The Different Aspects between Anaphor Binding and Scope Interpretation in the Dative IO/CAUSEE Constructions

2019 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 27-47
Author(s):  
Doo-Won Lee
Keyword(s):  
Scope Interpretation

The Myth of Structural Rationality

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Kiesewetter
Keyword(s):  
Wide Scope ◽  
Structural Requirements ◽  
Rational Requirements ◽  
Narrow Scope ◽  
Scope Interpretation

While Chapters 4 and 5 suggest that structural requirements of rationality cannot be normative, Chapter 6 argues for the stronger conclusion that there are no such requirements to begin with. The argument is that both narrow- and wide-scope interpretations of structural requirements face problems independently of whether these requirements are understood as being normative. Starting with the narrow-scope interpretation, the chapter discusses the problem that it licenses bootstrapping of rational requirements (6.1), that it entails inconsistent requirements (6.2), and that it entails requirements that undermine each other in a counterintuitive way (6.3). Turning to the wide-scope interpretation, the chapter discusses the charge that wide-scope requirements cannot capture an important asymmetry involved in structural irrationality (6.4–6.5), and that they are incapable of guiding our responses (6.6). It is argued that all of these objections pose serious problems for the respective accounts. This supports the conclusion that there are no structural requirements of rationality (6.7).

scholarly journals A new perspective on the shielding property of positive polarity

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 266
Author(s):  
Andreea Cristina Nicolae
Keyword(s):  
Recent Work ◽  
Universal Quantifier ◽  
Positive Polarity ◽  
Narrow Scope ◽  
Clausal Negation ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Scope Interpretation

In certain languages, disjunctions exhibit positive polarity behavior, which Szabolcsi (2002) argues can be diagnosed via the following four properties: (i) anti-licensing: no narrow scope interpretation under a clausemate negation, (ii) rescuing: acceptable in the scope of an even number of negative operators, (iii) shielding: acceptable under a clausemate negation if a universal quantifier intervenes, and (iv) locality of anti-licensing: acceptable in the scope of an extra-clausal negation. In recent work, Nicolae (2016, 2017), building on Spector 2014, argues that what distinguishes PPI disjunctions from polarity insensitive disjunctions is the fact that PPI-disjunctions obligatorily trigger epistemic inferences. That analysis, however, only accounts for the first two PPI properties. This paper extends that analysis to account for the second two properties, concluding that they should be seen as instantiations of the same phenomena, namely shielding by a universal quantifier.

Referential/attributive: a scope interpretation

2008 ◽  
Vol 147 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-191
Author(s):  
Richard L. Mendelsohn
Keyword(s):  
Scope Interpretation

Discovery of Ulaanbaatar Fault: A New Earthquake Threat to the Capital of Mongolia

2020 ◽  
Vol 92 (1) ◽  
pp. 437-447
Author(s):  
Yasuhiro Suzuki ◽  
Takashi Nakata ◽  
Mitsuhisa Watanabe ◽  
Sukhee Battulga ◽  
Dangaa Enkhtaivan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Active Fault ◽  
Active Faults ◽  
Plate Boundaries ◽  
Safety Measures ◽  
Fault Trace ◽  
Seismic Hazard Map ◽  
Fault Scarps ◽  
Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency ◽  
Scope Interpretation ◽  
Large Earthquakes

Abstract Destructive large earthquakes occur not only along major plate boundaries but also within the interior of plates. To establish appropriate safety measures, identifying intraplate active faults and the potential magnitude of associated earthquakes is essential before an earthquake occurs. This study was conducted to document the geomorphic expression of a previously unrecognized 50-km-long active fault in Ulaanbaatar, the capital of Mongolia. Mapping of the fault was accomplished using the Advanced Land Observation Satellite elevation dataset provided by Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), a stereo-scope interpretation of CORONA satellite images, the emplacement of trenches across the fault trace, and field study. The Ulaanbaatar fault (UBF) is marked by fault scarps on the surface and left-lateral stream deflections. The fault displaces late Pleistocene deposits and is thus considered to be active. Based on the length of the fault, the UBF is believed to be capable of causing earthquakes with magnitudes greater than M 7 and subsequent associated damage to buildings and heavy causalities within the metropolitan area. We strongly suggest that building resistance requirements in Ulaanbaatar should be revised to mitigate for the potential of extensive seismic damage. The results of this study can be used to revise the seismic hazard map and stipulate a new disaster prevention strategy to improve public safety in Ulaanbaatar. It is also possible that there may be other active faults in the vicinity of Ulaanbaatar, and these require investigation.

scholarly journals Exploring key issues of aerobic scope interpretation in ectotherms: absolute versus factorial

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 405-415 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lewis G. Halsey ◽  
Shaun S. Killen ◽  
Timothy D. Clark ◽  
Tommy Norin
Keyword(s):  
Aerobic Scope ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Scope Interpretation

The syntax of Mandarin dative alternation

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-222
Author(s):  
Tian Gan ◽  
Cheng-Yu Edwin Tsai
Keyword(s):  
Direct Object ◽  
Syntactic Analysis ◽  
Underlying Structure ◽  
Surface Form ◽  
Wide Scope ◽  
Structural Hierarchy ◽  
Indirect Object ◽  
Dative Alternation ◽  
Ditransitive Verbs ◽  
Scope Interpretation

Abstract This paper investigates the syntax of dative constructions (DCs) in Mandarin from the perspective of quantifier scope interpretation. In the literature, doubly quantified DCs such as Xiaoming ji-le yi-zhang mingxinpian gei mei-yi-wei laoshi ‘Xiaoming mailed one postcard to every teacher’ have been claimed to be scopally ambiguous, and different syntactic analyses have been proposed based on this observation. Crucially, however, DCs with the universal direct object (DO) preceding the existential indirect object (IO), e.g., Xiaoming ji-le mei-yi-zhang mingxinpian gei yi-wei laoshi ‘Xiaoming mailed every postcard to one teacher’, appear to be not ambiguous, where only the existential IO seems to take wide scope. This problem, which we call the dative puzzle, has not been systematically explored, either theoretically or experimentally. To fill this gap, we conducted an experiment on the scope interpretation of dative sentences in Mandarin, which confirms the above observation. A syntactic analysis for Mandarin DCs is proposed accordingly, where it is argued that (i) DCs share the same underlying structure with shift constructions (SCs) of the form [Subj V-gei IO DO], both containing a causative vP embedded under an action verb (cf. Cheng et al. 1999); (ii) the surface form of a DC is derived by an optional, vP-internal scrambling of the DO from the lowest complement position to an adjunct position; and (iii) such scrambling does not affect scope interpretation. Our proposal suggests that, insofar as inherently ditransitive verbs are concerned, Mandarin DCs and SCs are derivationally related, and the observed dative puzzle is shown to follow from the structural hierarchy of the advocated base syntax of DCs.

The scope interpretation of complex predicates in Japanese: A unified lexicalist analysis

2007 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 489-530 ◽  
Author(s):  
YUSUKE KUBOTA
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Representation ◽  
Quantifier Scope ◽  
Complex Predicates ◽  
Syntactic Structures ◽  
Scope Ambiguity ◽  
Verbal Noun ◽  
Complex Predicate ◽  
Object Construction ◽  
Verb Constructions ◽  
Scope Interpretation

This paper proposes a unified analysis of adverb scope and quantifier scope phenomena in a lexicalist approach to complex predicates. I first observe that the availability of scope ambiguity for adverbs and for quantifiers always coincides for a given type of complex predicate, drawing on data from different kinds of compound verb constructions, the verbal noun-taking predicates and the nominative object construction. The challenge for a unified treatment in lexicalist frameworks comes from the fact that syntactic structures cannot be taken as the locus for representing the scope of adverbs and quantifiers, unlike in derivational frameworks where such an analysis is the most natural. Thus, a previous lexicalist analysis by Manning, Sag & Iida (1999) makes use of completely different mechanisms to account for adverb scope and quantifier scope, failing to capture the close parallel between them. I remedy this problem of Manning et al.'s analysis by proposing a unified account of adverb scope and quantifier scope that crucially makes use of a slightly enriched semantic representation explicitly encoding the property of mono-/biclausality with respect to scopal phenomena.

scholarly journals Inferences from the negation of counterfactual and semifactual conditionals

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Orlando Espino ◽  
Isabel Orenes ◽  
Sergio Moreno-Ríos
Keyword(s):  
Large Scope ◽  
Scope Interpretation

AbstractOur goal was to study how people understand the negation of counterfactuals (such as “Antonio denied/said that it is false that if Messi had played, then Barcelona would have won”) and semifactuals (such as “Antonio denied that even if Messi had played, Barcelona would have won”). Previous studies have shown that participants negated basic conditionals using small-scope interpretations by endorsing a new conditional with the negated consequent, but also by making large-scope interpretations, endorsing a conjunction with the negated consequent. Three experiments showed that when participants were asked whether the negation of a counterfactual (Experiments 1 and 2) or semifactual (Experiment 3) conditional was followed by a new conditional, they made a small-scope interpretation, endorsing the same conditional with the negated consequent (e.g., “if/even if Messi had played, Barcelona would not have won”). However, they also accepted the conditional with the negated antecedent for semifactuals (e.g., “even if Messi had not played, Barcelona would have won”). When participants were asked whether the negation of a counterfactual or semifactual conditional is followed by a conjunction, they endorsed the conjunction with both the negated antecedent and the consequent (e.g., “Messi did not play and Barcelona did not win”), but again they accepted the conjunction with the negated antecedent only for semifactuals (e.g., “Messi did not play and Barcelona did win”). These results have implications for the main theories of reasoning.

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