scholarly journals Sorption of Clomazone in Brazilian Soils with Different Physical and Chemical Attributes1

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 357-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.A.M. PEREIRA ◽  
L.H. BARCELLOS JR. ◽  
V.A. GONÇALVES ◽  
D.V. SILVA ◽  
A.T. FARIA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Chemical Characteristics ◽  
Abstract Knowledge ◽  
Analysis Of Similarity ◽  
Brazilian Soils ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Different Soils

ABSTRACT Knowledge of herbicides sorption by colloids predicts its movement in the soil profile and its effectiveness in controlling weeds and crops poisoning when directly applied to the soil. This knowledge becomes even more important for herbicides which have long persistence in the soil. In this research, clomazone sorption was estimated by the biological method in Brazilian soil samples with different physical and chemical characteristics, cultivated with sugarcane crops. As an indicator of the presence of clomazone in the soil, Sorghum bicolor was used. The data relating to assessments of poisoning and accumulation of dry matter of the plants were subjected to multivariate analysis of similarity among variables. After that, clomazone doses that caused 50% of intoxication in sorghum plants grown (C50) as well as sorption ratio (SR) of the herbicide in different soil types were estimated. There was similarity greater than 80% for data regarding the percentage of intoxication and accumulated dry matter, with the option to use only those related to the first variable. RS and C50 were higher in Organosol and lower in red-yellow Latosol with and without changing the pH. It was concluded that the clomazone dose to be recommended must be differentiated for different soils, since the value of clomazone sorption in the soil is dependent on its attributes, and the organic matter content is of the utmost importance.

scholarly journals Morpho-physical and Chemical Characteristics of Strongly Weathered Soils in Silago, Southern Leyte, Philippines

2014 ◽  
pp. 115-147
Author(s):  
Maria Katrina Piamonte ◽  
Victor Asio ◽  
Suzette Lina
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
Chemical Characteristics ◽  
High Porosity ◽  
Soil Taxonomy ◽  
Physical And Chemical Characteristics ◽  
Weathered Soils ◽  
Physical And Chemical

The study evaluated the morpho-physical and chemical characteristics of strongly weathered soils in Silago, Southern Leyte, one of the biodiversity hotspots in the Philippines. Examination of seven soil profiles revealed that the soils have colors ranging from yellowish brown to yellowish red, have high clay content (37.04 to 62.15%), and moderate to high porosity values (38.49 to 52.83%). They are deep (>3m) and friable when moist but very plastic and very sticky when wet. In terms of soil chemistry, most of the soils have acidic pH values (<6.75), have low to moderate potential CEC (11.31 to 38.13 cmolc/kg), low to high base saturation (0.76 to 69.62%), and extremely low to medium organic matter content (0.07 to 2.59%). The soils contain low to medium N (0.01 to 0.28%), and extremely low available P (< 5 mg/kg). However, most of the soils contain sufficient amounts of exchangeable Mg (0.12 to 9.28 cmolc/kg), and Na (0.05 to 1.70 cmol/kg) except profile 5, but are deficient in Ca (0.07 to 0.27 cmolc/kg) and exchangeable K (0.02 to 0.37 cmolc/kg) since the soils are acidic. Most of the soils are classified as Hapludults (USDA Soil Taxonomy) or Haplic Alisols (WRB) except the one in the toeslope which is a Hapludalf or Haplic Luvisol. The study revealed that the soils have closely related properties probably due to their similar parent material, original forest vegetation and climate. The differences in some soil properties appear to be the effect of topography.

scholarly journals Utilization of Brachiarias in the Improvement of Physical and Chemical Attributes of a Yellow Oxisol

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Cássio Ricardo Gonçalves da Costa ◽  
Stella Silva Prazeres ◽  
Patricia Venâncio da Silva ◽  
Kilmer Oliveira Soares ◽  
Ailson de Lima Marques ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Brachiaria Brizantha ◽  
Mineral Fertilization ◽  
Chemical Attributes ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

The study evaluated the effect of the cultivation of five species of grasses of the genus Brachiaria (B. decumbens, B. ruziziensis, B. brizantha, B. humidicola and B. brizantha CV MG-5) in physical and chemical properties and in the formation and stabilization of aggregates of a Yellow Oxisol. The test with the grasses in the absence and presence of fertilization was conducted in the Chã de Jardim area, belonging to the Centro de Ciências Agrárias-UFPB, located in the county Areia-PB. The experimental design was in randomized blocks, with subdivided parcels, in factorial scheme 5 × 2 × 4, with four repetitions, being: five species of Grass (Braquiarias), two conditions of mineral fertilization with NPK (absence or presence) and four depths of soil samples collection (0-5, 5-10, 10-20, 20-30 cm), totaling 40 subplots of 5.0 × 5.0 m, with 3 repetitions, totaling 120 sampling points. The grasses favored the formation of aggregates and contributed to their stability. Brachiaria brizantha is the most suitable grass to raise the organic matter content of an Oxisol without mineral fertilization.

scholarly journals ANÁLISE BROMATOLÓGICA DO MINIMILHO EM DIFERENTES ÉPOCAS DE SEMEADURA E IDADES DE CORTE DAS PLANTAS REMANESCENTES

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 82
Author(s):  
RENATA SANTOS PEREIRA ◽  
ABNER JOSÉ DE CARVALHO ◽  
IRAN DIAS BORGES ◽  
WAGNER FERREIRA DA MOTA ◽  
VICENTE RIBEIRO ROCHA JÚNIOR ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Chemical Characteristics ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
E 32

RESUMO - O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a composição bromatológica da forragem produzida a partir da parte aérea de plantas remanescentes da colheita de minimilho, em diferentes épocas de semeadura e idades de corte das plantas. O experimento foi realizado na fazenda experimental da UNIMONTES, localizada no município de Janaúba – MG. Os tratamentos foram dispostos em esquema fatorial 3 x 5, envolvendo três épocas de semeadura (agosto, dezembro e abril) e cinco idades de corte das plantas remanescentes (0, 8, 16, 24 e 32 dia após a colheita das espigas). O delineamento experimental utilizado foi de blocos ao acaso com quatro repetições. As parcelas foram formadas por quatro fileiras de milho, espaçadas de 0,9 m entre si, com 5,0 m de comprimento. As avaliações foram realizadas utilizando-se as duas fileiras centrais, desprezando-se 0,5 m de cada extremidade. A colheita das miniespigas foi realizada manualmente 2 dias após a emissão dos estilo-estígmas nas três épocas de plantio. As características avaliadas na forragem produzida a partir da parte aérea das plantas remanescentes foram o teor de proteína bruta, extrato etéreo, cinzas, matéria seca, matéria orgânica, fibra em detergente ácido, fibra em detergente neutro, lignina, hemicelulose, celulose e carboidratos não fibrosos. Os resultados obtidos permitiram concluir que há um incremento, para lavouras semeadas em agosto e em abril, nos valores de matéria seca, matéria orgânica e FDN e uma redução nos valores de cinzas e FDA das plantas remanescentes com o passar do tempo.Palavras chave: forragem, milhos especiais, Zea mays.CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF BABY CORN IN DIFFERENT TIMES OF SOWING AND HARVESTING AGES OF REMAINING PLANTSABSTRACT - The aim of this study was to evaluate the chemical composition of baby corn crops at different times of sowing and harvesting ages of remaining plants in the northern region of Minas Gerais. The experiment was conducted at the experimental farm of UNIMONTES, located in Janaúba-MG. The treatments were arranged in a 3 x 5 factorial, involving three sowing dates (August/2009, December/2009 and April/2010) and cutting ages of the remaining plants (0, 8, 16, 24 and 32 days after ear harvesting). The experimental design was a randomized blocks with four replications. The plots were four 5 m long rows formed by maize spaced 0.9 m apart, using the two central rows to be examined. The chemical characteristics evaluated were: dry matter, organic matter content, ash, ether extract, crude protein, NDF, ADF, lignin, cellulose, hemicelluloses and NFC. The results showed that there is an increase for crops sown in August and April, in the amounts of dry matter, organic matter and NDF and a reduction in the amounts of ash and FDA re-maining plants over time.Keywords: remaining plants, special maize, Zea mays.

scholarly journals Influence of Soil Properties and Initial Concentration on the Fractionation of Nickel, Zinc, Copper and Lead in Soils Derived from Different Parent Materials

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 301
Author(s):  
Claudia Campillo-Cora ◽  
Laura Rodríguez-González ◽  
Manuel Arias-Estévez ◽  
David Fernández-Calviño ◽  
Diego Soto-Gómez
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Soil Characteristics ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Initial Concentration ◽  
Parent Materials ◽  
Nickel Zinc ◽  
Different Soils

Different fractions of Ni, Zn, Cu and Pb were determined in metal-spiked forest soils derived from four parent materials using three extractants (H2O, CaCl2 and diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA)). It is important to determine how parent materials and soil properties affect the retention of these metals in order to predict their behavior and act accordingly in the event of accidental spillage, for example. The extraction of fractions was not sequential (before carrying out the extractions, the soil samples were divided into three parts), so the CaCl2 fraction also included the H2O one, and the DTPA fraction contained the other two. With the results, we developed models to predict the extraction of each fraction employing the physicochemical characteristics of the soil (e.g., pH, organic matter content and texture values) and the amount of metal added. The objective of this work was to determine how the properties of the soil would influence the fractioning of the metals considered, and through these characteristics create models to predict the behavior of each metal fraction. We found correlations between the different fractions of Ni and Zn, suggesting that there are soil properties that condition the retention of both metals. Pb and Cu showed different behavior than Zn or Ni, since the proportions extracted by H2O and CaCl2 were much lower. Regarding the DTPA fraction, unlike the case of Ni or Zn, the extraction of Cu and Pb was more homogeneous; they did not show great variation in different soils, even when considering the results of extraction in limestone soils. This may be due to the fact that the soil properties do not exert an important effect on their availability, or these two metals are considerably sensitive to the effect of pH, and no differences were observed because the extraction of the DTPA fraction was conducted with a buffered solution. For each fraction of metal used, we obtained a model with R2 always greater than 0.65. Considering these results, we can conclude that it is possible to predict Zn, Ni, Cu and Pb availability in soils developed on different parent materials. This can be achieved by identifying some basic soil characteristics and applying the developed equations.

Physico-Chemical Properties of Soil Collected from Chandrabhaga River in Kalmeshwar, Nagpur, Maharashtra

2020 ◽  
Vol 07 (02) ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Amita M Watkar ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Quality ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Soil Attributes ◽  
Essential Components ◽  
Agricultural Land Management ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Soil, itself means Soul of Infinite Life. Soil is the naturally occurring unconsolidated or loose covering on the earth’s surface. Physical properties depend upon the amount, size, shape, arrangement, and mineral composition of soil particles. It also depends on the organic matter content and pore spaces. Chemical properties depend on the Inorganic and organic matter present in the soil. Soils are the essential components of the environment and foundation resources for nearly all types of land use, besides being the most important component of sustainable agriculture. Therefore, assessment of soil quality and its direction of change with time is an ideal and primary indicator of sustainable agricultural land management. Soil quality indicators refer to measurable soil attributes that influence the capacity of a soil to function, within the limits imposed by the ecosystem, to preserve biological productivity and environmental quality and promote plant, animal and human health. The present study is to assess these soil attributes such as physical and chemical properties season-wise.

scholarly journals Kajian Mutu dan Palatibilitas Silase dan Hay Ransum Komplit Berbasis Sampah Organik Primer pada Kambing Peranakan Etawah

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yusmadi Yusmadi ◽  
Nahrowi Nahrowi ◽  
Muhammad Ridla
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Microbial Characteristics ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Measuring Ph

The quality and palatibility of silage and hay complete ration based on organic primer garbage in peranakan etawah (PE) poadABSTRACT. This research was conducted to study the quality and palatability of silage and hay complete ration based on organic primer garbage in nine heads of Peranakan Etawah (PE) Goat. The quality of silage and hay was evaluated By measuring pH, total number of lactic acid Bacteria (LAB), palatability, dry matter (DM) and organic matter (OM) aroma and color of silage. Nine heads of peranakan etawah were grouped based on their lactation periode and randomly assigned to one of tree dietary treatments. The treatments were (1) Control rations; (2) silage complete ration (SRK); and (3) Hay complete ration (HRK). The results indicated that the silage had PH 4.15 and total number of LAB was 2.4 x 10 cfu/g of silage. Dry matter and organic matter digestibility of SRK were better than those of HRK. The palatability of SRK was higher than HRK but less than control. Storage of SRK for did not change dry matter and organic matter content. Organoleptic analysis indicated that texture and color of HRK were changed at after storage, while SRK was still constant. It is concluded that silage composed of organic primer garbage has high quality in terms of physical, chemical and microbial characteristics, prolong storage.

scholarly journals Spatial variability of soil phosphorus of a low productivity Brachiaria brizantha pasture

2003 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 559-564 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edemar Joaquim Corazza ◽  
Michel Brossard ◽  
Takashi MuraokaI ◽  
Maurício Antonio Coelho Filho
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Variability ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Brachiaria Brizantha ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Forage Plants ◽  
P Application

Studies on soil phosphorus (P) of low productivity cultivated pastures in Cerrado (Brazilian Savanna) areas and surveys on other possible problems related to P are scarce. The spatial variability of soil phosphorus content of a Rhodic Ferralsol was studied in a low productivity pasture of Brachiaria brizantha (BB) grown for 10 years, without fertilizer application, in an experimental area at Planaltina (GO), Brazil. Soil samplings were performed on a regular grid of 10 by 10 meters, with 98 sampling points before (between tussocks and under tussocks) and after the establishment of the experiment (after fertilizing). On the same grid, forage plants were collected and separated into fractions for N and P content analyses. Soil available phosphate was determined by the resin method (Pr) and complemented by the 32P isotopic exchange kinetics analysis. Descriptive statistical and geostatistical analyses were utilized to describe the spatial variability. The Pr content on soil samples under tussocks presented mean and median values 45% larger than in soil samples taken between tussocks. The higher variation is probably related to the greater concentration of BB roots, soil organic matter content and soil P recycled through the plants tussocks. The spatial variability of Pr in this soil was high especially after fertilizer application. This variable did not present spatial dependence for the regular 10 m sampling. The generated knowledge on P variability of soils under low productivity cultivated pastures revealed problems related to the sampling methodology traditionally utilized and to P application.

scholarly journals Microbiological quality of silage made from by-products of cassava starch extraction and viticulture

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 407-415
Author(s):  
C.R. Schneider ◽  
M.A. Zambom ◽  
D. Galhardo ◽  
A. Faccenda ◽  
A.S. Avila ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Storage Times ◽  
By Products

This study evaluated silages made with varying proportions of viticulture by-products (VC) and starch extraction from cassava (CSE). It attempted to determine the effects of these proportions on the microbial population, fermentative losses, and chemical composition. The treatments were specified as the proportions of VC in the silage (0 g/kg, 250 g/kg, 500 g/kg, 750 g/kg, and 1000 g/kg). Silages were  evaluated before (0) and after 1, 3, 7, 15, 30, and 60 days of ensiling. The experimental design was completely randomized with five  treatments, six storage times and four replications. The increased level of VC in the silage enhanced its dry matter content, ammonia  nitrogen (NH3-N), and buffering capacity, and reduced organic matter content. Fifteen days after ensiling, additional VC increased the concentration of soluble carbohydrates. The increased level of VC decreased the count of Clostridium spp. and lactic acid bacteria (LAB). The incidence of yeasts and enterobacteria was low in all treatments at all time points. Over time, losses as effluent and gases increased. Use of increasing proportions from VC in silage made with CSE increased the contents of dry matter and soluble carbohydrates and  reduced the fermentative losses of the silage. The increased amount of VC also favoured pH reduction and reduced the proliferation of undesirable yeasts, while increasing the population of LAB.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document