scholarly journals Aggression and dominance in cichlids in resident-intruder tests: the role of environmental enrichment

2011 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 543-545 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent Nijman ◽  
Boudewijn A. Heuts
Keyword(s):  
Sample Size ◽  
Size Effects ◽  
Environmental Enrichment ◽  
Geophagus Brasiliensis ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Prior Residency ◽  
Resident Intruder

When establishing dominance residents have a greater likelihood to dominate intruders than vice versa, partially because the resident has more to loose that the intruder has to win. This is known as the prior residency effect. In environmentally rich environments this effect should be stronger than in poor environments. Recently Kadry & Barreto (2010, Neotrop Ichthyol 8: 329-332) tested this in the pearl cichlid Geophagus brasiliensis (17 test pairs) and reported that environmental enrichment led to a reduction of aggression. We here present data on four other cichlids (332 test pairs) showing a stronger prior residency effect in enriched conditions, and, for two species, an increase in aggression. We discuss possible reasons for the differences between studies, focussing on the relationship between aggression and dominance and sample size effects.

scholarly journals Environmental enrichment reduces aggression of pearl cichlid, Geophagus brasiliensis, during resident-intruder interactions

2010 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 329-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vivian Oliveira Kadry ◽  
Rodrigo Egydio Barreto
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Complexity ◽  
Environmental Enrichment ◽  
Geophagus Brasiliensis ◽  
Prior Residence ◽  
Enriched Environments ◽  
Enrichment Condition ◽  
Resident Intruder

Among fishes, when residents and intruders fight, residents usually win, most likely because they value the residence more than intruders. We hypothesized that enriched environments increase the value of an area in dispute, causing a resident to more fiercely defend a resource-rich environment than a poor one. However, in the present study, intruder-resident tests with the pearl cichlid, Geophagus brasiliensis, showed environmental enrichment actually reduces aggression and can even lead to co-habitation without fighting. Additionally, in our experiments, the prior residence effect occurred irrespective of enrichment condition. Decreased visibility from increased habitat complexity reduces interactions between fish and consequently might explain the lower aggression observed herein.

scholarly journals MEDIATING EFFECTS OF EMPLOYEE COMMITMENT IN RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TOXIC LEADERSHIP AND EMPLOYEES’ PERFORMANCE

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 56-64
Author(s):  
Muhammad Rahman Khan ◽  
Hamid Khan ◽  
Sajjad Ahmad Jan ◽  
Aziz Javad ◽  
Aman Ullah Khattak
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Commitment ◽  
Sample Size ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
Employee Performance ◽  
Employee Commitment ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Mediating Effects ◽  
Toxic Leadership ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose of Study: The study aimed to examine the mediating effects of employee commitment in the relationship between toxic leadership and employee performance in the context of the banking sector, KP, Pakistan. The study is expected to provide significant information to existing knowledge databases about the toxic leaders, organizational commitment, and employees’ performance. Methodology of Study: The cross-sectional design was used to conduct the study by using a 5-point Likert scale through the questionnaire to collect primary data from the high-level managers of selected commercial banks located south region of KP, Pakistan. The sample of 234 employees of both public/private sector banks was taken randomly as the sample. To compute sample, Yamane (1967) formula for selecting sample from finite population: n=population (566), level of significance, e = 0.05 & n=sample size, sample size (n) = N/1+Ne2 = 566/1+566(0.05), 2 = 234. Main Findings: The results of the study revealed that the significant and positive association among the research variables, the significant impact of the predictors on the criterion variable, and the significant partial mediating role of the employee commitment in the relationship between the toxic leadership and employees’ performance. Applications of Study: The current study focuses on examining the role of toxic leadership on employee performance with mediating effect of employee commitment within the banking sector of KP, Pakistan. This study's significance lies in the banking sector, desiring to acquire sustainable competitive advantage through increased employee performance and employee commitment. Novelty/Originality of Study: The expectation that organizational commitment can improve the relationship between toxic leadership and employee performance is missed to a certain extent in the educational context that is expected to offer a new contribution to an existing database of research.

scholarly journals PERAN GREEN TRUST DAN GREEN SATISFACTION MEMEDIASI HUBUNGAN GREEN IMAGE DENGAN GREEN LOYALTY

2018 ◽  
pp. 809
Author(s):  
Ni Luh Gde Sari Dewi Astuti ◽  
I Putu Gde Sukaatmadja
Keyword(s):  
Sample Size ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Partial Least Square ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Green Hotel ◽  
Green Trust ◽  
The Relationship

Green hotel has become a branding and strategy in winning business competition, if using environmentally friendly energy. This study aims to explain the relationship green image with green trust, green image with green satisfaction, green trust with green loyalty, green satisfaction with green loyalty, green image with green loyalty, and to explain the role of green trust and green satisfaction in mediating green image relationship with green loyalty. The population in this study are the guests who have been staying at Hotel Bali Tropic Resort & Spa (minimum 2 times stay in the period of 2013-2017) with sample size of 100 respondents. This research uses analysis technique PLS (Partial Least Square). This study found that green image has a positive relationship with green trust, green satisfaction, and green loyalty. Green trust and green satisfaction have a positive relationship with green loyalty. Green trust and green satisfaction are able to mediate partially and have a positive relationship with green loyalty.

scholarly journals Peran Modal Sosial Sebagai Mediator Literasi Keuangan dan Inklusi Keuangan Pada Kaum Muda di Indonesia (Studi Kasus pada Komunitas Investor Saham Pemula)

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 243
Author(s):  
Rachmat Simbara Saputra ◽  
Andrieta Shintia Dewi
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Sample Size ◽  
Direct Effect ◽  
Financial Literacy ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Financial Inclusion ◽  
Probability Sampling ◽  
Younger Generation ◽  
The Relationship

Currently the level of financial literacy and financial inclusion in Indonesian people, especially the younger generation, is still considered very low. Therefore, the role of social capital for improving financial literacy and financial inclusion in society need special attention. Social capital is expected to become a mediator for improving financial literacy and financial inclusion. This study aims to decide the role of social capital as a mediator of the relationship between financial literacy and financial inclusion. In addition, this study also examined the direct effect of financial literacy on financial inclusion. The population of this study were all members of the Investor Saham Pemula Community a number of 320 members. Making sample of this research using non-probability sampling technique with a sample size of 180 samples. This study adopts and uses Sobel and Kenny and Baron test to test the effect of mediation of social capital in the relationship between financial literacy and financial inclusion. The finding in this study is a proven social capital mediates the relationship between financial literacy and financial inclusion and there are no direct effect between financial literacy and financial inclusion. 

scholarly journals The role of consumer innovativeness in consumer desire to try the transactions with sharia banking

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 44-49
Author(s):  
Wahyuniati Hamid ◽  
La Ode Anto ◽  
Nasrul Nasrul
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Sample Size ◽  
Consumer Innovativeness ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
On Line ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Consumer Desire

The study attempts to shed light on factors driving people to turn to sharia banks. The study focuses on consumer innovativeness with alternative capacity and value attractiveness as antecedents. The respondents are sharia banking consumers in Makassar. The sample size follows Malhotra 2007 formula. Respondents are reached through on-line interaction and offline contact on the spot of sharia banks. It applies the PLS tool for data analysis. It conceives that alternative seeking and innovativeness have significant effects on consumer innovativeness and desire to try the transactions with sharia banking, and consumer innovativeness has a significant effect on the desire to try the transactions with sharia banks. In this way, it explores the mediating role of consumer innovativeness in the relationship between alternative capacity and desire and that between value attractiveness and desire. Thus, the study has several novelties. It brings up new constructs such as alternative capacity, value attractiveness, and desire to try the transactions with sharia banking. The results would be that consumer innovativeness serves as a partial mediator in the relationship between alternative capacity and the desire, and a full mediator in that between value attractiveness and the desire.

scholarly journals Organizational Commitment as Mediating the Relationship Between Spiritual Leadership on the Sharia Hotels Performance

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 202-213
Author(s):  
Eka Mariyanti ◽  
Nor Azilah Husin
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Commitment ◽  
Path Analysis ◽  
Sample Size ◽  
Spiritual Leadership ◽  
The Relationship

The purpose of this study is to look at the role of organizational commitment as a mediator between spiritual leadership and Sharia Hotels performance in Padang City, Indonesia, with a sample size of 50 respondents, and this study uses path analysis. The results showed that spiritual leadership has a positive and significant effect on organizational commitment with a significant value of 0.000 < 0.05. Organizational commitment has a positive and significant effect on Sharia Hotels Performance with a significance value of 0.000 < 5%. Spiritual leadership also has a positive and significant effect on Sharia Hotels Performance of 0.000 < 5%. The influence of spiritual leadership on Sharia Hotels' performance with Organizational Commitment as a mediating variable with a calculated t value of 2.78> t table of 1.6787.

scholarly journals Peran Customer Delight Memoderasi Esteem Needs terhadap Niat Beli

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 847
Author(s):  
Cokorda Istri Agung Vera Nindiaputri ◽  
Ida Bagus Sudiksa
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Sample Size ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Purchase Intentions ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Customer Delight ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The purpose of this study is to analyze the role of customer delight in moderating esteem needs to consumer purchase intentions (study on Guess products). This research was conducted in Bali Province with data analysis technique of Moderation Regression Analysis (MRA). Sample size obtained by using purposive sampling method as much as 100 respondents. Based on the results of the analysis can be stated that the esteem needs and customer delight directly affect the consumer's buying intentions on Guess products. Customer delight proved to moderate the relationship of esteem needs to consumers' buying intentions on Guess products. Recommendations that can be recommended for manufacturers Guess should pay attention to the position and views of consumers will use a Guess product to be an inspiration and improve the esteem needs among the community. Guess must be correct in providing information about the advantages over Guess products so that consumers feel comfortable, confident interested and really Guess as a product that is sought and needed.

scholarly journals Mediating role of entrepreneurial competencies: Influence of personality traits on entrepreneurial intention

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 211-220
Author(s):  
Ida Ketut Kusumawijaya ◽  
Partiwi Dwi Astuti
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Sample Size ◽  
Response Rate ◽  
Entrepreneurial Intention ◽  
Business Managers ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Comprehensive View ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Entrepreneurial Competency

This study aims to examine the role of entrepreneurial competency in mediating the influence of personality traits on entrepreneurial intention. Data were collected using a questionnaire sent to medium-sized business managers in the province of Bali, Indonesia; the sample size is 385 people. Assuming a response rate of 85%, 453 questionnaires were sent. Of these, 142 returned and a usable response rate of 30.37% was achieved. Data were analyzed using SEM-PLS with WarpsPLS 7.0. The findings show that personality traits have a significant effect on entrepreneurial competency (β = 0.513; p &lt; 0.001), personality traits significantly affect entrepreneurial intention (β = 0.266; p &lt; 0.001). Furthermore, this study proves that entrepreneurial competency significantly affects entrepreneurial intention (β = 0.436; p &lt; 0.001). This study also found the Sobel test value of 5.770, which means that entrepreneurial competency can influence personality traits and entrepreneurial intention as a partial mediator. There is a comprehensive view of the relationship between personality traits, entrepreneurial competency, and entrepreneurial intention. This study not only provides an understanding of the relationship between personality traits and entrepreneurial intention, but also provides evidence on the mechanism by which entrepreneurial competency mediates the relationship between personality traits and entrepreneurial intention.

Malleable Standards of Care Required by Jurors When Assessing Auditor Negligence

2016 ◽  
Vol 92 (1) ◽  
pp. 165-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eldar M. Maksymov ◽  
Mark W. Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Sample Size ◽  
Audit Quality ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Standards Of Care ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Insight Into

ABSTRACT We report the results of four experiments investigating the relationship between (1) the quality of an audit, (2) jurors' assessments of the standard of prudent care (SOC) against which audit quality is compared, and (3) jurors' negligence verdicts. Experiment 1 operationalizes audit quality by varying the sample size used in audit testing, and provides evidence that jurors anchor their assessment of SOC on audit quality, producing a “competitive mediation” in which audit quality reduces the potential for a negligence verdict directly, but increases that potential indirectly by increasing SOC. Experiment 2 generalizes this finding to a setting that operationalizes audit quality by varying the size of adjustment the auditor required. Experiments 3 and 4 extend these results to a setting in which SOC is elicited after jurors make negligence verdicts. Overall, these experiments provide insight into the role of SOC in constraining and justifying negligence verdicts. Data Availability: Contact the authors.

Randomized Clinical Trials in Surgery

1989 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 317-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bucknam McPeek ◽  
Frederick Mosteller ◽  
Martin McKneally
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Sample Size ◽  
Comparative Effectiveness ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Causal Link ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Two Generations ◽  
The Relationship

When it is well conducted, a randomized clinical provides the strongest evidence available for evaluating the comparative effectiveness of the interventions tested. Over the last two generations, we have learned much about various devices for strengthening them and about methods of avoiding between in their design, execution, analysis, and reporting. In a trial, we seek evidence for a causal link between treatment and observed outcomes. Becaues the controlled trial depends on an argument based on exculsion (i.e., no other causes or differences affected the experimental groups), we strengthen its inference by taking steps to exclude any such differences.This article discusses a number of issues that deserve consideration: problems of multiplicity and generalizability, devices for strengthening trials, issues of power and sample size, the relationship between study design and reported gains, when to undertake a trial, the role of collaborative trials, and ways to make trials more feasible in clinical settings.

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