scholarly journals Aquatic macrophytes of Itaipu Reservoir, Brazil: survey of species and ecological considerations

1999 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sidinei Magela Thomaz ◽  
Luis Maurício Bini ◽  
Maria Conceição de Souza ◽  
Kazue Kawakita Kita ◽  
Antonio Fernando Monteiro Camargo
Keyword(s):  
Eichhornia Crassipes ◽  
Aquatic Macrophytes ◽  
Submerged Macrophytes ◽  
Pistia Stratiotes ◽  
Light Penetration ◽  
Nutrient Input ◽  
Emergent Macrophytes ◽  
Nuisance Species ◽  
Shallow Area ◽  
Egeria Najas

In a survey of the aquatic macrophytes of the Itaipu Reservoir, we identified 62 taxa in 25 families and 42 genera. The highest number taxa was observed for the emergent macrophytes (40 taxa). Reduced fluctuation in water level, increased light penetration, and sediment enrichment by nutrients and organic matter following the formation of the reservoir favored the appearance of a species-rich community of submerged macrophytes (23% of the taxa identified). The aquatic macrophytes were found mainly near the mouths of the main tributaries of the reservoir, in shallow area of depth less than 2 meters. In addition to the shallow depth, the greater nutrient input from the tributaries and relative protection from wind explained this distribution. Among the species found, Egeria najas merits mention for its occurrence in all localities sampled, with biomass values varying between 98 and 186 gDW/m². Some potential nuisance species such as Eichhornia crassipes, Salvinia auriculata, and Pistia stratiotes also deserve attention, since they were also observed to be covering large areas of Itaipu Reservoir.

scholarly journals Levantamento da infestação de plantas aquáticas em Porto Primavera antes do enchimento final do reservatório

2009 ◽  
Vol 27 (spe) ◽  
pp. 879-886 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Martins ◽  
R.A Pitelli ◽  
M.S Tomazella ◽  
R.H Tanaka ◽  
A.C.P Rodrigues
Keyword(s):  
Eichhornia Crassipes ◽  
Pistia Stratiotes ◽  
Alternanthera Philoxeroides ◽  
Typha Angustifolia ◽  
Pontederia Cordata ◽  
Eichhornia Azurea ◽  
Echinochloa Polystachya ◽  
Polygonum Lapathifolium ◽  
Paspalum Repens ◽  
Egeria Najas

O objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar as plantas aquáticas e os níveis de infestação de cada espécie em Porto Primavera antes do enchimento final do reservatório. Foram avaliados todos os focos de vegetação aquática no reservatório (72 pontos), sendo os pontos demarcados com um aparelho de GPS. As espécies foram identificadas e estimouse visualmente (tamanho da área) a distribuição proporcional das plantas no foco de infestação. Após a identificação, foram encontradas 18 espécies de plantas aquáticas vegetando no reservatório, das quais foram determinadas a frequência de espécie de planta aquática e a distribuição dentro do sistema de geração de energia. As espécies encontradas no reservatório foram: Eichhornia crassipes, Eichhornia azurea, Pistia stratiotes, Paspalum repens, Cyperus brevifolius, Paspalum conspersum, Echinochloa polystachya, Egeria densa, Egeria najas, Polygonum hidropiperoides, Polygonum lapathifolium, Alternanthera philoxeroides, Eleocharis sellowiana, Nymphaea ampla, Pontederia cordata, Salvinia auriculata, Salvinia rotundifolia e Typha angustifolia. As maiores frequências relativas foram observadas em: E. azurea (36,11%), E. crassipes (16,67%), P. stratiotes (13,89%), S. auriculata (13,89%), C. brevifolius (11,11%) e P. lapathifolium (6,94%).

scholarly journals Salinity and pH effects on floating and emergent macrophytes in a constructed wetland

2018 ◽  
Vol 2017 (1) ◽  
pp. 270-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. R. Hadad ◽  
M. M. Mufarrege ◽  
G. A. Di Luca ◽  
M. A. Maine
Keyword(s):  
Constructed Wetland ◽  
Eichhornia Crassipes ◽  
Industrial Effluent ◽  
Industrial Effluents ◽  
Pistia Stratiotes ◽  
Ph Effects ◽  
Emergent Macrophytes ◽  
High Ph ◽  
Salvinia Herzogii ◽  
Floating Macrophytes

Abstract Salvinia herzogii, Pistia stratiotes and Eichhornia crassipes (floating species) were the dominant macrophytes in a constructed wetland (CW) over the first years of operation. Later, the emergent Typha domingensis displaced the floating species, becoming dominant. The industrial effluent treated at this CW showed high pH and salinity. The aim of this work was to study the tolerance of floating species and T. domingensis exposed to different pH and salinity treatments. Treatments at pH 8, 9, 10 and 11 and salinities of 2,000; 3,000; 4,000; 6,000; and 8,000 mg L−1 were performed. Floating macrophytes were unable to tolerate the studied pH and salinity ranges, while T. domingensis tolerated higher pH and salinity values. Many industrial effluents commonly show high pH and salinity. T. domingensis demonstrated to be a suitable macrophyte to treat this type of effluents.

Patterns in Biomass and Cover of Aquatic Macrophytes in Lakes

1986 ◽  
Vol 43 (10) ◽  
pp. 1900-1908 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos M. Duarte ◽  
Jacob Kalff ◽  
Robert H. Peters
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Aquatic Macrophytes ◽  
Submerged Macrophytes ◽  
Lake Area ◽  
Lake Morphometry ◽  
Submerged Plants ◽  
Predominant Role ◽  
Emergent Macrophytes ◽  
Average Slope ◽  
Lake Size

A quantitative analysis of biomass and cover of both submerged and emergent macrophytes in 139 lakes reported in the literature revealed that biomass and cover of emergent macrophytes are, on average, proportional to the lake area, but that the biomass and cover of submerged plants are proportionally reduced with increasing lake size. Underwater light was found to be the best descriptor of the cover and biomass of submerged plants. Conversely, emergent macrophytes are most strongly affected by lake morphometry, and in particular by its average slope. The predictability of the abundance of emergent and submerged macrophytes from these environmental factors stresses the predominant role that they play in macrophyte ecology and confirms the existence of strong patterns in the abundance of aquatic plants worldwide.

scholarly journals Phytoremediation of battery industry effluent through aquatic macrophytes

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 6
Author(s):  
Mahrine Rashid ◽  
Iftilkhar Ahmad ◽  
Ashique Muhammad ◽  
Mahmood Ul Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Eichhornia Crassipes ◽  
Aquatic Macrophytes ◽  
Industrial Effluent ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
Pistia Stratiotes ◽  
Lead Acid Battery ◽  
Pb Contamination ◽  
Wastewater Samples ◽  
Industry Effluent ◽  
Battery Industry

Research was conducted to quantify the level of copper (Cu), chromium (Cr), cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) contamination in battery industry effluent and to assess the remediation potential of three invasive aquatic macrophytes Eichhornia crassipes, Pistia stratiotes and Hydrocotyle umbellata by growing on industrial effluent collected from Lead acid Battery industry.The effluent was heavily contaminated with Pb (10mg/l) and sulphuric acid (pH 2- 2.1). Due to high Pb concentrations and low pH (2-2.2) the plants were unable to survive. Mortality rate of E. crassipes was 96 % while P. stratiotes and H. umbellata were 100% rotten. The experiment was repeated after adjusting the effluent pH to 7-7.5 to increase the plant life.Plant parts and wastewater samples were analyzed after every 3 days interval uptil 21st day. The amount of Cr, Cd and Cu in the effluent was 0.076 mg /L, 0.036 mg /L and 0.097 mg /L, which was in permissible limits of NEQs (1.0 mg/l, 0.1 mg/l and 1.0 mg/l) respectively. Pb was found 10 times higher i.e. 10 mg/l than the permissible limit 0.5 mg/l. E. crassipes removed Pb>Cr>Cu>Cd while P. stratiotes and H. umbellata reduced Cd, Cr, Cu more than Pb from the effluent. E. crassipes was most efficient Pb removing plant in 21 days of experiment.  

Phytoremediation of flashlight manufacturing effluent through aquatic macrophytes

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Narendra Kumar ◽  
Sangeeta Anand ◽  
Sushil Kumar Bharti ◽  
Dhananjay Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Eichhornia Crassipes ◽  
Aquatic Macrophytes ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Translocation Factor ◽  
Water Concentration ◽  
Toxicity Assessment ◽  
Pistia Stratiotes ◽  
Lemna Gibba ◽  
Industry Effluent

Three aquatic macrophytes viz. Eichhornia crassipes, Pistia stratiotes and Lemna gibba were studied for their potential to remove heavy metals from Flashlight manufacturing industry effluent. Plants were exposed to 100%, 75%, 50%, 25% and 0% (distilled water) concentration of effluent for 5 weeks. Results revealed that the macrophytes under study were highly efficient in the removal of Hg, Mn, Zn and Pb. Translocation factor expressed that metals were largely retained in the roots of Pistia stratiotes and Lemna gibba while Eichhornia crassipes concentrated most of the metals in shoots. Analytical results showed that Eichhornia crassipes removed approximately 67.535, 89.30, 80.84 and 69.80% of Hg, Pb, Zn and Mn, respectively, from 100% concentrated effluent which shows its higher metals removal efficiency compared to Pistia stratiotes(65.44%, 87.109%, 70.23%, 63.242%) and Lemna gibba (71.84%, 89.074%, 70.97%, 73.97%,), respectively. These plants were also subjected to toxicity assessment and no symptoms of metal toxicity were found. Therefore, these macrophytes can be applied on the large scale treatment of waste water where volumes generated are very high and concentrations of pollutants are low.

scholarly journals Glyphosate Effectiveness in the Control of Macrophytes Under a Greenhouse Condition

2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Cruz ◽  
A.F. Silva ◽  
L.V. Luna ◽  
A.K.F. Yamauchi ◽  
N. Garlich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eichhornia Crassipes ◽  
Aquatic Macrophytes ◽  
Constant Pressure ◽  
Pistia Stratiotes ◽  
Salvinia Molesta ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Spray Solution ◽  
Macrophyte Species ◽  
Randomized Experimental Design ◽  
Product Effectiveness

The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of glyphosate, as Rodeo(r) formulation, to control Eichhornia crassipes, Pistia stratiotes, Salvinia molesta, Salvinia herzogii and Urochloa subquadripara, under greenhouse conditions. The doses assessed were (480, 960, 1440, 1920, 2400, 2880, 3360 and 3840 g ha-1 of glyphosate) with 0.5% of the Aterbane(r) BR surfactant and a control, with no herbicide application. All experiments were conducted in a completely randomized experimental design with ten replications. Applications were carried out by precision backpack sprayer at a CO2 constant pressure of 25 psi and spray solution consumption of 200 L ha-1. Product effectiveness was determined by assessing the growth inhibitions and phytotoxicity signals during the periods of 3, 7, 15, 21, 30 and 45 days after application (DAA). At 45 DAA, the highest glyphosate dose (3840 g ha-1) displayed 100% effectiveness for all four macrophyte species. Under greenhouse conditions, the glyphosate in formulation Rodeo(r) with 0.5% of Aterbarne(r) BR surfactant showed excellent effectiveness, inhibiting the growth of the floating aquatic macrophytes. This procedure can be included on the tillage plans for these species.

scholarly journals Volatilization of ammonia in systems of treatment of swine manure with aquatic macrophytes

2019 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 423-431
Author(s):  
C. D. Pinaffi ◽  
C. H. Santos
Keyword(s):  
Eichhornia Crassipes ◽  
Aquatic Macrophytes ◽  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Swine Manure ◽  
Control Sample ◽  
Pistia Stratiotes ◽  
Nh3 Volatilization ◽  
Treatment Unit ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
N Removal

Abstract The usage of aquatic plants represents an alternative in the treatment of residues originating from swine. In these systems, one of the N removal methods is the ammonium (NH4 +) uptake and volatilization of ammonia (NH3). In this way, the objective of this work was to evaluate the volatilization rates of NH3 in waste treatment systems swine fluids (SSF) with aquatic macrophytes, as well as the concentration of NH 4+ present in the swine fluids. The experiment was carried out at Campus II/UNOESTE. The treatment systems were composed of 16 boxes of PVC and characterized as: T1 = Control sample 50% of SSF/50% of water; T2 = 50% SSF/50% water + Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms; T3 = 50% SSF/50% water + Pistia stratiotes L.; T4 = 50% SSF/50% water + Salvinia auriculata Aubl. The design was randomized blocks, with 4 treatments and 4 replicates. The hydrogen potential (pH) and the NH4 + content of the effluent were analyzed weekly, and the volatilization of NH 3 by means of collectors installed in each treatment unit. The presence of aquatic macrophytes promoted the reduction of NH4+ concentration and of the pH values of swine fluids, and this resulted in the reduction of NH3 volatilization rates to the environment, with emphasis on the system with Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms, which presented the lowest rate of volatilization.

scholarly journals Seasonal performance of aquatic macrophytes in improving physicochemical parameters of swine wastewater

2020 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 897-906
Author(s):  
C. D. Pinaffi ◽  
A. P. J. Scandelai ◽  
C. H. Santos
Keyword(s):  
Eichhornia Crassipes ◽  
Aquatic Macrophytes ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Pistia Stratiotes ◽  
Swine Wastewater ◽  
Organic Load ◽  
Dissolved Phosphorus ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Total P

Abstract Swine wastewaters (SW) present organic load and nutrient content, what have caused degradation of water quality in many watercourses. Thus, the aquatic macrophytes represent an alternative for the depollution of these wastewaters, due to the high recovery power. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of the Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms, Pistia stratiotes L. and Salvinia auriculata Aubl. in improving the physicochemical targets of SW, as well as to quantify the total ammoniacal nitrogen (NH4+) and total phosphorus (total P) in the plant tissue of the macrophytes and the dry matter biomass (DMB) in two seasons of the year (spring and winter). The experiment was designed in a randomized block design, with 4 treatments (T) with 4 replicates: T1 = Control (without plants); T2 = E. crassipes; T3 = P. stratiotes; and T4 = S. auriculata, submitted to a SW diluted in 50% water. The monitoring is done in tanks during a period of 30 days of each season. Electrical conductivity (EC), dissolved oxygen (DO), turbidity, NH4+ and dissolved phosphorus (P) were analyzed in the SW. In the plants, the contents of NH4+, total P and DMB were determined. It was verified that, in the spring, the plants showed higher production of DMB and a more significant reduction of EC, NH4+ and P, when compared to the plants managed in the SW in the winter. E. crassipes was more efficient at removing P (39%) and total NH4+ (80.2%), and EC reducing (92%) of SW and DMB production in the spring. The results demonstrated that the NH4+ uptake by E. crassipes contributed to a considerable removal of NH4+ and P from SW.

Assessment of the Influence of the Invasive Species Pistia stratiotes (Araceae) on Some Species of Submerged Macrophytes of Natural Water Bodies of Ukraine

2017 ◽  
Vol 53 (5) ◽  
pp. 75-84
Author(s):  
O. P. Olkhovich ◽  
N. Yu. Taran ◽  
N. B. Svetlova ◽  
L. M. Batsmanova ◽  
M. V. Aleksiyenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Natural Water ◽  
Submerged Macrophytes ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Pistia Stratiotes ◽  
Natural Water Bodies

Establishment of Three Emergent Macrophytes Under Different Water Regimes

1999 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 233-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. G. T. Giovannini ◽  
D. M. L. da Motta Marques
Keyword(s):  
Water Level ◽  
Aquatic Macrophytes ◽  
Water Regime ◽  
Emergent Macrophytes ◽  
Morphological Response ◽  
Water Regimes ◽  
Wetland Construction ◽  
Scirpus Californicus ◽  
Level 3 ◽  
Plot Design

The behavior of three emergent aquatic macrophytes under different water regimes was studied with the aim of achieving reconvertion of degraded wetlands and wetland construction for water quality improvement. Scirpus californicus, Typha subulata and Zizaniopsis bonariensis establishment was evaluated under a split plot design, in a factorial experiment with three levels of a water regime factor over a subsoil substratum. The stagnant 10±2 cm water level was best suited to T. subulata and Z. bonariensis development and S. californicus developed better at oscillating water level (3±2 cm) with flooding at 48 hour intervals. The morphological response variables (thickness and width at half length of the tallest leaf or stem per plant, height of tallest leaf or stem per plant, number of green leaves or stems and number of shoots per plant, and survival of propagules' original leaves or stems) were satisfactory descriptors to differentiate (p<0.1%) growth of above ground parts as related to water regimes and species. The three species did survive satisfactory in subsoil-like substratum under the tested water regimes. Mortality was in the worse case, 17.2%, 36.7%, and 9.4% for S. californicus, T. subulata, and Z. bonariensis, respectively. Although Z. bonariensis growth was very poor, only S. californicus and T. subulata could be indicated for planting under similar limiting conditions.

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