scholarly journals WEED INTERFERENCE IN CARROT YIELD IN TWO LOCALIZED IRRIGATION SYSTEMS

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-131
Author(s):  
LAÍS TEREZA RÊGO TORQUATO REGINALDO ◽  
HAMURÁBI ANIZIO LINS ◽  
MATHEUS DE FREITAS SOUSA ◽  
TALIANE MARIA DA SILVA TEÓFILO ◽  
VANDER MENDONÇA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Critical Period ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Sprinkler Irrigation ◽  
Irrigation Systems ◽  
Weed Interference ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Relative Production ◽  
Crop Cycle

ABSTRACT Weed interference is one of the factors that reduces carrot yield considerably. The aim of this study was to determine the periods of weed interference in carrots cultivated under two localized irrigation systems. The experiment used a completely randomized block design, with three replications, using the split plot scheme. The plots consisted of two irrigation systems (drip and micro sprinkler) and the subplots corresponded to the duration of coexistence of the crop with weeds, comprising periods of control (weed -free) or coexistence (with weeds) (0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, and 120 days after emergence (DAE) of the crop). Considering a yield loss of 2.5%, 5%, and 10% in marketable carrots, the beginning and end of the critical period of weed control (CPWC) was determined by adjusting a sigmoid model to the relative production data. The presence of the weed community throughout the crop cycle resulted in yield losses of up to 98%. The CPWP varied for the irrigation systems used. Carrot cultivation with and without competition, under the micro sprinkler irrigation system showed a higher yield than with the drip system. Considering a yield loss of 5%, the CPWC was 23 DAE and 7 DAE in the drip irrigation and micro sprinkler irrigation systems, respectively.

scholarly journals Interference Periods in Soybean Crop as Affected by Emergence Times of Weeds

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
R.R. ZANDONÁ ◽  
D. AGOSTINETTO ◽  
B.M. SILVA ◽  
Q. RUCHEL ◽  
D.S. FRAGA
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Critical Period ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Weed Interference ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Intermediate Time ◽  
Crop Cycle ◽  
Weed Emergence

ABSTRACT: Weeds emergence times modify competition with crops. Thus, the hypothesis was that the increase in weed emergence flow decreases the period prior to interference (PPI) in soybeans and increases the critical period of interference prevention (CPIP). The objective was to determine the PPI and the CPIP of weeds in soybean crops as affected by the preferred time of weeds emergence flow. Three experiments were conducted in the field in a randomized block design with four replications. The treatments were arranged in a factorial design with factor A consisting of coexistence or weed control in soybeans and factor B for eight periods (0, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42 and 135 days after crop emergence (DAE)). The numbers of emerged plants and weed dry mass by genus and crop productivity were evaluated. The weed interference in culture during all the crop cycle reduces the soybean average yield 73, 94 and 89% in the first, second and third sowing times, respectively. Chemical control may be adopted at the end of PPI, which must be done at 14, 15 and 5 DAE crop, for the first, second, third times, respectively. The sowing in advance and intermediate time of recommendation increase the PPI in about 10 days, favoring the weed management in soybean crops.

scholarly journals Weed Management in Rice under Sprinkler and Flood Irrigation Systems

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.B. HELGUEIRA ◽  
T. D’AVILA ROSA ◽  
L. GALON ◽  
D.S. MOURA ◽  
A.T. MARTINI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Sprinkler Irrigation ◽  
Flood Irrigation ◽  
Irrigation Systems ◽  
Factor B ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Herbicide Treatments

ABSTRACT: This study aimed to assess the efficiency and selectivity of herbicides in rice submitted to sprinkler and flood irrigation systems. The experimental design was a randomized block design arranged in a 2 × 9 factorial scheme. Factor A consisted of irrigation systems (sprinkler and flood) and Factor B consisted of herbicide treatments (T1 - control; T2 - imazethapyr + imazapic, 75 + 25 g a.i. ha-1; T3 - imazethapyr + imazapic, 150 + 50 g a.i. ha-1; T4 - imazapic + imazapyr, 73.5 + 24.5 g a.i. ha-1; T5 - imazapic + imazapyr, 147 + 49 g a.i. ha-1; T6 - imazethapyr, 106 g a.i. ha-1; T7 - imazethapyr, 212 g a.i. ha-1; T8 - sequential application of imazethapyr + imazapic, 75 + 25 g a.i. ha-1; and T9 - sequential application of imazapic + imazapyr, 73.5 + 24.5 g a.i. ha-1). The application of imazethapyr and formulated mixtures of imazethapyr + imazapic and imazapyr + imazapic provided a control higher than 97% in flood and sprinkler irrigation systems. Herbicide selectivity is not altered in the sprinkler irrigation system when compared to the flood irrigation system.

scholarly journals Sunflower cultivation under different irrigation systems and planting spacings in the sub-middle region of São Francisco Valley

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (6supl2) ◽  
pp. 2899-2910
Author(s):  
Welson Lima Simões ◽  
◽  
Jucicléia Soares da Silva ◽  
Anderson Ramos de Oliveira ◽  
Amadeu Regitano Neto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation System ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Sprinkler Irrigation ◽  
Sprinkler System ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Middle Region ◽  
Irrigation Systems ◽  
Head Diameter ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Number Of Leaves

The growth and yield of sunflower plants can be influenced by the plant population arrangement and the type of irrigation system adopted to meet the water requirements of the crop. This study examines the influence of different irrigation systems and spacings between planting rows on the development of sunflower cultivars for the sub-middle region of São Francisco Valley. The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design with a split-plot arrangement in which the plots consisted of three irrigation systems (drip, micro-sprinkler and sprinkler); sub-plots were represented by three spacings between planting rows (0.65, 0.55 and 0.45 m); and sub-sub-plots corresponded to two sunflower cultivars (Hélio 251 and Hélio 360). The following variables were analyzed: plant height; number of leaves; stem diameter; number of heads; head diameter; dry biomass of stems, leaves and heads; and achene yield. The different irrigation systems and row spacings markedly influenced the growth of the sunflower cultivars. The highest yield of cultivar Hélio 251 was obtained with the drip irrigation system and 0.55 m spacing. Cultivar Hélio 360 achieved the highest yields when irrigated by the micro-sprinkler system at 0.55 and 0.45 m spacing. In the sprinkler irrigation system, cultivar Hélio 360 obtained the highest yield at 0.45 m spacing.

scholarly journals AGRONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PACOVAN ORGANIC BANANA IN IRRIGATION SYSTEMS IN THE AÇU-RN VALLEY

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 370-378
Author(s):  
JÚLIO JUSTINO DE ARAÚJO ◽  
VANDER MENDONÇA ◽  
MARIA FRANCISCA SOARES PEREIRA ◽  
MATHEUS DE FREITAS SOUZA
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation System ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Sprinkler Irrigation ◽  
Tropical Region ◽  
Irrigation Systems ◽  
Banana Production ◽  
Banana Tree ◽  
The One ◽  
Small Producers ◽  
Alternative Irrigation

ABSTRACT The banana tree is grown in an extensive tropical region throughout the world, usually by small producers. The present work had the objective of evaluating irrigation systems in banana production in the Açu-RN Valley, aiming at alternatives so that they can be recommended to farmers in the Açu Valley region. The experiment was carried out in the area of the School Farm of the IFRN Campus Ipanguaçu, located in the municipality of Ipanguaçu-RN. The experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design with subdivided plots and eight replications. The irrigation systems were: irrigation, drip irrigation, micro sprinkler and alternative irrigation. The plots were composed of eight useful plants with spacing in double rows 4 x 2 x 2 m. Eight characteristics related to production were evaluated: bunch mass (MC); number of leaves (NP); number of fruits per cluster (NFC); mean mass of the leaves (MMP); diameter of the fruit of the second seed (DF2P); length of the fruit of the second seed (CF2P); mean fruit mass (MMF); productivity (Prod). The data were submitted to analysis of variance and the means were compared by the Tukey test at 5% of probability. In the first cycle of production the sprinkler irrigation system was the one that presented better results the productivity of the Pacovan banana tree; in the 3rd cycle the alternative irrigation system was the one that showed better results the productivity of the banana tree; where the electrical conductivity correlated with the sodium adsorption ratio in the irrigation water, contributed to a moderate limitation of use.

scholarly journals Interference periods of velvet bean in sugarcane

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (8) ◽  
pp. 1329-1337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernanda Nunes Bressanin ◽  
Nelson Jayme Neto ◽  
Mariluce Pascoalina Nepomuceno ◽  
Pedro Luís da Costa Aguiar Alves ◽  
Willians César Carrega
Keyword(s):  
Critical Period ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Velvet Bean ◽  
Total Period ◽  
Sugarcane Cultivar ◽  
Weed Interference ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Bud Sprouting ◽  
Sugarcane Yield

ABSTRACT: The objective of the present study was to determine the periods of interference of velvet bean on ratoons of sugarcane cultivar 'RB855536' and to identify its potential for decreasing the crop yield and the quality of the harvested product. The experiment was arranged in a randomized block design, with 18 treatments divided into two groups and four replicates per treatment. In the first group, the sugarcane was kept free from velvet bean interference for nine different periods, beginning at bud sprouting: 0-15, 0-30, 0-45, 0-60, 0-90, 0-120, 0-150, and 0-180 days after budding (DAB) and 0-harvest. In the second group, sugarcane was grown in coexistence with velvet bean during the same periods described for the first group. The critical period of interference prevention for velvet bean in ratoons of sugarcane cv. 'RB 855536' lasted 138 days, from 50 DAB (pre-interference period [PIP]) to188 DAB (total period of weed interference prevention [TPIP]). Velvet bean interference caused a 50% decrease in sugarcane yield and negatively affected the quality of the harvested product.

scholarly journals Budidaya Bawang Merah (Allium ascalonicum L.) pada Lahan Kering Menggunakan Irigasi Sprinkler pada berbagai Volume dan Frekuensi

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Rahmi Fauziah ◽  
Anas D. Susila ◽  
Eko Sulistyono
Keyword(s):  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Sprinkler Irrigation ◽  
Dry Land ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Pressurized Irrigation ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Irrigation Volume

<p>ABSTRACT</p><p><br />Shallot is one of important commodity besides chili and potatoes. Shallot is cultivated on dry land. The dry land used in Indonesia is still relatively small, while the potential of this area is considered large for the development of agriculture. Pressurized irrigation system has the advantage of efficient use of water making it suitable to be applied on dry land. The study consisted of two experiments, the effect of irrigation volume and frequency of irrigation influence on the growth of shallot. The research was conducted at the Experimental Station Teaching Farm and Postharvest Laboratory Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Bogor Agricultural University from October 2014 to April 2015. The research consisted of two experiments by using a Randomized Block Design with four replications. The treatment in the first experiment was percentage of the volume of irrigation water consisting of five levels (S100% ETc, S75% ETc, S50% ETc, S25% ETc (with sprinkler) and 100% ETc conventional (without sprinkler). The treatment in the second experiment was frequency of irrigation consisting of four levels (two times a day, once a day, once in two days one and once in three days). Results of the first experiment showed the plants could grow<br />and produced up to S25% ETc or 81.17% water available for evapotranspiration, but the best treatment was S100% ETc volume irrigation, based on yields. Watering with sprinkler irrigation provided better effect than manual watering which was usually done by farmers. The second eperiment showed that the best watering frequency for vegetative growth was once a day while for total yield was twice a day.</p><p>Key words: dryland, irrigation, shallot, sprinkler, total yield, vegetative growth,</p><p>ABSTRAK</p><p><br />Bawang merah salah satu komoditas unggulan nasional selain cabai dan kentang. Budidaya bawang merah umumnya dilakukan pada lahan kering dan membutuhkan irigasi. Sistem irigasi bertekanan memiliki keunggulan dalam efisiensi penggunaan air sehingga cocok untuk diterapkan<br />pada lahan kering. Penelitian terdiri atas dua percobaan, yaitu pengaruh volume irigasi dan pengaruh frekuensi irigasi terhadap pertumbuhan dan produksi bawang merah. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Kebun Percobaan Teaching Farm dan Laboratorium Pascapanen Departemen Agronomi dan<br />Hortikultura, Institut Pertanian Bogor dari Oktober 2014 sampai April 2015. Penelitian terdiri atas dua percobaan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok dengan empat ulangan. Perlakuan pada percobaan 1 adalah persentase volume air irigasi terdiri atas 5 taraf (S100% ETc, S75% ETc, S50% ETc, S25% ETc (dengan sprinkler) dan konvensional 100% ETc (tanpa sprinkler), sedangkan perlakuan pada percobaan 2 adalah frekuensi irigasi terdiri atas 4 taraf yaitu dua kali sehari, satu kali sehari, dua hari sekali, tiga hari sekali. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan tanaman masih dapat tumbuh dan berproduksi sampai volume irigasi S25% ETc atau 81.17% air tesedia sudah dievapotranspirasikan oleh tanaman, tetapi perlakuan terbaik ialah volume irigasi S100% ETc berdasarkan bobot panen total. Penyiraman dengan irigasi sprinkler memberikan efek yang sama bahkan lebih baik dibanding penyiraman secara manual yang biasa dilakukan oleh petani. Frekuensi penyiraman terbaik untuk pertumbuhan vegetatif adalah satu kali sehari sementara untuk bobot panen total adalah dua kali sehari.</p><p>Kata kunci: bawang merah, hasil total, irigasi, lahan kering, pertumbuhan vegetatif, sprinkler</p>

scholarly journals Interference Periods of Raphanus raphanistrum L. in Sunflower Crop

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. AGOSTINETTO ◽  
N. WESTENDORFF ◽  
R.R. ZANDONÁ ◽  
A.R. ULGUIM ◽  
A.C. LANGARO
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Wild Radish ◽  
Raphanus Raphanistrum ◽  
Total Period ◽  
Weed Interference ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Development Cycle ◽  
Sunflower Crop ◽  
Crop Cycle

ABSTRACT: Raphanus raphanistrum L. (wild radish) stands out among the weeds that cause greatest damage to the sunflower crop, due to the development cycle and adaptability. The objective of this research was to determine interference periods of sunflower interacting with wild radish, and the effects of competition on yield and its components. The experiment was conducted in the field in a randomized block design with four replications. The treatments were arranged in a factorial design with factor A composed of wild radish coexistence or control in sunflower, and factor B, for eight periods (0, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42 and 135 days after crop emergence). It was evaluated height, diameter of chapters, achene yield and dry matter of weeds and crop. The presence of wild radish adversely affects the accumulation of dry mass, head diameter, thousand grain weight and reduces sunflower productivity when the wild radish interacts during the whole crop cycle, but does not affect on plant height. Chemical control of wild radish may be adopted at the end of period prior to interference, which for sunflower crop is 13 DAE, and the application is sufficient to avoid weed interference until the end of the total period of interference prevention which occurs until 17 days after crop emergence.

scholarly journals Weed Interference in Semi-Erect and Semi-Prostate Cowpea Cultivars

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.S. CASTRO ◽  
P.R.R. ROCHA ◽  
G.F. BARRETO ◽  
S.S. MAIA ◽  
J.A.A. ALBUQUERQUE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Critical Period ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Control Period ◽  
Management Control ◽  
Cowpea Cultivars ◽  
Weed Interference ◽  
Maximum Productivity ◽  
Randomized Block Design

ABSTRACT: This study aimed to determine weed interference periods in semi-erect and semi-prostrate cowpea cultivars. Two simultaneous experiments were conducted with the cowpea cultivars BRS Guariba (semi-erect) and BRS Aracê (semi-prostrate). The experimental design was a randomized block design with four replications in a 7 × 2 factorial scheme, seven periods × two weed management (control and coexistence). Control and coexistence periods consisted of 0, 0-8, 0-16, 0-24, 0-32, 0-45, and 0-60 days after emergence (DAE) for the semi-erect cultivar and 0, 0-8, 0-16, 0-24, 0-32, 0-45, and 0-64 DAE for the semi-prostrate cultivar. Competition throughout the cycle reduced productivity by up to 39.81% for BRS Guariba and 37.27% for BRS Aracê. The cultivars BRS Guariba and BRS Aracê presented critical period of interference prevention of 9 to 41 DAE and 15 to 32 DAE, respectively. The semi-prostrate cultivar BRS Aracê was more competitive with weeds, requiring a shorter control period to express maximum productivity.

scholarly journals Agronomic performance of ‘BRS Princesa’ banana under fertigation and mulching

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 979-998
Author(s):  
Elves Almeida Souza ◽  
◽  
Eugênio Ferreira Coelho ◽  
Marcelo Rocha Santos ◽  
Diego Magalhães Melo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation System ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Sprinkler Irrigation ◽  
Bare Soil ◽  
Sprinkler System ◽  
Agronomic Performance ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Potassium Use Efficiency ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Drip Fertigation

Banana is one of the most produced fruit crops in Brazil and has great economic, social and nutritional importance. Factors such as water availability and well-managed fertilization are fundamental to achieving profitable yields. The aim of this study was to examine the agronomic performance and water use efficiency of ‘BRS Princesa’ banana under combinations of irrigation systems, fertilization methods and mulching, during three production cycles. The experiment was laid out in a randomized-block design with four replicates. Treatments consisted of a combination of the localized irrigation system, fertilization strategy and mulching, as follows: Drip irrigation with manual fertilization; Micro-sprinkler irrigation with manual fertilization; Drip fertigation with mulch; Drip fertigation without mulch; Micro-sprinkler fertigation with mulch; and Micro-sprinkler fertigation without mulch. The plants were irrigated every three days, using three 4-L h-1 drippers per plant or a 64-L h-1 micro-sprinkler for every four plants. The following variables were analyzed: number of leaves, plant height, pseudostem circumference, number of hands, hand yield, water and nutrient (nitrogen and potassium) use efficiency and earliness. The micro-sprinkler system provided a greater pseudostem circumference without the presence of mulch. Plants under micro-sprinkler fertigation with mulching grew taller. The banana yield was higher when fertigation was used than with manual fertilization, regardless of the irrigation system. Plants grown in mulched soil were more productive than those grown in bare soil. The use of mulch increased water, nitrogen and potassium use efficiency when compared with cultivation in bare soil. Drip-irrigated plants showed earlier production than those irrigated with micro-sprinklers.

scholarly journals Quantification of Avoidable Yield Losses in Oilseed Brassica Caused by Insect Pests

2011 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jagdev Kular ◽  
Sarwan Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
The Other ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Eruca Sativa ◽  
Mustard Aphid ◽  
Randomized Block Design

Quantification of Avoidable Yield Losses in OilseedBrassicaCaused by Insect PestsA six year field study was conducted from 2001-2002 to 2006-2007 at Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India to study the losses in seed yield of differentBrassicaspecies (B. juncea, B. napus, B. carinata, B. rapaandEruca sativa) by the infestation of insect pests. The experiment was conducted in two different sets viz. protected/sprayed and unprotected, in a randomized block design, with three replications. Data on the infestation of insect pests, and seed yield were recorded at weekly intervals and at harvest, respectively. The loss in seed yield, due to mustard aphid and cabbage caterpillar, varied from 6.5 to 26.4 per cent.E. sativasuffered the least loss in seed yield and harboured the minimum population of mustard aphid (2.1 aphids/plant) and cabbage caterpillar (2.4 larvae/plant). On the other hand,B. carinatawas highly susceptible to the cabbage caterpillar (26.2 larvae/plant) and suffered the maximum yield loss (26.4%).

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