scholarly journals Risk factors for esophageal cancer in a low-incidence area of Brazil

2013 ◽  
Vol 131 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Orlando Milhomem Mota ◽  
Maria Paula Curado ◽  
José Carlos Oliveira ◽  
Edesio Martins ◽  
Daniela Medeiros Milhomem Cardoso
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Esophageal Cancer ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Oral Sex ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Low Incidence ◽  
Control Study

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVESEsophageal cancer is the eighth commonest type of cancer worldwide, occupying sixth place in terms of mortality. Smoking and alcohol use are known risk factors for this type of cancer. The aim here was to evaluate the risk factors for esophageal cancer in a low-incidence area.DESIGN AND SETTINGCase-control study in Goiânia, with 99 cases of esophageal cancer and 223 controls.METHODSThe variables were sociodemographic, dietary, occupational and lifestyle data. The sample was analyzed using the chi-square test, Mann-Whitney test and Mantel-Haenszel approach for multivariate analysis. Odds ratios (OR) were calculated with 5% significance and 95% confidence intervals.RESULTSThe risk of esophageal cancer was higher in patients ≥ 55 years (OR = 1.95; P < 0.001). Patients from rural areas were at greater risk of esophageal cancer (OR = 4.9; P < 0.001). Smoking was a risk factor among the cases (OR = 3.8; P < 0.001), as was exposure to woodstoves (OR = 4.42; P < 0.001). The practice of oral sex was not a risk factor (OR = 0.45; P = 0.04). Consumption of apples, pears, vegetables, cruciferous vegetables and fruit juices were protective against esophageal cancer.CONCLUSIONIn a region in which the incidence of esophageal cancer is low, the most significant risk factors were exposure to woodstoves, smoking and living in rural areas.

scholarly journals Association between infection with Campylobacter species, poor oral health and environmental risk factors on esophageal cancer: a hospital-based case–control study in Thailand

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arisara Poosari ◽  
Thitima Nutravong ◽  
Prakasit Sa-ngiamwibool ◽  
Wises Namwat ◽  
Supaporn Chatrchaiwiwatana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Esophageal Cancer ◽  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Poor Oral Hygiene ◽  
History Of ◽  
Control Study ◽  
History Of Cancer

Abstract Background Previous studies have shown the association between Campylobacter species infection and that environmental factors, poor oral hygiene in particular, are linked to an increased risk of esophageal cancer (EC). However, no study has reported on these factors in Thailand. Thus, this study’s objective was to evaluate the impact of the relationship between Campylobacter infection and environmental factors on EC incidence in the population of Thailand. Methods Data from a case–control study were collected from 105 newly diagnosed EC cases and 105 controls recruited from 2007 to 2017. Infection with Campylobacter spp. was detected in the formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue of EC taken from gastroesophageal biopsy specimens obtained from the participants, and evaluated using TaqMan® real-time PCR. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to calculate the odds ratios (ORs) and perform data analysis. Results Smoking, alcohol use, a family history of cancer, history of gastroesophageal reflux disease, poor oral hygiene and Campylobacter spp. infection were shown to be significant risk factors for EC (p  <  0.05). The combination of poor oral hygiene and infection with Campylobacter spp. constituted significant risk for EC (p  <  0.001). In addition, the risk of EC in subjects co-infected with C. rectus and C. concisus that practiced poor oral hygiene was even higher and was significant (ORadj  =  4.7; 95% CI 2.41–9.98; p  =  0.003). Conclusions In Thailand, the major risk factors for EC are smoking status, alcohol drinking, family history of cancer, GERD, poor oral hygiene and Campylobacter spp. infection. This study found Campylobacter spp. prevalence to be associated with EC and appears to be enhanced by poor oral hygiene, suggesting that a combination of poor oral hygiene and Campylobacter species infection may together act as an important etiological risk factor for EC.

scholarly journals FAKTOR RISIKO KESEGARAN JASMANI SISWI SMA MUHAMMADIYAH 1 PONOROGO Risk Factors of Physical Fitness among Female Student in Muhammadiyah 1 Ponorogo High School

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 73
Author(s):  
Ikanov Safitri ◽  
R. Bambang Wirjatmadi
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
High School ◽  
Haemoglobin Level ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Control Study

Physical fi tness is the ability of each individual to carry out various daily activities without feeling fatigue. Physical fi tness is useful as a supporting capacity for the physical activity of children therefore it is expected to improve their health and achievement. Factors that infl uence physical fi tness include genetics, age, gender, physical activity, nutritional status, food intake, haemoglobin level, resting time and smoking habits. The purpose of this study was to analyze the risk factors of physical fi tness among female students in Muhammadiyah 1 Ponorogo High School. This case control study included 50 female students and divided into 25 cases and 25 controls. Chi-Square test was used to analyze the relationships between variables. The results showed that there was an association between protein adequacy (p=0.023) OR = 11.3 and haemoglobin levels (p=0.049) OR = 9.3 with physical fi tness. While the adequacy of iron (p=0.345) did not associated with physical fi tness. Student with low protein adequacy and haemoglobin level have respectively 11.3 and 9.3 times higher risk of having low physical fi tness than student with good protein adequacy and haemoglobin level.

scholarly journals Risk factors for mortality in children with Wilms tumor

2016 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 226
Author(s):  
Yuni Purwanti ◽  
Sutaryo Sutaryo ◽  
Sri Mulatsih ◽  
Pungky Ardani Kusuma
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Wilms Tumor ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Significant Risk Factor ◽  
Stage Iii ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Potential Risk Factors

Background Wilms tumor is the most common renal malignancy in children (95%) and one of the leading causes of death in children, with high mortality rates in developing countries. Identifying risk factors for mortality is important in order to provide early intervention to improve cure rates.Objective To identify risk factors for mortality in children with Wilms tumor.Methods We performed a case-control study of children (0-18 years of age) with Wilms tumor admitted to Dr. Sardjito Hospital between 2005 and 2012. The case group consisted of children who died of Wilms tumor, whereas the control group were children who survived. Data were collected from medical records. Statistical analyses using Chi-square and logistic regression tests were done to determine odds ratios and 95% CI of the potential risk factors for mortality from Wilms tumor.Results Thirty-five children with Wilms tumor were admitted to Dr. Sardjito Hospital during the study period. Nine (26%) children died and 26 survived. Stage ≥III was a significant risk factor for mortality in chidren with Wilms tumor (OR 62.8; 95%CI 5.6 to 70.5). Age ≥2 years (OR 1.4; 95%CI 0.1 to 14.3) and male sex (OR 1.2; 95%CI 0.1 to 10.8) were not significant risk factors for mortality.Conclusion Stage ≥III is a risk factor for mortality in children with Wilms tumor. 

scholarly journals FAKTOR RISIKO KEPADATAN LALAT DAN SANITASI RUMAH DENGAN KEJADIAN DIARE DI KELURAHAN TANJUNG PINANG KOTA JAMBI TAHUN 2017

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 208
Author(s):  
Listautin Listautin
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Health Department ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Chi Square Test

Diarrhea is one of health problem in the world including Indonesia. The Morbidity survey undertaken by Sub-Directorate of diarrhea, Health Department from 2007 to 2010is improved. According to the data gained from Puskesmas in Tanjung Pinang Jambi in 2017, it is found out that 5 different districs in Tanjung Pinang are the district which has the highest rate of diarrhea sufferers. The aim of this study is to find out the risk factors of the flies density and the dwelling sanitation to the occurance of diarrhea in Tanjung Pinang Jambi in 2017. This study is quantitative study by using case control design. The sample of this study is 68 people who consists of 34 samples of case group and 34 samples of control group. This study is analyzed through univariate and bivariate analysis by using chi-square test. The instruments of this study are the reviewed document, ceklist, and the measurement through fly grill. The result of analysis are found out that toilet is the main risk factor for the occurance of diarrhea with odds ratio (OR) value is 3,519. Sewerage (SPAL) is one the risk factor of the diarrhea occurance with odds ratio (OR) value is 3,361. The waste is the other risk factors for the occurance of diarrhea with odds ratio (OR) value is 4,418. The flies density is the protective factor for the diarrhea occurance with odds ratio (OR) value is 0,773.Based on the result of this study, it can be concluded that it is necesarry to do the coorporation across program to optimize the noticing of information to public concerning on the importance of good dwelling sanitation and the low flies density in order to avoid from the occurance of diarrhea.Keyword : Diarrhea, Dwelling Sanitation, Flies Density

scholarly journals Risk Factor Related to Mortality of Diabetic Ketoacidosis Patients in Dr. Soetomo General Hospital Surabaya

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 36
Author(s):  
Alviano Satria Wibawa ◽  
Hermina Novida ◽  
Muhammad Faizi ◽  
Deasy Ardiany
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Diabetic Ketoacidosis ◽  
General Hospital ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
High Blood Glucose ◽  
Electrolyte Disturbances ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
History Of

Introduction: Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a complication of diabetes mellitus which has a high risk of mortality. Mortality in DKA patients in developed countries is less than 5%, some other sources mention 5-10%, 2-10%, or 9-10%. Mortality events at clinics with simple facilities and elderly patients can reach 25-50%. The mortality rate of DKA patients is generally higher in infection conditions, especially in developing countries and in septic patients. Several factors such as age, sex, and high blood glucose can increase mortality risk of DKA patients. Other risk factors such as history of discontinued insulin therapy, impaired bicarbonate levels, pH, and increased leukocytes of DKA patients due to infection, abnormal albumin levels, electrolyte disturbances, and Serum Creatinine (SK) were thought to affect mortality of DKA patients. The purpose of this study was to determine the risk factors associated with mortality of DKA patients in Dr. Soetomo General Hospital Surabaya. Methods: The method used in this study was observational analytic involving 63 adult patients diagnosed with DKA with analysis using Chi-Square test. Results: From 63 patients included in this study, 37 patients diagnosed with DKA died and 26 patients lived. In a multivariate analysis, DKA severity with p = 0.001 (p < 0.005) was identified as having a relationship with mortality of DKA patients Dr. Soetomo General Hospital Surabaya. Conclusion: Severity is the only risk factor associated with mortality of DKA patients in Dr. Soetomo General Hospital Surabaya.

scholarly journals Anticorpos anti-toxoplasma gondii em gatos domiciliados no Município de Rio Branco, Acre, Brasil

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 3757 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soraia Figueiredo de Souza ◽  
Luciana Dos Santos Medeiros ◽  
Adriane De Souza Belfort ◽  
Andrey Luiz Lopes Cordeiro ◽  
Michelle Federle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Domestic Cats ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
One Year ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii Infection

Blood samples were collected from 89 cats to assess the prevalence of IgG antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii by indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) and the possible risk factors associated with feline Toxoplasma gondii infection. An epidemiological questionnaire was developed and implemented for owners of domestic cats domiciled in Rio Branco, Acre. The results were statistically evaluated with the odds ratio and chi-square tests, considering the significance level of 5%. Of 89 animals’ samples, 22 had antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii. Among the 22 reactive animals, 15 (68.19%) were female, 15 (68.19%) were less than one year old and 20 (90%) were cross breed. Concerning risk factors, there was no difference (p > 0.05) between the variables evaluated by the chi-square test. Moreover, 16 (72%) cats were fed a mixed diet, 20 (90%) of the cats had hunting habits, 18 (81%) had contact with animals of another species, 11 (50%) had access to the street, and 22 (95%) lived in homes that had areas of grass or dirt. In conclusion, the prevalence of anti-Toxoplasma gondii in domestic cats was 22.7%, and there were no significant risk factors for feline toxoplasmosis in the municipality of Rio Branco, Acre.

scholarly journals A case–control study of risk factors for sporadic campylobacter infections in Denmark

2003 ◽  
Vol 130 (3) ◽  
pp. 353-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. NEIMANN ◽  
J. ENGBERG ◽  
K. MØLBAK ◽  
H. C. WEGENER
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Significant Risk Factor ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Final Model ◽  
Unpasteurized Milk ◽  
Frequent Consumption ◽  
Control Study

A case control study comprising 282 cases and 319 matched controls was conducted in Denmark during 1996–7. Two estimates of the odds ratio (OR) were determined for each risk factor with and without ‘protective factors’ fitted into the final model. Consumption of undercooked poultry (OR 4·5; 8·2), consumption of red meat at a barbecue (OR 2·3; 4·1), consumption of grapes (OR 1·6; 2·8) and drinking unpasteurized milk (OR 2·3; 11·8) were identified as risk factors in both models. Frequent consumption of pork chops (OR 4·4) and daily contact with domestic animals and pets were identified as risk factors in one of the two models only. Finally, foreign travel was found to be a significant risk factor (OR 2·5). Seasonal and regional interaction was observed for several risk factors and the time elapsed from interviewing of cases to interviewing of controls seemed to influence the effect of certain seasonal dependent risk factors.

scholarly journals Factors Associated with Spontaneous Preterm Delivery in a Nigerian Teaching Hospital

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-14
Author(s):  
Omole Ohonsi Abiodun ◽  
Belga Francis
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Preterm Delivery ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
Spontaneous Preterm Delivery ◽  
Chi Square Test

Objective (s): To determine the aetiological factors of preterm deliveries at Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Nigeria..Materials and methods: This case-control study was conducted between 1st June 2006 and 31st May 2007.One hundred and forty eight women with preterm deliveries (cases) were compared with seven hundred and forty women who delivered at term (control). Data analysis was done using Epi- Info software (6.0 CDC Atlanta Georgia, USA). Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis were performed and the results were expressed as odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI). The contribution of the risk factors were estimated using chi square test and a p-value of < 0.05 was taken as significant.Results: The period incidence of preterm deliveries was 69 per 1000 births. Unbooked and low socioeconomic statuses, primigravidity, previous preterm deliveries, multiple pregnancies, pre-eclampsia, and malaria in pregnancy were significant risk factors that were associated with preterm delivery. These associations were still demonstrable after adjusting for confounding variables.Conclusion: Early girl marriage and childbearing and spontaneous pre-labour rupture of membranes not to be independent risk factors in this study. Women with risk factors should be managed in specialist hospitals.Bangladesh J Obstet Gynaecol, 2014; Vol. 29(1) : 9-14

scholarly journals Faktor Risiko yang Berpengaruh terhadap Kejadian HIV/AIDS pada Pengguna Napza Suntik (Studi Epidemiologi Di Kota Pontianak)

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 36
Author(s):  
Sumini Sumini ◽  
Suharyo Hadisaputro ◽  
Anies Anies ◽  
Budi Laksono ◽  
Muchlis AU Sofro
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Sexual Intercourse ◽  
Sexual Behaviors ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Control Study ◽  
Hiv Aids

Background: Injecting drug users (IDUs) are play role of high risk of HIV infection due to sexual behaviors that do not use condoms and use of unsterile needles. The high productive age group affected by HIV/AIDS and death, then the lower life expectancy, availability and productivity of the workforce. The purpose of the study proved that individual and environmental factors are risk factors for the incidence of HIV / AIDS among injecting drug users.Method: This observational analytic study, with the design of the case control study equipped with a qualitative approach of risk factors retrospectively. The target population of the study were IDUs in Pontianak with a sample of 96 people consisting of 48 cases of HIV/AIDS and 48 were IDUs not control HIV/AIDS. The sampling method is non-probability sampling study with consecutive sampling manner. Data analysis included univariate, bivariate using chi- square test and multivariate logistic regression test.Results: Multivariate analysis of four variables associated with the incidence of HIV/AIDSamong IDUs is married status (OR = 5,57), had sexual intercourse more than two people (OR =4,13), frequency of injecting drugs > 6 time / week yet (OR = 3,71), and not / do not work (OR= 3,28)Conclusion: Risk factors were shown to influence: the married status, had sexual intercourse more than ≥ 2 people, frequency of injecting drugs > 6 times / week and not/do not work yet.

scholarly journals Seroprevalensi dan Faktor Risiko Rabies pada Anjing di Daerah Endemis Kabupaten Sukabumi

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 436-443
Author(s):  
Ardilasunu Wicaksono ◽  
Abdul Zahid ◽  
Etih Sudarnika ◽  
Dordia Anindita Rotinsulu ◽  
Denny Widaya Lukman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Antibody Titer ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Significant Risk Factor ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Rabies Control ◽  
Chi Square Test

Sukabumi District is reported to date as an endemic rabies area in West Java Province. In supporting the rabies control programs, the occurrence of rabies needs to be determined to decrease the number of cases. This research aims to determine the seroprevalence of rabies and identify the risk factors associated with rabies in the district. The research was conducted in Jampang Tengah and Cisolok sub-districts with positive rabies cases on dogs and humans. The blood samples were taken from 191 selected dogs using simple random sampling. Rabies antibody titer was measured using ELISA, and the risk factor was identified using selected dogs’ data classified into intrinsic and extrinsic characteristics. Data were analyzed using the chi-square test and the calculation of the odds ratio. The results showed that the seroprevalence of rabies was 7.9% (4.9-10.9%). The average antibody titer was 0.23 EU with a minimum value of 0.03 EU and a maximum of 0.96 EU. Thus, as high as 7.8% of the population showed rabies seropositivity from the unvaccinated dogs, while among the vaccinated dogs, only 8.0% of the population with rabies protective antibody titer. The significant risk factor of rabies seroprevalence is the typology of raising area (p = 0.003), revealing that the dogs raised in the coastal area had the odds of 5.8 (1.6-21.2) higher to get the rabies seropositivity than the dogs raised in the highland area.   Keywords: antibody titre, dogs, rabies, risk factor, seroprevalence

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