant difference between the patients with smaller adenomas and the controls. In contrast, the patients with giant adenomas showed statistically significantly higher ICD2 than the controls. Conclusion The ICD at the horizontal segment of the cavernous carotid tends to be wider in patients with giant pituitary adenomas than in healthy individuals or patients with smaller adenomas.

OVARIAN ASCORBIC ACID DEPLETION TEST FOR LUTEINIZING HORMONE

1967 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 619-625 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans Jacob Koed ◽  
Christian Hamburger
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Luteinizing Hormone ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Response Curve ◽  
Dose Response Curve ◽  
Human Origin ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Different Levels

ABSTRACT Comparison of the dose-response curves for LH of ovine origin (NIH-LH-S8) and of human origin (IRP-HMG-2) using the OAAD test showed a small, though statistically significant difference, the dose-response curve for LH of human origin being a little flatter. Two standard curves for ovine LH obtained with 14 months' interval, were parallel but at different levels of ovarian ascorbic acid. When the mean ascorbic acid depletions were calculated as percentages of the control levels, the two curves for NIH-LH-S8 were identical. The use of standards of human origin in the OAAD test for LH activity of human preparations is recommended.

Force Variability as an Objective Measure of Surgical Skill

2015 ◽  
Vol 74 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Siti Nor Zawani Ahmmad ◽  
Chew Zhen San ◽  
Eileen Su Lee Ming ◽  
Yeong Che Fai
Keyword(s):  
Objective Measure ◽  
Assessment Model ◽  
Force Variability ◽  
Surgical Skill ◽  
Control Task ◽  
Force Matching ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Target Force ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Different Levels

This study investigated the force variability of subjects with different level of surgical skills for different force levels. Twelve participants were recruited from three different levels of surgical experiences: A group of surgeon (N = 4), medical student (N = 3) and engineering student  (N = 5) underwent a simple finger force control task using a custom developed ‘Force Matching’ module.  Three different levels of target force were used: 2 N, 4 N, and 6 N. The task was performed simultaneously using right and left hands. The mean error of force was measured to compare the performance between the three group using Kruskal-Wallis test. A statistically significant difference was detected among the three groups at 2 N when using right hand. We also found that the surgeon group made less error compared to the two other groups at force level 4 N and 6 N for both hands. This finding has important implication for developing a parametric assessment model to evaluate basic skill level in surgical procedures. However, for most accurate result, a big sample size of subject is required.

scholarly journals INVESTIGATION OF ENTEROCOCCUS FAECALIS POPULATION IN PATIENTS WITH POLYP AND COLORECTAL CANCER IN COMPARISON OF HEALTHY INDIVIDUALS

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam GERAVAND ◽  
Parviz FALLAH ◽  
Mojtaba Hedayat YAGHOOBI ◽  
Fatemeh SOLEIMANIFAR ◽  
Malihe FARID ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Copy Number ◽  
Healthy People ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Faecal Flora ◽  
Copy Numbers ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Colorectal cancer is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers around the world. One of the factors involved in the development of colorectal cancer is the changes in the normal flora of the intestine. OBJECTIVE: In this study, the mean copy number of Enterococcus faecalis in people with polyps and people with colorectal cancer has been evaluated in comparison with healthy controls. METHODS: In this study, 25 patients with colorectal cancer and 28 patients with intestinal polyps were selected and stool specimens were taken. In addition, 24 healthy individuals were selected as control group. Extraction of bacterial DNA from the stool sample were performed. The molecular methods of PCR for confirmation of standard strain and absolute Real Time PCR (qRT-PCR) method were used to evaluate the number of Enterococcus faecalis in the studied groups. RESULTS: The results of this study indicate that the mean copy number of Enterococcus faecalis in patients with colorectal cancer was 11.2x109 per gram of stool, and in patients with polyps was 9.4x108 per gram of stool. In healthy people, this number was 9x108 per gram of stool. There was a significant difference between the implicit copy numbers in the three groups. (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Enterococcus faecalis in faecal flora of people with colorectal cancer was significantly higher than those with polyps and healthy people. This could potentially signify the ability of this bacterium to induce colorectal cancer. More studies are needed to prove this theory.

scholarly journals P0316RELATION OF RENAL ULTRASONOGRAPHIC MEASUREMENTS WITH BODY HEIGHT

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (Supplement_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrijana Spasovska Vasilova ◽  
Lada Trajcheska ◽  
Mimoza Milenkova ◽  
Aleksandra Canevska ◽  
Angela Kabova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Kidney Size ◽  
Equal Distribution ◽  
Kidney Length ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Background and Aims Kidney size has been found to be correlated with anthropometric features and is different among different ethnicities. In this study, we used ultrasonography for measurement of kidney volumes in healthy individuals and evaluated the relationships with body height, age and gender. Method We conducted a cross-sectional observational study and evaluated 108 healthy individuals whose serum creatinine level was within reference range. Patients’ medical clinical and laboratory records were reviewed. Age, gender and height were recorded. Pearson correlation coefficients were used to evaluate the strength of association between ultrasonographic parameters with each other and with other parameters, and were expressed as r2. Variations in left and right renal dimensions between various age groups were compared using a one-way analysis of variance, followed by a post-hoc Tukey's test. Results Subjects’ age ranged from 16 to 84 years and the mean age was over 50 years. There was an equal distribution among genders. Strong and positive correlations were seen for the measured length, parenchyma thickness and also for both total and parenchymal volumes with subjects’ height for both kidneys. The strongest correlations were observed for the left and right kidney length and also for the right kidney parenchymal volume (r=0.536, p=0.001; r=0.469, p=0.001; r=0.44, p=0.001). On the opposite, most of the relations with age were negative, but week and insignificant. When we divided the study subjects into three age groups and compared them for the height, there was no significant difference among them. Regarding the parenchymal and total kidney volumes of both kidneys, the different age groups showed similar findings in the ultrasonographic measurements. The mean calculated volumes were slightly declining with age and showed the largest values in the first group of patients under 30 years and lowest values in patients over 70 years old. Ultrasonographic measurements were also compared among the two genders. Both (men and women) showed similar age (53.55 ± 18.22 vs. 50.79 ± 18.13 p= 0.430, respectively). As for the height, men were significantly taller than women (1.734 ± 0.007 vs.1.637 ± 0.005, p= 0.001). The kidney length, volume and parenchymal volumes of both kidneys were significantly larger in men. Conclusion Renal length and volume are strongly correlated with body height. This relation must be considered in clinical decisions on further investigations regarding kidney disease progression.

scholarly journals Effect of supplemented dietary protein on certain haematological values and meat yield characteristics of broiler birds

1970 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
MS Alam ◽  
N Ahmad ◽  
MA Miah ◽  
R Islam
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
The Body ◽  
Meat Yield ◽  
Haematological Values ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group B ◽  
Different Levels

The effect of different levels of supplemented dietary protein on body weight, certain haematological values and meat yield characteristics in 20 "Shaver Star Bro" broilers was studied during the period from 02 March to 12 April 2002. The broilers were randomly assigned to four equal groups (A to D) each consisting of 5 birds. Group A was considered as control, fed only with commercial ration and other three groups were treated with extra dietary protein supplement @ 5%, 10% and 15% as group B, C and D respectively. Increased body weight was recorded in group B and the body weight decreases as the level of protein increased from 5% to 10% and 15% and the decrease was linear. No differences in haematological values were observed among the groups but the TEC varied significantly (p < 0.05). The mean weight of breast meat, drum stick meat varied significantly (p < 0.01). The shank weight varied significantly (p < 0.05) but there was no significant difference among the mean weight of thigh meat and wing meat corresponding to the different levels of supplemented dietary protein. It can be concluded that 5% supplemented dietary protein with commercial ration gives better result in respect to body weight gain, haematological values and meat yield characteristics.Key words: dietary protein; haematological values; meat yield; broiler birdsdoi: 10.3329/bjvm.v2i2.2543Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2004). 2 (2): 121-123

scholarly journals Influence of Contrast Media on Bone Mineral Density (BMD) Measurements from Routine Contrast-Enhanced MDCT Datasets using a Phantom-less BMD Measurement Tool

2017 ◽  
Vol 189 (06) ◽  
pp. 537-543 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Toelly ◽  
Constanze Bardach ◽  
Michael Weber ◽  
Rui Gong ◽  
Yanbo Lai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Arterial Phase ◽  
Measurement Tool ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Contrast Enhanced ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Venous Phase ◽  
The Mean

Aim To evaluate the differences in phantom-less bone mineral density (BMD) measurements in contrast-enhanced routine MDCT scans at different contrast phases, and to develop an algorithm for calculating a reliable BMD value. Materials and Methods 112 postmenopausal women from the age of 40 to 77 years (mean age: 57.31 years; SD 9.61) who underwent a clinically indicated MDCT scan, consisting of an unenhanced, an arterial, and a venous phase, were included. A retrospective analysis of the BMD values of the Th12 to L4 vertebrae in each phase was performed using a commercially available phantom-less measurement tool. Results The mean BMD value in the unenhanced MDCT scans was 79.76 mg/cm³ (SD 31.20), in the arterial phase it was 85.09 mg/cm³ (SD 31.61), and in the venous phase it was 86.18 mg/cm³ (SD 31.30). A significant difference (p < 0.001) was found between BMD values on unenhanced and contrast-enhanced MDCT scans. There was no significant difference between BMD values in the arterial and venous phases (p = 0.228). The following conversion formulas were calculated using linear regression: unenhanced BMD = -2.287 + 0.964 * [arterial BMD value] and -4.517 + 0.978 * [venous BMD value]. The intrarater agreement of BMD measurements was calculated with an intraclass correlation (ICC) of 0.984 and the interobserver reliability was calculated with an ICC of 0.991. Conclusion Phantom-less BMD measurements in contrast-enhanced MDCT scans result in increased mean BMD values, but, with the formulas applied in our study, a reliable BMD value can be calculated. However, the mean BMD values did not differ significantly between the arterial and venous phases. Key points  Citation Format

scholarly journals Main pulmonary artery diameter assessment in a large sample of Indian population: a MDCT based study

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 145
Author(s):  
Abdul Haseeb Wani ◽  
Yassar Shiekh ◽  
Najeeb Tallal Ahangar
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Artery ◽  
Main Pulmonary Artery ◽  
Normative Values ◽  
Contrast Enhanced Ct ◽  
Contrast Enhanced ◽  
Enhanced Ct ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Pulmonary Arterial ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Pulmonary Artery Diameter

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> The gold standard for pulmonary artery pressure measurement is right heart catheterization but its invasive nature precludes its routine use. Main pulmonary arterial trunk calibre increase is a strong indicator of underlying pulmonary arterial hypertension. MDCT can accurately measure the diameter of main pulmonary artery. The objective of the study was to establish the normative values of main pulmonary artery caliber using contrast enhanced CT and try to ascertain any significant difference in main pulmonary artery calibers between two genders and correlation of age and main pulmonary artery diameter.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> Contrast enhanced CT images of 462 subjects were analysed on a PACS workstation monitor and widest diameter perpendicular to long axis of the main pulmonary artery as seen on reformatted axial image was measured with electronic caliper tool at the level of the main pulmonary artery bifurcation.  </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> The mean main pulmonary artery diameter in females was 22.54±2.19 mm and 23.34±3.06 mm in males. The mean pulmonary artery diameter in males was larger than females with statistically significant difference seen (p&lt;0.05). The correlation coefficient between age of whole sample and their mean main pulmonary artery was found to be 0.1006 with no statistically significant difference.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> There is a statistically significant difference in the mean main pulmonary artery calibre between males and females with no strong correlation between the age and mean main pulmonary artery calibre. Further studies are warranted to find the complex interaction between main pulmonary artery diameter and sex, age and body mass index.</p>

scholarly journals Detection of recurrent brain tumors in children: No significant difference in sensitivity between unenhanced and contrast-enhanced MRI

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 259-266
Author(s):  
Yasmina Bouzidi ◽  
Emmanuel Barteau ◽  
Julien Lejeune ◽  
Maelle Dejobert ◽  
Bastien Gravellier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Interobserver Agreement ◽  
Brain Mri ◽  
Tumor Type ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Fisher Test ◽  
Enhanced Mri ◽  
Contrast Enhanced ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Contrast Enhanced Mri

Background Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with a gadolinium injection is currently used in the follow-up of children in remission of cerebral tumors (CTs). Intracerebral gadolinium deposition has been recently reported with unknown risks. The aim of this study was to evaluate the sensitivity of unenhanced brain MRI (U-MRI) in detection of tumor recurrence. Methods and materials A set of 58 U-MRIs of children in remission was retrospectively evaluated by three seniors (a neuroradiologist, a pediatric and a general radiologist) and one junior to look for any recurrence. Clinical, tumoral and imaging data were collected. The final diagnosis was anatomopathological when available, or the clinicoradiological evolution. Sensitivity, specificity, predictive values and interobserver agreement were calculated. A Fisher test and Fleiss kappa coefficient were performed. Results For the seniors, the U-MRI had a sensitivity of 81% (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.56–0.90), and a negative predictive value (NPV) of 82% (95% CI: 0.63–0.94). The U-MRI sensitivity, regardless of the observer, was not significantly different from the contrast-enhanced MRI sensitivity (86%) according to a Fisher test ( p > 0.05). No significant difference in sensitivity within the subgroups was found. The interobserver agreement of seniors was good (κ = 0.68). Conclusion U-MRI brain was suboptimal for 80% of patients. Three-dimensional millimetric, fluid-attenuated inversion recovery, and diffusion would constitute helpful sequences in follow-up. Further specific studies depending on each tumor type are still required to determine whether a potential abstention of gadolinium intravenous injection should be discussed for children.

Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced MRI Identifies a Distinct Group of Asymptomatic Myeloma Patients with Increased Bone Marrow Microcirculation.

Blood ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 108 (11) ◽  
pp. 5079-5079
Author(s):  
Jens Hillengass ◽  
Christian Zechmann ◽  
Andreas Nadler ◽  
Stefan Delorme ◽  
Axel Benner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Rate Constant ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Dynamic Contrast Enhanced ◽  
Contrast Enhanced ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Exchange Rate Constant ◽  
Focal Pattern ◽  
Contrast Enhanced Mri

Abstract Introduction: Dynamic contrast enhanced MRI (dceMRI) is an imaging technique detecting changes in local microcirculation reflecting increased angiogenesis. The dceMRI parameters Amplitude A and exchange rate constant kep have been shown to be significantly increased in patients with active multiple myeloma (MM) compared to healthy controls and to correlate with osteolytic bone involvement and prognosis. We now compared the parameters and infiltration patterns of dceMRI in patients with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) as well as in patients with asymptomatic MM not requiring chemotherapy (NRC-group) with those in patients with symptomatic MM requiring chemotherapy according to international standards. Methods: The NRC group contained 71 patients: 29 patients with MGUS, 39 patients with MM stage I and 3 patients with MM stage IIA according to Durie and Salmon. 24 patients had a diagnosis of a MM in stage II in progression (n = 3) or stage III (n = 21). All patients underwent standardized dceMRI with high temporal resolution (T1w-turboFLASH) of the lumbar spine before start of therapy. Color coded pharmacokinetic maps of imaged area were classified according to three distinct patterns of microcirculation: “normal” (as in healthy controls), “diffuse” or “focal”. The contrast uptake was quantified using a two compartment model with the output parameters Amplitude A and distribution constant rate kep reflecting bone marrow microcirculation. Results: 63 % of patients in the NRC group were found to have changes in the microcirculation pattern with 26 patients (37%) displaying a normal, 43 (60%) a diffuse and 2 (3%) a focal pattern. Within the NRC group 11 MGUS patients (38%) were found to have a normal pattern, 17 patients (59%) had a diffuse and 1 patient (3%) presented with a focal pattern. 79 % of patients with symptomatic MM had an abnormal microcirculation pattern with 5 (21%) MM patients showing a normal, 12 (50%) a diffuse and 7 (29%) a focal pattern. Statistical comparison did not reveal a significant difference in the total incidence between NRC and symptomatic MM group. Comparison of quantitative microcirculation parameters did not show a significant difference of Amplitude A (p=0.87) and exchange rate constant kep (p=0.3) in MGUS patients compared to patients with asymptomatic MM. Comparing the NRC group with the symptomatic myeloma group revealed a significant higher Amplitude A in the symptomatic MM group (p=0.01). There was no significant difference in exchange rate constant kep. Conclusion: Our investigations revealed a group of patients with asymptomatic myeloma and MGUS that display significant increase in bone marrow microcirculation. Our findings could be the basis for stratified treatment of patients with novel therapeutics targeting the vascular system. Prognostic implications for systemic and local development of the malignant disease are topic of current investigations.

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