Horsenettle (Solanum carolinense) Control in Tall Fescue (Festuca arundinacea) and Clover (Trifoliumsp.) Pastures with Mixtures of 2,4-D and Picloram

2004 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 1091-1095 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph E. Beeler ◽  
G. Neil Rhodes ◽  
Gary E. Bates ◽  
Christopher L. Main ◽  
Thomas C. Mueller
Keyword(s):  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Solanum Carolinense ◽  
Treated Area ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Early Flower

Herbicide treatments (4:1 ratio of 2,4-D amine:picloram) at 0.7 and 1.4 kg ae/ha at early postemergence (10- to 15-cm horsenettle height), midpostemergence (early flower), and late postemergence (fruit initiation) applied both early and late in the growing season provided >80% horsenettle control. Horsenettle density at season's end in all treated plots was less than 0.25 stems/m2, whereas untreated plots contained about 5 stems/m2. Horsenettle control the next spring was between 47 and 66% for all rates and application timings, and horsenettle density in treated plots was less than 3 stems/m2as opposed to about 6 stems/m2in the untreated plots. Clover drilled into the treated area the year after herbicide application was injured, indicating clover establishment the season after application of this package mixture would be difficult.

Impact of Herbicides Applied Annually for Twenty-three Years in a Deciduous Orchard

1996 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 587-591 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chester L. Foy ◽  
Charles R. Drake ◽  
Carlton L. Pirkey
Keyword(s):  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
High Density ◽  
Tree Roots ◽  
Poor Growth ◽  
Herbicide Residues ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Drought Conditions ◽  
Oat Biomass ◽  
Peach Orchard

A semi- and high-density apple and peach orchard was established at Blacksburg, VA. Starting 1 yr after transplanting, tree rows were treated with paraquat, 2,4-D, or amitrole plus simazine for 4 yr. Thereafter, diuron, simazine, or terbacil was applied in conjunction with paraquat or glyphosate. During the 12th growing season, young trees planted between existing trees failed to make proper growth. Oat bioassay of soils collected from treated rows revealed that the tree row topsoil (0 to 7.5 cm) produced less oat biomass than did deeper row soils (to 30 cm) or soils of corresponding depths from adjacent non-treated tall fescue sod alleyways. Poor growth of trees may have been related to other factors (competition from older trees, drought conditions, etc.) since herbicide residues in the upper 7.5 cm would have little effect on tree roots below this depth. After 3 yr the trees developed normally. Tree rows became heavily infested with weeds 1 yr following cessation of 23 yr of consecutive herbicide treatments.

Influence of Fenoxaprop and Ethofumesate Treatments on Suppression of Common Bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) in Tall Fescue (Festuca arundinacea) Turf

1995 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 789-793 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Jack Johnson ◽  
Robert N. Carrow
Keyword(s):  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Common Bermudagrass

Experiments were conducted over a 3-yr period to determine the rate and frequency of herbicide application needed to control common bermudagrass growing in a tall fescue turf. In Experiment I, fenoxaprop plus ethofumesate applied at 0.2 + 1.7 kg/ha in late April and repeated at the same rate at 3- to 4-wk intervals for a total of five applications resulted in excellent (≥ 97%) common bermudagrass suppression. The suppression was higher from combination of fenoxaprop and ethofumesate than when fenoxaprop was applied at 0.2 kg/ha in five applications (≤ 67%). In Experiment II, fenoxaprop plus ethofumesate applied at 0.2 +1.7 kg/ha required four applications per year to effectively suppress common bermudagrass (95%) in 1993, but five applications were needed to obtain similar suppression (96%) in 1994. Tifway bermudagrass was not suppressed during 1994 when fenoxaprop plus ethofumesate were applied at 0.2 +1.7 kg/ha in each of five applications (30%). In most instances, fenoxaprop plus ethofumesate applied at 0.2 +1.7 kg/ha caused only slight to moderate (< 30%) injury to tall fescue for 1 to 2 wk after treatment. When injury occurred, it was temporary as the turf fully recovered within 2 to 3 wk after treatment. An exception occurred in early July 1992 when fenoxaprop plus ethofumesate caused 44% injury to tall fescue after the four applications.

Influence of Herbicides on Direct-Seeding Establishment of Birdsfoot Trefoil (Lotus corniculatus) into Grass Sods

Weed Science ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 567-571 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dean L. Linscott ◽  
Richard H. Vaughan
Keyword(s):  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Lotus Corniculatus ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Birdsfoot Trefoil ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Vegetation Control ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Direct Seeded

Birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatusL.) was direct-seeded into five different grass sods after treatment with dalapon (2,2-dichloropropionic acid), glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine], or paraquat (1,1′-dimethyl-4,4′-bipyridinium ion) at varying rates for vegetation control. During establishment, the stands of birdsfoot trefoil were acceptable in all treated- and untreated-sod grass sods except 1 yr in untreated tall fescue (Festuca arundinaceaSchreb.) and timothy (Phleum pratensisL.) and 1 yr in tall fescue receiving 3 kg/ha of dalapon. Herbicide treatments resulted in a more rapid development of a significant legume component in the sward and an increase in forage yield over the untreated plots. Minimum herbicide application rates for best return for grass sod control were 0.5, 1, and 5 kg/ha respectively for paraquat, glyphosate, and dalapon.

Field evaluation of phalaris, tall fescue and cocksfoot cultivars and accessions in western Victoria, Australia

2008 ◽  
Vol 59 (10) ◽  
pp. 971 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. F. M. Reed ◽  
Z. N. Nie ◽  
B. Clark
Keyword(s):  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Field Evaluation ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Seedling Vigour ◽  
Grazing Tolerance ◽  
Breeding Populations ◽  
Cumulative Production

To assess their potential usefulness in the central and south-western Victorian environment, cultivars/experimental varieties and accessions of each of three perennial grasses, phalaris (Phalaris aquatica L.), tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb. = syn. Lolium arundinaceum. (Schreb.) Darbysh.), and cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata L.), were established as swards by spring-sowing and then evaluated under rotational grazing by sheep. Pasture establishment, production, and survival following severe drought were measured at two locations. Persistent novel material of phalaris and tall fescue was identified that could increase the cool-season and year-round production relative to that obtained from current commercial cultivars. Phalaris and tall fescue varieties were compared at Hamilton. Results indicated that, in contrast to tall fescue, the seedling vigour of winter-active phalaris types was similar in spring relative to that of summer-active types. Most phalaris cultivars were more productive than tall fescue in autumn and winter (P < 0.05). For the experimental phalaris variety Perla × Sirocco, dry matter (DM) production during these seasons was 19% greater than for the most productive tall fescue, cv. Fraydo (P < 0.05). In a short growing season site at Warrak, winter-active cultivars of tall fescue produced up to 17% more DM in winter (P < 0.05) than the highest yielding, summer-active cv. Quantum MaxP, but for cumulative production over 3 years, Quantum MaxP was significantly more productive (P < 0.05) than 18 other entries. However, the persistence of Quantum and Quantum MaxP declined considerably post-drought; a more persistent accession from Sardinia, FA 005, was as productive as Quantum MaxP. Of the 13 cultivars compared in the longer growing season of Hamilton, Fraydo and Resolute MaxP were the most productive in winter (P < 0.05). For cumulative herbage yield over 4 years, Fraydo, Quantum MaxP, Quantum, Resolute MaxP, and Tanit were the most productive cultivars (P < 0.05). Infection with the MaxP endophyte did not affect persistence of Quantum at either site but improved the persistence of Resolute at Hamilton (P < 0.05). At Warrak, MaxP endophyte-infected Quantum was 35% more productive in summer–autumn than the endophyte-free cv. Quantum (P < 0.05). Compared with the most productive commercial cv. Holdfast, experimental varieties from breeding populations of winter-active phalaris selected for grazing tolerance and which incorporated Perla, were superior for seedling vigour (rating 5 v. 3), winter growth (by ≥15%), and cumulative production over 4 years (≥12%) (P < 0.05).

scholarly journals Impact of postemergence herbicides on soybean injury and canopy formation

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 727-734
Author(s):  
Grant L. Priess ◽  
Jason K. Norsworthy ◽  
Trenton L. Roberts ◽  
Edward E. Gbur
Keyword(s):  
Growth Stage ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Canopy Volume ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Soybean Canopy ◽  
Postemergence Herbicides

AbstractField studies were conducted in 2017 and 2018 in Arkansas to evaluate the injury caused by herbicides on soybean canopy formation and yield. Fomesafen, acifluorfen, S-metolachlor + fomesafen, and S-metolachlor + fomesafen + chlorimuron alone and in combination with glufosinate were applied to glufosinate-resistant soybean at the V2 growth stage. Soybean injury resulting from these labeled herbicide treatments ranged from 9% to 25% at 2 wk after application. This level of injury resulted in a 4-, 5-, 6-, and 6-d delay in soybean reaching 80% groundcover following fomesafen, acifluorfen, S-metolachlor + fomesafen, and S-metolachlor + fomesafen + chlorimuron, respectively. There was a 2-d delay in soybean reaching a canopy volume of 15,000 cm3 following each of the four herbicide treatments. The addition of glufosinate to the herbicide applications resulted in longer delays in canopy formation with every herbicide treatment except glufosinate + fomesafen. Fomesafen, acifluorfen, S-metolachlor + fomesafen, and S-metolachlor + fomesafen + chlorimuron, each applied with glufosinate, delayed soybean from reaching 80% groundcover by 2, 7, 8, and 9 d, respectively, and delayed the number of days for soybean to reach a canopy volume of 15,000 cm3 by 2, 3, 2, and 2 d, respectively. No yield loss occurred with any herbicide application. A delay in percent groundcover in soybean allows sunlight to reach the soil surface for longer periods throughout the growing season, possibly promoting late-season weed germination and the need for an additional POST herbicide application.

scholarly journals Influence of a thiamethoxam seed treatment on acetolactate synthase–inhibiting herbicide–induced injury to inbred and hybrid imidazolinone-resistant rice

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 253-257
Author(s):  
Steven M. Martin ◽  
Jason K. Norsworthy ◽  
Robert C. Scott ◽  
Jarrod Hardke ◽  
Gus M. Lorenz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Acetolactate Synthase ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Canopy Height ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Seed Treatments ◽  
Final Treatment ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Potential Benefits

AbstractThe increased use of insecticide seed treatments in rice has raised many questions about the potential benefits of these products. In 2014 and 2015, a field experiment was conducted near Stuttgart and Lonoke, AR, to evaluate whether an insecticide seed treatment could possibly lessen injury from acetolactate synthase (ALS)–inhibiting herbicides in imidazolinone-resistant (IR) rice. Two IR cultivars were tested (a hybrid, ‘CLXL745’, and an inbred, ‘CL152’), with and without an insecticide seed treatment (thiamethoxam). Four different herbicide combinations were evaluated: a nontreated control, two applications of bispyribac-sodium (hereafter bispyribac), two applications of imazethapyr, and two applications of imazethapyr plus bispyribac. The first herbicide application was to two- to three-leaf rice, and the second immediately prior to flooding (one- to two-tiller). At both 2 and 4 wk after final treatment (WAFT), the sequential applications of imazethapyr or bispyribac plus imazethapyr were more injurious to CLXL745 than CL152. This increased injury led to decreased groundcover 3 WAFT. Rice treated with thiamethoxam was less injured than nontreated rice and had improved groundcover and greater canopy heights. Even with up to 32% injury, the rice plants recovered by the end of the growing season, and yields within a cultivar were similar with and without a thiamethoxam seed treatment across all herbicide treatments. Based on these results, thiamethoxam can partially protect rice from injury caused by ALS-inhibiting herbicides as well as increase groundcover and canopy height; that is, the injury to rice never negatively affected yield.

Johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense) Control with Imazethapyr and Haloxyfop in Conventional and Vertical-tilled Soybean (Glycine max)

Weed Science ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 345-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hector J. Tassara ◽  
Jose Santoro ◽  
Mircza C. De Seiler ◽  
Esteban Bojanich ◽  
Claudio Rubione ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Sorghum Halepense ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Reduced Frequency ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Measuring Frequency

Field studies in conventional and vertical-tilled soybeans were conducted in 1992/93 and 1993/94 at four locations in Argentina to compare the efficacy of imazethapyr and haloxyfop for johnsongrass control. Control was evaluated by measuring frequency of johnsongrass-infested areas at the beginning of the 1992/93 and 1993/94 growing seasons. Relative johnsongrass leaf area and number of rhizome phytomers within infested areas also was evaluated. Herbicide application reduced frequency of infested areas in the 1992/93 growing season. Frequency of infested areas increased in check plots. No differences were found among herbicide treatments, suggesting that the effect of imazethapyr was as high as that observed for specific graminicides. Reduction in frequency of infested areas caused by herbicide treatments was accompanied to some extent by a decrease in intensity of infestation within infested patches assessed by measuring johnsongrass relative leaf area. Phytomer population levels, on the other hand, were reduced only after two consecutive years of herbicide application. No differences were found among herbicide treatments in terms of impact on both measures of weed abundance. Johnsongrass responded similarly to all treatments regardless of tillage system.

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