scholarly journals Mathematical modeling of the infiltration in a permeable pavement on the field scale

RBRH ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marília Neves Marinho ◽  
Artur Paiva Coutinho ◽  
Severino Martins dos Santos Neto ◽  
Cézar Augusto Casagrande ◽  
Guilherme Teotônio Leite Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Field Scale ◽  
Infiltration Capacity ◽  
Infiltration Process ◽  
Permeable Pavement ◽  
Parking Lot ◽  
Concrete Blocks ◽  
Infiltration Tests ◽  
Real Scale

ABSTRACT Permeable pavement (PP) is an alternative for the management of urban rainwater that allows the reduction of effective precipitation through the infiltration process. In this study was evaluated the infiltration capacity of a PP of hollow concrete blocks in a parking lot of the Federal University of Pernambuco. The hydraulic characterization and the infiltration capacity were analyzed in real scale, using a simple ring infiltrometer of 100 cm in diameter through the Beerkan method. Infiltration tests were carried out at twelve points of the PP. The BEST algorithm was applied in it Best-Intercept and Best-Slope version, to estimate the hydraulic parameters of the van Genutchen and Brooks and Corey equations for the retention and hydraulic conductivity of the PP surface. The values of saturated hydraulic conductivity determined by the BEST Intercept method were higher than those obtained by BEST Slope. The sorptivity values estimated by BEST Slope and Intercept were similar, with BEST Slope values slightly higher. Moderate infiltration variability was observed on the PP surface, as well as within the same type of texture. The Beerkan method proved to be adaptable to measure, in field scale, the three-dimensional infiltration in the PP covering layer.

scholarly journals Assessment of Restorative Maintenance Practices on the Infiltration Capacity of Permeable Pavement

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1563 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mari Danz ◽  
William Selbig ◽  
Nicolas Buer
Keyword(s):  
Solid Matrix ◽  
Hand Tools ◽  
Infiltration Capacity ◽  
Porous Asphalt ◽  
Permeable Pavement ◽  
Infiltration Rates ◽  
Maintenance Practice ◽  
Parking Lot ◽  
System Maintenance ◽  
High Suction

Permeable pavement has the potential to be an effective tool in managing stormwater runoff through retention of sediment and other contaminants associated with urban development. The infiltration capacity of permeable pavement declines as more sediment is captured, thereby reducing its ability to treat runoff. Regular restorative maintenance practices can alleviate this issue and prolong the useful life and benefits of the system. Maintenance practices used to restore the infiltration capacity of permeable pavement were evaluated on three surfaces: Permeable interlocking concrete pavers (PICP), pervious concrete (PC), and porous asphalt (PA). Each of the three test plots received a similar volume of runoff and sediment load from an adjacent, impervious asphalt parking lot. Six different maintenance practices were evaluated over a four-year period: Hand-held pressure washer and vacuum, leaf blower and push broom, vacuum-assisted street cleaner, manual disturbance of PICP aggregate, pressure washing and vacuuming, and compressed air and vacuuming. Of the six practices tested, five were completed on PICP, four on PC, and two on PA. Nearly all forms of maintenance resulted in increased average surface infiltration rates. Increases ranged from 94% to 1703% for PICP, 5% to 169% for PC, and 16% to 40% for PA. Disruption of the aggregate between the joints of PICP, whether by simple hand tools or sophisticated machinery, resulted in significant (p ≤ 0.05) gains in infiltration capacity. Sediment penetrated into the solid matrix of the PC and PA, making maintenance practices using a high-pressure wash followed by high-suction vacuum the most effective for these permeable pavement types. In all instances, when the same maintenance practice was done on multiple surfaces, PICP showed the greatest recovery in infiltration capacity.

scholarly journals Effect of the choice of different methods on the permeable pavement hydraulic characterization and hydrological classification

2021 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 332-346
Author(s):  
Larissa Virgínia da Silva Ribas ◽  
Artur Paiva Coutinho ◽  
Laurent Lassabatere ◽  
Severino Martins dos Santos Neto ◽  
Suzana Maria Gico Lima Montenegro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Soil Classification ◽  
Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Water Infiltration ◽  
Infiltration Capacity ◽  
Characterization Methods ◽  
Permeable Pavement ◽  
Permeable Pavements

Abstract The permeable pavement is a compensatory drainage technique for urban waters that aims to control runoff and to ensure ideal hydrological conditions. This work had as main objectives to evaluate the infiltration capacity of a permeable pavement (PP) at real scale, through analytical and numerical modeling. It relies on water infiltration experiments and related modeling for the hydrodynamic characterization of the coating layer (saturated hydraulic conductivity, Ks , and sorptivity, S). A large panel of analytical and numerical models was considered, and several estimates were obtained. Then, the criteria for the evaluation of the maintenance requirement of the permeable pavements were computed for all the Ks -estimates considering the NCRS standards (assessment of permeability levels). The results indicated nice fits and accurate estimates for both the saturated hydraulic conductivity and the sorptivity. However, the Ks -estimates depended on the considered model and led to contrasting results in terms of classification. For 8 of the 9 models, the value of the Ks -estimate leads to the classification of “Group A” of the NCRS soil classification, meaning a very permeable material. In contrasts, the last method (numerical inverse modeling) classified the permeable pavement as “Group D”, i.e., soils with low permeability. Those results show the importance of the selection of characterization methods regarding the assessment of the hydrological classification of permeable pavements.

scholarly journals ESTUDO EXPERIMENTAL DO DESEMPENHO DE PAVIMENTOS PERMEÁVEIS COMO ALTERNATIVA DE REDUÇÃO DO ESCOAMENTO SUPERFICIAL EM ÁREAS URBANAS

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 300-313
Author(s):  
Enicléia Nunes de Sousa Barros ◽  
Saymon Martin Boaventura
Keyword(s):  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Centers ◽  
Infiltration Capacity ◽  
Permeable Pavement ◽  
Porous Concrete ◽  
Flow Parameters ◽  
Concrete Blocks ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
Process Of Urbanization

RESUMO:  O processo de urbanização das cidades sem o adequado planejamento de uso do solo provoca uma crescente impermeabilização deste, levando a constantes cheias nos centros urbanos. Entende-se que os sistemas tradicionais de drenagem resolvem apenas parte do problema, pois não agem nas causas mas somente nos efeitos. Nesse sentido o presente trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar o desempenho do pavimento permeável em relação à capacidade de infiltração das águas pluviais, visando à redução do escoamento superficial em áreas urbanas; para isso foi realizada a simulação chuvas para obter o escoamento por meio da equação de precipitação de Palmas-TO, onde foi possível aferir parâmetros de infiltração e escoamento; também foram produzidos e ensaiados blocos em concreto poroso para avaliar sua capacidade de infiltração. Na simulação efetuada sobre o pavimento permeável em blocos intertravados observou-se que ocorreu uma absorção da precipitação nos 9 minutos iniciais; já na simulação realizada sobre os blocos vazados percebeu-se que neste praticamente não ocorreu escoamento superficial. Os blocos em concreto poroso demonstraram uma ótima capacidade de infiltração, conseguindo comportar em seu interior 7,2 litros, o que significa uma infiltração instantânea de 7,2mm de chuva. ABSTRACT: The process of urbanization of cities without the adequate planning of land use causes a growing waterproofing of this, leading to constant floods in urban centers. It is understood that traditional drainage systems solve only part of the problem, as they do not act on causes but only on the effects. In this sense, the present work aims to evaluate the performance of the permeable pavement in relation to the infiltration capacity of rainwater, aiming at reducing surface runoff in urban areas; for this, the simulation was performed rains to obtain the flow through the Palmas-TO precipitation equation, where it was possible to measure infiltration and flow parameters; blocks were also produced and tested in porous concrete to assess their ability to infiltrate. In the simulation carried out on the permeable pavement in interlocked blocks it was observed that precipitation was absorbed in the initial 9 minutes; already in the simulation carried out on the leaked blocks it was noticed that in this practically no surface runoff occurred. The porous concrete blocks demonstrated an excellent infiltration capacity, managing to accommodate 7.2 liters inside, which means an instant infiltration of 7.2mm of rain.

scholarly journals Experimental investigation to characterize simple versus multi scaling analysis of hydraulic conductivity at a mesoscale

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guglielmo Federico Antonio Brunetti ◽  
Samuele De Bartolo ◽  
Carmine Fallico ◽  
Ferdinando Frega ◽  
Maria Fernanda Rivera Velásquez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Spatial Variability ◽  
Hydraulic Properties ◽  
Scaling Laws ◽  
Scaling Analysis ◽  
Field Scale ◽  
Porous Formation ◽  
Proper Design ◽  
First Time

AbstractThe spatial variability of the aquifers' hydraulic properties can be satisfactorily described by means of scaling laws. The latter enable one to relate the small (typically laboratory) scale to the larger (typically formation/regional) ones, therefore leading de facto to an upscaling procedure. In the present study, we are concerned with the spatial variability of the hydraulic conductivity K into a strongly heterogeneous porous formation. A strategy, allowing one to identify correctly the single/multiple scaling of K, is applied for the first time to a large caisson, where the medium was packed. In particular, we show how to identify the various scaling ranges with special emphasis on the determination of the related cut-off limits. Finally, we illustrate how the heterogeneity enhances with the increasing scale of observation, by identifying the proper law accounting for the transition from the laboratory to the field scale. Results of the present study are of paramount utility for the proper design of pumping tests in formations where the degree of spatial variability of the hydraulic conductivity does not allow regarding them as “weakly heterogeneous”, as well as for the study of dispersion mechanisms.

Field scale hydraulic conductivity and compressibility of organic clays

2017 ◽  
Vol 220 ◽  
pp. 52-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Navid H. Jafari ◽  
Timothy D. Stark
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Field Scale

scholarly journals Three-dimensional hydraulic conductivity upscaling in groundwater modeling

2010 ◽  
Vol 36 (10) ◽  
pp. 1224-1235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haiyan Zhou ◽  
Liangping Li ◽  
J. Jaime Gómez-Hernández
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Groundwater Modeling ◽  
Three Dimensional

scholarly journals Learning Human Anatomy Using Three-Dimensional Models Made from Real-Scale Bone Pieces: Experience with the Knee Joint among Pre-Service Biology Teachers

2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 1299-1306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo A Lizana ◽  
Cristian Merino ◽  
Arlette Bassaber ◽  
Ricardo Henríquez ◽  
G Vega-Fernández ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Knee Joint ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Human Anatomy ◽  
Biology Teachers ◽  
Dimensional Models ◽  
Three Dimensional Models ◽  
Real Scale

scholarly journals Hydrological response of hydrographic sub-basins in the Piracicaba River Basin - Southeast Region of Brazil

2022 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Claudia Pereira Carvalho ◽  
Reinaldo Lorandi ◽  
José Augusto Di Lollo ◽  
Eduardo Goulart Collares ◽  
Luiz Eduardo Moschini
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Drainage Density ◽  
Environmental Data ◽  
Low Flow ◽  
Infiltration Capacity ◽  
Infiltration Process ◽  
Human Needs ◽  
Runoff Potential ◽  
Water Response ◽  
Piracicaba River

Use of water for several human needs, associated with climate change, indicates the need understand the response of watersheds, in order to provide adequate water resources planning and management. This study was carried out in two pairs of hydrographic watersheds, in the Piracicaba River Basin, southeast of Brazil, analyzing water response, integrating in-situ collected precipitation and flow data, natural environment attributes, and anthropic environmental data. To support the analysis, Surface Runoff Potential Charts (SRPC). The evaluation of the physical characteristics of the sub watersheds (SW(A) and SW(B)) shows that these areas present very low to low potential, indicating greater infiltration capacity. The use and coverage of the soil partially justifies the flow changes in pair 1, since SW(A) has a larger extent of agricultural areas that can use irrigation. SW(B), even with a greater variety of crops, has a smaller cultivated area and tends to demand less water. At pair 2, the low runoff potential is mainly due to the predominance of flat relief in the sub-basins. The soils that compose them present a higher fraction of silt and clay, with thicknesses > 5m in SW(C) and varying from 0.5m, reaching depths above 5m in SW(D), however, the physical properties of these soils do not provide a low flow rate, but associated with the low slope of the land, the geological characteristics and low drainage density are configured in regions where the flow flows more slowly, contributing to the evaporation and infiltration process. The use and coverage of the soil also partially justifies the flow oscillations, due to anthropic activities in SW(C) and SW(D), such as irrigation and spraying of citrus, fertirrigation of sugarcane, irrigation of seedling nurseries, directly interfering with the availability of surface water.

Simultaneous identification of contaminant source location, initial contaminant concentration, horizontal and vertical hydraulic conductivity in a three-dimensional coastal aquifer via ensemble Kalman filter 

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arezou Dodangeh ◽  
Mohammad Mahdi Rajabi ◽  
Marwan Fahs
Keyword(s):  
Kalman Filter ◽  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Coastal Aquifers ◽  
Ensemble Kalman Filter ◽  
Coastal Aquifer ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Source Location ◽  
Contaminant Concentration ◽  
Contaminant Source ◽  
Vertical Hydraulic Conductivity

<p>In coastal aquifers, we face the problem of salt water intrusion, which creates a complex flow field. Many of these coastal aquifers are also exposed to contaminants from various sources. In addition, in many cases there is no information about the characteristics of the aquifer. Simultaneous identification of the contaminant source and coastal aquifer characteristics can be a challenging issue. Much work has been done to identify the contaminant source, but in the complex velocity field of coastal aquifer, no one has resolved this issue yet. We want to address that in a three-dimensional artificial coastal aquifer.</p><p>To achieve this goal, we have developed a method in which the contaminant source can be identified and the characteristics of the aquifer can be estimated by using information obtained from observation wells. First, by assuming the input parameters required to simulate the contaminant transfer to the aquifer, this three-dimensional coastal aquifer that is affected by various phenomena such as seawater intrusion, tides, shore slope, rain, discharge and injection wells, is simulated and the time series of the output parameters including head, salinity and contaminant concentration are estimated. In the next step, with the aim of performing inverse modeling, random values ​​are added to the time series of outputs obtained at specific points (points belonging to observation wells) in order to rebuilt the initial conditions of the problem to achieve the desired unknowns (contaminant source and aquifer characteristics). The unknowns estimated in this study are the contaminant source location (x, y, z), the initial contaminant concentration, the horizontal and vertical hydraulic conductivity of the aquifer. SEAWAT model in GMS software environment has been used to solve the equations of flow and contaminant transfer and simulate a three-dimensional coastal aquifer. Next, for reverse modeling, one of the Bayesian Filters subset (ensemble Kalman filter) has been used in the Python programming language environment. Also, to reduce the code run time, the neural network model is designed and trained for the SEAWAT model.</p><p>This method is able to meet the main purpose of the study, namely estimating the value ​​of unknown input parameters, including the contaminant source location, the initial contaminant concentration, the horizontal and vertical hydraulic conductivity of the aquifer. In addition, that makes it possible to achieve a three-dimensional numerical model of the coastal aquifer that can be used as a benchmark to examine more accurately the impact of different phenomena simultaneously. In conclusion, we have developed an algorithm which can be used in the world's coastal aquifers to identify the contaminant source and estimate its characteristics.</p><p> </p><p>Key words: coastal aquifer, seawater intrusion, contaminants, groundwater, flow field, parameter estimation, ensemble kalman filter</p>

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