scholarly journals Biomass and nutrient cycling in pure and mixed stands of native tree species in southeastern Bahia, Brazil

2007 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 287-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Carlos da Gama-Rodrigues ◽  
Nairam Félix de Barros ◽  
Nicholas Brian Comerford
Keyword(s):  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Natural Forest ◽  
Native Forest ◽  
Nutrient Accumulation ◽  
Above Ground Biomass ◽  
Forest Species ◽  
Mixed Species ◽  
Mixed Stands ◽  
Ground Biomass ◽  
Second Growth

The objective of this paper is to study selected components of the nutrient cycle of pure and mixed stands of native forest species of Atlantic Forest in southeastern Brazil. Tree diameter, height, above-ground biomass, and nutrient content were determined in 22-year-old stands. Litterfall, litter decomposition, and nutrient concentration were evaluated from August 1994 to July 1995. The following species were studied: Peltogyne angustiflora, Centrolobium robustum, Arapatiella psilophylla, Sclerolobium chrysophyllum, Cordia trichotoma, Macrolobium latifolium. The litter of a natural forest and a 40-year-old naturally regenerated second-growth forest was sampled as well. The mixed-species outmatched pure stands in height, stem volume and total biomass (29.4 % more). The greatest amount of forest litter was observed in the natural forest (9.3 Mg ha-1), followed by the mixed-species stand (7.6 Mg ha-1) and secondary forest (7.3 Mg ha-1), and least litterfall was measured in the pure C. robustum stand (5.5 Mg ha-1). Litterfall seasonality varied among species in pure stands (CV from 44.7 to 91.4 %), unlike litterfall in the mixed-tree stand, where the variation was lower (CV 31.2 %). In the natural and second-growth forest, litterfall varied by 57.8 and 34.0 %, respectively. The annual rate of nutrient return via litterfall varied widely among forest ecosystems. Differences were detected between forest ecosystems in both the litter accumulation and quantity of litterlayer nutrients. The highest mean nutrient accumulation in above-ground biomass was observed in mixed-species stands. The total nutrient accumulation (N + P + K+ Ca + Mg) ranged from 0.97 to 1.93 kg tree-1 in pure stands, and from 1.21 to 2.63 kg tree-1 in mixed-species stands. Soil fertility under mixed-species stands (0-10 cm) was intermediate between the primary forest and pure-stand systems. The litterfall rate of native forest species in a mixed-species system is more constant, resulting in a more continuous decomposition rate. Consequently, both nutrient availability and quantity of organic matter in the soil are higher and the production system ecologically more sustainable.

scholarly journals ESTOQUES DE BIOMASSA E NUTRIENTES EM TRÊS ESPÉCIES DE Parkia EM PLANTIOS JOVENS SOBRE ÁREA DEGRADADA NA AMAZÔNIA CENTRAL

FLORESTA ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 637
Author(s):  
Karen C.P. da Costa ◽  
João B.S. Ferraz ◽  
Rodrigo P. Bastos ◽  
Tatiane Da S. Reis ◽  
Marciel J. Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Native Forest ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Nutrient Accumulation ◽  
Forest Species ◽  
Coarse Roots ◽  
Stem Wood ◽  
Degraded Area ◽  
Below Ground ◽  
O 10 ◽  
Harvest Method

As estratégias de distribuição de biomassa e nutrientes utilizadas pelas espécies florestais podem refletir sua capacidade de sobrevivência em plantios sobre áreas degradadas. O objetivo deste estudo foi quantificar os estoques de biomassa e nutrientes nos compartimentos arbóreos de Parkia multijuga, Parkia nitida e Parkia pendula em plantios sobre área degradada em Manaus, AM. A biomassa foi determinada pelo método destrutivo em seis árvores de cada espécie, que foram compartimentadas em: folhas, galhos finos (Ø <10 cm), galhos grossos (Ø ≥10 cm), fuste, raízes médias (2 mm ≤ Ø <5 cm) e raízes grossas (Ø ≥5 cm). Aos quatro anos, Parkia multijuga exibiu 60% do total de biomassa nos compartimentos aéreos e 40% nos subterrâneos. Parkia nitida exibiu 84% nos compartimentos aéreos e apenas 16% nos subterrâneos. Parkia pendula exibiu 67% nos compartimentos aéreos e 33% nos subterrâneos. A ordem de acúmulo de macronutrientes nos compartimentos foi: N > Ca > K > Mg > P. O fato de Parkia multijuga adotar estratégias de alocação de biomassa e nutrientes que favorecerão seu desempenho sobre sítios com baixa disponibilidade de recursos sustenta sua indicação para a composição de programas de reflorestamento em áreas degradadas na Amazônia.Palavras-chave: Espécies florestais nativas; nutrição florestal; reflorestamento; restauração. AbstractBiomass and nutrients in three species of Parkia plantings on degraded area in Central Amazon. Biomass and nutrients partitioning strategies in tree species may reflect their ability to survive in plantations on degraded areas. The objective of this study was to investigate the content of biomass and nutrients in tree components of Parkia multijuga, Parkia nitida and Parkia pendula on plantings in degraded area in Manaus, AM. The biomass was determined by the harvest method in six trees of each species, which were subdivided into leaves, fine branches (Ø < 10 cm), coarse branches (Ø ≥10 cm), stem wood, medium roots (≤ 2 mm Ø < 5 cm ) and coarse roots (Ø ≥ 5 cm). At 4 years, Parkia multijuga allocated 60% of the total biomass to above-ground components and 40% to below-ground. Parkia nitida allocated 84% to above-ground and 16% to below-ground. Parkia pendula allocated 67% to above-ground components and 33% to below-ground. The order of the nutrient accumulation in tree compartments was: N > Ca > K > Mg > P. Parkia multijuga, by adopting better strategies of distribution of biomass and nutrients, it is a recommended species for reforestation programs on degraded sites in the Amazon.Keywords: Native forest species; forest nutrition; reforestation; restoration.

scholarly journals Soil Properties and Biomass Attributes in a Former Gravel Mine Area after Two Decades of Forest Restoration

Land ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 209
Author(s):  
Frederick Gyasi Damptey ◽  
Klaus Birkhofer ◽  
Paul Kofi Nsiah ◽  
Enrique G. de la Riva
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Surface Mining ◽  
Natural Forest ◽  
Reference Systems ◽  
Above Ground Biomass ◽  
Mine Area ◽  
Ground Biomass ◽  
Below Ground

The ongoing global deforestation resulting from anthropogenic activities such as unsustainable agriculture and surface mining threatens biodiversity and decreases both soil carbon and above-ground biomass stocks. In this study, we assessed soil properties and below- and above-ground biomass attributes in a restored former gravel mine area in Ghana two decades after active restoration with potted plants and fresh topsoil. We compared conditions to four alternative land-use types (unrestored abandoned gravel mine, arable land, semi-natural forest, and natural forest) representing pre- and post-disturbance as well as natural reference states. We hypothesized that soil properties and related levels of below- and above-ground biomass in the restored area share similarities with the natural reference systems and thereby are indicative of a trajectory towards successful restoration. Eight replicated subareas in each land-use type were assessed for a set of soil parameters as well as below- and above-ground biomass attributes. The soil properties characteristic for the restored area differed significantly from pre-restoration stages, such as the abandoned gravel site, but did not differ significantly from properties in the natural forest (except for bulk density and base saturation). Above-ground biomass was lower in the restored area in comparison to the reference natural forests, while differences were not significant for below-ground biomass. Silt and effective cation exchange capacity were closely related to above-ground biomass, while below-ground biomass was related to soil organic carbon, bulk density, and potassium concentration in soils. Our results suggest that major steps towards successful restoration can be accomplished within a relatively short period, without the wholesale application of topsoil. Improving soil conditions is a vital tool for the successful development of extensive vegetation cover after surface mining, which also affects carbon sequestration by both above- and below-ground biomass. We emphasize that the use of reference systems provides critical information for the monitoring of ecosystem development towards an expected future state of the restored area.

Improved models for estimating temporal changes in carbon sequestration in above-ground biomass of mixed-species environmental plantings

2015 ◽  
Vol 338 ◽  
pp. 208-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keryn I. Paul ◽  
Stephen H. Roxburgh ◽  
Jacqueline R. England ◽  
Robert de Ligt ◽  
John S. Larmour ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Sequestration ◽  
Temporal Changes ◽  
Above Ground Biomass ◽  
Mixed Species ◽  
Ground Biomass

LiDAR remote sensing of forest structure

2003 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Lim ◽  
Paul Treitz ◽  
Michael Wulder ◽  
Benoît St-Onge ◽  
Martin Flood
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Forest Structure ◽  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Canopy Height ◽  
Forest Monitoring ◽  
Light Detection And Ranging ◽  
Lidar Data ◽  
Above Ground Biomass ◽  
Ground Biomass ◽  
Canopy Volume

Light detection and ranging (LiDAR) technology provides horizontal and vertical information at high spatial resolutions and vertical accuracies. Forest attributes such as canopy height can be directly retrieved from LiDAR data. Direct retrieval of canopy height provides opportunities to model above-ground biomass and canopy volume. Access to the vertical nature of forest ecosystems also offers new opportunities for enhanced forest monitoring, management and planning.

Assessment of Above- and Below-Ground Carbon Pools in a Tropical Dry Deciduous Forest Ecosystem of Bhopal, India

2021 ◽  
pp. 2050021
Author(s):  
Subhajit KARMAKAR ◽  
Bhabani Sankar PRADHAN ◽  
Ankit BHARDWAJ ◽  
B. K. PAVAN ◽  
Rishabh CHATURVEDI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Natural Forest ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Above Ground Biomass ◽  
Standing Biomass ◽  
Ground Biomass ◽  
Exotic Tree ◽  
Dry Deciduous Forest ◽  
Below Ground

This study estimated 18.35 Mg C/ha in standing biomass of natural forest and 15 Mg C/ha in Hardwickia binata Roxb. plantation in a tropical dry deciduous forest located in the capital city of Madhya Pradesh. The study area of Indian Institute of Forest Management (IIFM), Bhopal, resembled a degraded dry scrubland in 1988 and for over about three decades, the degraded forest recovered remarkably, and ecological processes evolved favorably with canopy cover reaching over 60% in some patches and about 50% in general at most part of the campus. The study was conducted in 18 randomly laid plots in natural forest and over one-acre (0.405-ha) plantation area of Hardwickia binata for assessing the above-ground biomass, below-ground biomass and subsequent carbon content. The lower-diameter classes accounted for the maximum above-ground biomass, basal area and tree density. The forest is predominantly occupied by Leucaena leucocephala, an exotic tree species which showed higher standing biomass carbon storage of 3.79 Mg C/ha followed by Holoptelea integrifolia (2.11 Mg C/ha), Azadirachta indica (1.29 Mg C/ha), Gardenia latifolia (1.26 Mg C/ha) and Lannea coromandelica (1.24 Mg C/ha) besides Hardwickia binata plantation (15 Mg C/ha). It is recommended to plant and promote local native tree species in the urban forests of tropical dry deciduous nature as a means to mitigate climate change effects.

Effects of rubber cultivation on biodiversity in the Mekong Region.

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (044) ◽  
Author(s):  
He Pia He Pia
Keyword(s):  
Species Conservation ◽  
Natural Forest ◽  
Wild Plants ◽  
Agricultural System ◽  
Suitable Habitat ◽  
Native Forest ◽  
Natural Forests ◽  
Forest Species ◽  
Rubber Plantations ◽  
Mekong Region

Abstract In the Mekong Region, the expansion of rubber plantations is a major threat to the remaining natural forests and has led to a considerable degradation of biodiversity. The shift from traditional agriculture to rubber cultivation additionally reduced landscape and agricultural system diversity and with this, the availability of potentially useful habitat types for species originating from natural forest. In most cases, monoculture rubber plantations showed to harbour less than half of the species richness in various plant and animal groups compared with natural forest, and often it was found or being assumed that many of these species are unable to exist permanently in rubber plantations. There is clear evidence that the existence natural forest area is essential for the conservation of large portions of native forest species in rubber-dominated landscapes. Alteration of rubber monoculture land use can only contribute effectively to species conservation if natural forest plots remain. Furthermore, suggested restoration concepts such as the conversion of rubber plantations into forest on marginal sites and land-sharing approaches are currently only vaguely described, and their contribution to the conservation of native forest species remains uncertain. In addition, modalities of stakeholder involvement, economic compensation and ecologically reasonable implementation of such measures are still unexplained. As an ecologically reasonable and economically feasible method to improve species diversity in rubber monoculture plantations, we suggest the promotion of natural undergrowth vegetation to enlarge suitable habitat structures in connection with natural forest. This can be reached through the cease of weeding and herbicide application and potentially through the cultivation of useful wild plants.

Development and testing of allometric equations for estimating above-ground biomass of mixed-species environmental plantings

2013 ◽  
Vol 310 ◽  
pp. 483-494 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keryn I. Paul ◽  
Stephen H. Roxburgh ◽  
Jacqueline R. England ◽  
Peter Ritson ◽  
Trevor Hobbs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Allometric Equations ◽  
Above Ground Biomass ◽  
Mixed Species ◽  
Ground Biomass
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