scholarly journals HISTORICAL AND CULTURAL RELATIONS OF THE POPULATION OF THE BASIN OF VYCHEGDA AND THE UPPER KAMA RIVERS IN THE MIDDLE AGES (BASED ON THE MATERIALS OF THE VYM AND RODANOVO ARCHAEOLOGICAL CULTURES)

2021 ◽  
pp. 70-80
Author(s):  
E. A. Savelyeva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Burial Ground ◽  
Cultural Relations ◽  
Funeral Rites ◽  
Funeral Rite ◽  
Cultural Proximity ◽  
Archaeological Cultures ◽  
And Linguistics ◽  
Burial Grounds ◽  
Underground Burial

The latest materials of the excavations of medieval sites in the Vychegda basin and the Upper Kama region confirm the ethno-cultural proximity of the Rodanovo and Vym archaeological cultures associated with the related peoples – the ancestors of the Komi-Permians and Komi-Zyryans, which was proved by A.P. Smirnov, V.A. Oborin, A.F. Melnichuk, R.D. Goldina and other researchers. It can be traced in the most conservative, traditional elements of culture – in funeral rites, ceramics, and women's costume decorations. Both cultures are characterized by underground burial grounds, burials in which are made by the method of inhumation and cremation. Ceramics are represented by stucco vessels of cup-shaped and pot-shaped forms, ornamented with comb, rosette stamp, and cord prints. Common adornments of women's costume are umbonoid, arched, anchor and bronze bi-anchor rattle pendants, a variety of tubular thread decorations. The greatest affinity to the Rodanovo culture is found in the sites adjacent to the Upper Kama areas – Sysola, Mid-Vychegda, dating back to the 10th – 11th, 11th – 12th centuries. On the Sysola river, three burial grounds were investigated, different from the Vym, Mid- and Low Vychegda ones. The Votcha burial ground on the Middle Sysola river, dating back to the 10th – 11th centuries, refers to the earliest ones. According to the funeral rite and ware implements, it shows the greatest cultural proximity to the sites of the Kama region, which is most likely due to the relocation of a small group of the Kama population to the Sysola basin. The Uzhga I and II burial grounds on the Upper Sysola are distinguished by their great originality. The burial rite of the Uzhga burial grounds is characterized by dismembered burials, burials of individual skulls, and the tradition of deliberate destruction of graves for ritual purposes. These features of the funeral rite find analogies in the Upper Kama burial grounds, in particular, Averino I in the Afanasyevsky district of the Kirov region, as well as Plotnitsy, located in the Kudymkar district of the Perm region. It is most likely that the population that had left Uzhga burial grounds, was part of the same territorial–tribal association as the northern Upper Kama population, associated with Zyuzdino Komi-Permians, which is confirmed by the data of ethnography and linguistics. The infiltration of the Rodanovo population into the Vychegda basin in the 11th and 12th centuries is documented by the excavations of the Chezhtyyag and Vym Kichilkos I burial grounds. They belong to the Vym culture of the Vychegda Perm, the early complexes of which, dating from the 11th –12th centuries, may be associated with the Rodanovo newcomers. In the burial 37 of the Chezhtyyag burial ground, a characteristic Rodanovo women's costume is represented. At the Kichilkos I burial ground, numerous highly artistic Bulgar silver articles from the Kama region were found, as well as typical Rodanovo decorations, stucco vessels similar in shape and ornamentation, and burials that show the greatest similarity to the Early Rodanovo ones. These materials testify not only to the active trade and cultural relations between the population of the Vym and Rodanovo cultures, but also to the infiltration of the Upper Kama Rodanovo groups into the Vychegda basin in the 11th and 12th centuries.

scholarly journals LATE MEDIEVAL MONUMENTS IN THE MATSUTA GLADE OF THE DIGOR GORGE

Kavkaz-forum ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 101-119
Author(s):  
Г.Н . Вольная (Керцева)
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Burial Ground ◽  
Late Medieval ◽  
Funeral Rite ◽  
Late Middle Ages ◽  
Project Construction ◽  
History Of

Материальная культура позднего средневековья Дигорского ущелья Северной Осетии недостаточно хорошо изучена по сравнению с другими периодами. В статье впервые представлен комплекс археологических памятников, расположенных на Поляне Мацута Дигорского ущелья: памятники, их расположение, история изучения. Цель исследования – рассмотреть Поляну Мацута как погребальный и культовый комплекс, где находятся позднесредневековые полуподземные склепы, каменные ящики, менгиры, цырты, «нартовский» ныхас, поселения кобанского и аланского периодов. Это памятники являются почитаемыми у местного населения, упоминаются в нартовском эпосе. В статье использовались полевые методы исследования, метод анализа и аналогий. В статье представлен авторский материал спасательных раскопок 2020 г. «Грунтового могильника Мацута I, средневековье» XVI-XVIII вв. в зоне реализации проекта «Строительство фельдшерско-акушерского пункта в с. Мацута». Могильник представляет собой погребения в каменных ящиках. Всего было раскопано 75 ящиков, в которых покойные лежали вытянуто на спине головой на запад с широтными отклонениями. Некоторые ранние погребения сопровождаются обрядом кремации. Погребальный обряд находит аналогии в горной Балкарии. Для погребального обряда характерно отсутствие керамической посуды в погребениях. Над ранними погребениями могильника была устроена тризна с кремацией и большим количеством фрагментированной керамики, скорее всего местного производства. Погребальный инвентарь достаточно беден и характерен для горнокавказской культуры позднего средневековья. Во взрослых погребениях найдены одежда, обувь, пояса, головные уборы, пояса; в женских – украшения; в мужских – ножи, оселки. В детских погребениях (в большинстве случаев) слева от головы обнаружены только куриные яйца, либо погребальный инвентарь совсем отсутствует. Отмечается высокая детская смертность. Детские погребения составляют почти 50% от всего числа раскопанных погребений. The material culture of the late middle ages of the Digor gorge in North Ossetia is not well studied in comparison with other periods. The article presents for the first time a complex of archaeological monuments located in The Matsuta Glade of the Digor gorge: monuments, their location, and history of study. The purpose of the study is to consider the Matsuta Glade as a funerary and cult complex, where there are late medieval semi-underground crypts, stone boxes, menhirs, tsyrts, "nartovsky" Nykhas, settlements of the Koban and Alan periods. These monuments are revered by the local population, mentioned in the Nart epic. The article uses field research methods, the method of analysis and analogies. The article presents the author's material of rescue excavations in 2020 of the "Ground burial ground of Matsuta I, middle ages" of the XVI-XVIII centuries in the area of the project "Construction of a paramedic and midwifery station in the village of Matsuta". The burial ground is a burial in stone boxes. In total, 75 boxes were excavated, in which the deceased lay stretched out on their backs with their heads facing West with latitude deviations. Some early burials are accompanied by a cremation ceremony. The funeral rite finds analogies in the mountainous Balkaria. The funeral rite is characterized by the absence of ceramic dishes in the burials. A funeral feast with cremation and a large amount of fragmented pottery, most likely of local production, was built over the early burials of the burial ground. The grave goods are rather poor and typical for mountain Caucasian culture of the late middle ages. In adult burials found clothes, shoes, belts, headwear, belts; women's jewelry; the men's knives, whetstones. In most children's burials, only chicken eggs are found to the left of the head, or there is no burial equipment at all. Children's funerals account for almost 50% of the total number of excavated graves.

scholarly journals THE SPECIFICITY OF THE CERAMIC COMPLEXES ISOLATED BURIAL GROUPS NO. 1-4 NORTHERN SECTION OF THE PALACE SYRTSOVA BURIAL GROUND (EXCAVATIONS 1982-1985)

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 435-470
Author(s):  
Ludmila B. Gmyrya ◽  
Yusup A. Magomedov
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Composition ◽  
Burial Ground ◽  
Funeral Rites ◽  
Funeral Rite ◽  
Factors Analysis ◽  
Entire Collection ◽  
The Social ◽  
Ceramic Vessels ◽  
Burial Mounds

The article deals with the specifics of the ceramic collection of 4 separate groups of burials (№1-4) of the Northern section of the Palace-Syrt burial ground of the IV–V centuries (hereinafter – the Northern Palace-Syrt), the excavations of which were carried out in 1982-1985. the Purpose of the study is to identify the features of this ceramic complex and to compare the data with the available results of the classification of ceramics of the barrow groups of the southern section of the burial ground (hereinafter – the southern Palace-Syrt), which was studied in 2009-2016.Separate burial mounds are essentially closed collective burial complexes connected by common social factors. Analysis of materials, such as certain groups of graves, and the comparative parsing of the entire series of mound groups located in the same area of the burial ground (planigraphy burials, funeral rites, especially the inventory, etc.), allows to determine in the burial traditions of the manifestations of the social structure of the population, and to identify common and particular in the ethnic composition of a large Union of tribes. The method of step analysis of the ceramic collection of burial mounds groups used in this work: burial – group of burials – group of burials of a separate certain area of the burial ground – group of burials of 2 sites of the burial ground, tested on the materials of the southern Palace-Syrt. It allows us to record both the General trends in the formation of the ceramic complex among the socially distinguished population, and to identify the principles of creating a clothing component of the funeral rite of the population. The authors give the characteristics of the sets of ceramics of each of the groups of burials of the Northern Palace-Syrt, on the basis of which a summary classification of the entire collection of ceramics is carried out. According to the authors ' conclusion, in the barrow groups №1-4 of the Northern Palace-Syrt there was no typological monotony of ceramic vessels, both in the sets of dishes of individual burial groups.

scholarly journals Dromos burials of the saka time in the Nazar site (Central Kazakhstan)

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-93
Author(s):  
Arman Ziyadenovich Beisenov
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Complex Structure ◽  
Burial Ground ◽  
New Materials ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Cultural Traditions ◽  
Funeral Rite ◽  
The People ◽  
Burial Grounds

In recent years, numerous new sites of Tasmola culture have been studied. New materials significantly supplement the existing ideas about the culture of the population of Central Kazakhstan of Saka era. The present article focuses on three monuments of the early Saka time studied by the author in the Nazar site in Central Kazakhstan. This kurgan with stone ridges Nazar and two other kurgans compose the burial ground Nazar-2. The monument is located in the Karaganda region, which is geographically an eastern part of the Kazakh hills. In addition to the studied objects on the coast of the river Nazar, there are three unexplored burial grounds of the Saka era. All structures of these burial grounds, including those which have not been excavated yet, can be combined by common external features. As a result of excavations graves with dromos oriented to the east were discovered in all three mounds. The diameters of the kurgans are 20-23 m, their height is 1,5-1,7 m. A bronze arrowhead of the early Saka type was found in kurgan 1 of the burial ground Nazar-2. Such monuments, which are characterized by a large size and complex structure, belong to the early stage of Tasmola culture - VIII-VI cc. BC. Three radiocarbon dates obtained on bone samples from mounds № 1 and № 2 of burial ground Nazar-2 in the laboratories of the Royal University of Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom and the University of Miami, USA do not contradict that. According to the author, such detail of the funeral rite as dromos oriented to the east, can be genetically traced back to the cultural traditions of the people of the late Bronze Age in Central Kazakhstan. Tasmola culture of Central Kazakhstan was opened in 1960. New materials largely complement the existing ideas about this culture.

MOUNDS OF THE ELITE OF THE LATE ANTIQUITY AND THE MIDDLE AGES IN THE SOUTH OF KULUNDA (NECROPOLIS OF THE VOLCHIKHINSKY DISTRICT OF THE ALTAI TERRITORY)

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 116-125
Author(s):  
FROLOV Ya. ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
Late Antiquity ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Border Zone ◽  
Burial Ground ◽  
The South ◽  
Large Group ◽  
Burial Grounds ◽  
The Middle Ages

The Volchikhinsky District of the Altai Territory is located in the southern part of the Kulunda Plain. This territory is the border zone of the southern Kulunda and the Priobskoye plateau. Most of the region is a steppe zone. This area is plowed. A large group of burial grounds of the elite of antiquity and the Middle Ages is concentrated in the Volchikhinsky district. It belongs to a large group of burial grounds with large mounds in the southern part of Kulunda. The Volchikha group includes 17 burial grounds. These are such necropolises as Pyatkov Log-I, Solonovka-I, Vostrovo-I, III. The most grandiose grave structures were found at the Pyatkov Log-I burial ground. They reach 90-100 m in diameter. These are large burial mounds 6 m high. They are surrounded by a wide ditch and rampart. To the south of this burial ground on the border of the northwestern foothills of Altai in the Aleiskaya steppe, a similar monument, Bugry, was investigated. This necropolis dates back to the end of the Scythian-Saka time. The mounds of the Pyatkov Log-I burial ground and most of the other elite mounds of the Volchikhinsky region also belong to this period. Keywords: Altai Territory, barrow group, "elite" burial structures, early Iron Age, Scythian-Saka time, Kulunda, Priobskoe plateau

scholarly journals A recently discovered Jurchen burial ground in Primorye

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 109-119
Author(s):  
N. G. Artemieva
Keyword(s):  
Far East ◽  
Archaeological Site ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
Burial Ground ◽  
Funeral Rites ◽  
Religious Buildings ◽  
Jin Dynasty ◽  
The Far East ◽  
The Village ◽  
Burial Grounds

Purpose. The Manchus’ ancestors, the Jurchen people who established the Jin Dynasty (1115-1234) and the Eastern Xia State (1215-1233) on the territory of the Far East, constructed many sites dated back to those periods in Primorye. Mostly, the sites are walled town, settlements and religious buildings. Up to the present day, the Jurchen burial grounds have remained a highly disputable issue and require more detailed descriptions and more accurate dating. Such a burial ground was found 2 km southeast from the village of Novitskoye in the Partizansky District of Primorye. In the article, we analyze and date the artifacts discovered. Results. The archaeological site is located on the creek valley that is 600 m wide extending from the east to the west. The burial ground is located in a deep mountain glen closed on three sides. Fifteen platform-based graves were excavated there. We have determined that all the bodies buried there had been cremated. The ash was put into a ceramic or wooden urn and then placed onto a flat stone on the bottom of the burial pit. After that, the urn was covered with another flat stone and some wooden pieces. One of the graves was constructed on a high basement decorated with two rows of stones. A «devitalized» (embowed) sword was put over the quiver with eleven arrowheads and some remains of bone dust found on the southwestern side of the basement. A grave house made of river gravels, stones or roofing tiles was erected over the grave. Then the pieces of wood were burnt, all the graveside decorations were covered up with soil. As a result, the grave turned into a small mound. We compared the funeral rites and the constructive features of the burial ground in Novitskoye to those of the previously excavated sites and discovered certain similarities in the cremation rituals and some differences in details of the burial constructions. Conclusion. The burial ground of Novitskoye gives archaeologists an opportunity to outline a more comprehensive concept of the Jurchen funeral traditions of the XII–XIII centuries and associate them with the Buddhist funeral ceremony. It was done by determining the ceremonial features, researching the burial constructions excavated and analyzing their chronological and social contexts.

scholarly journals Research by S. M. Sergeev at the burial complex near the village Maima-Chergachak

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 132-137
Author(s):  
S. S. Radovsky ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Burial Ground ◽  
The West ◽  
Funeral Rite ◽  
The Right ◽  
High Degree ◽  
The Village ◽  
Burial Grounds ◽  
Grave Goods

The article presents the results of the work of S. M. Sergeev at the burial complex near the village. Maima. In 1934, after being transferred to the Oirot Regional Museum, the researcher unearthed two mounds of the Scythian-Saka period at this burial ground. According to the characteristics of the funeral rite and grave goods, the necropolis under consideration, with a high degree of probability, belongs to the Bystryan culture of the northern foothills of Altai. Currently, on the right bank of the Katun, in the vicinity of the designated village, three burial grounds of the community under consideration(Maima VI, VII, XIX) are known, however, all of them are located east of the Chuisky tract,while the indicated monument is located to the west of it. Perhaps S. M. Sergeev recorded another burial ground of the Bystryanskaya culture, which is now not preserved, located on the territory of the Maiminsky archaeological complex.

scholarly journals Painted Astragals of the Bronze Age (Kyrykungir burial ground, East Kazakhstan)

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (35) ◽  
pp. 232-246
Author(s):  
Ulan U. Umitkaliev ◽  
◽  
Oleg A. Mitko ◽  
Liudmila V. Lbova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Bronze Age ◽  
Wild Species ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Burial Ground ◽  
Funeral Rites ◽  
East Kazakhstan ◽  
Archaeological Cultures ◽  
The Bronze Age

The publication presents materials of the funeral necropolis Kyrykungir (East Kazakhstan), in which two sets of astragals with traces of coloring pigments were discovered. The design of the burials accompanying the inventory and the general archaeological context allows dating these objects from the 12th to 13th centuries BC. Data from archaeozoological analysis and SEM-EDX analysis of the painted surface of objects (alchiks) are present in the paper. The species composition of animals has been established, demonstrating a combination of astragals of both domestic and wild species. A diverse chemical composition of paints with which objects were covered, as well as cases of renewal of staining, was revealed. In the initial version, individual astragals could belong to population with different traditions of making paints, possibly from different regions. The results allow us to offer a different point of view on the phenomenon of the presence of alchiks in archaeological cultures. The range of interpretations of astragals (alchiks) finds implies not only understanding them as elements of game traditions, but also designating their complex social and cultural role in the funeral rites of the population of Eurasia in the Bronze Age.

NEW RESULTS OF THE RESEARCH ONTO THE EARLY IRON AGE BURIAL MOUNDS AT THE KHANKAISKY DOL BURIAL GROUND

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 181-188
Author(s):  
DASHKOVSKIY P. ◽  
◽  
OZHIGANOV A. ◽  
SAVKO I. ◽  
Shershneva E. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iron Age ◽  
Gold Foil ◽  
Burial Mound ◽  
Burial Ground ◽  
State University ◽  
Funeral Rite ◽  
Pazyryk Culture ◽  
State Pedagogical ◽  
Burial Grounds ◽  
Northern Wall

The article presents the results of the study of mounds N26 and N33 at the Khankarinsky Dol burial ground, located in the Krasnoshchekovsky district ofthe Altai Territory. The excavations were carried out by the Krasnoshchekovskaya archaeological expedition of Altai State University with the participation of students of the Barnaul State Pedagogical University. As a result of the excavations, it was revealed that both mounds had been robbed, which makes their chronological attribution difficult. At the same time, the inventory in the form of fragments of gold foil was found only in mound No. 33. Recorded during the excavation of mound No. 33 features of the burial rite is the position of the deceased on his right side, facing to the East, accompanying burial of the horse along the Northern wall of the grave, ritual food, have certain analogies to previously explored objects of the Pazyryk culture on the necropolis Khankarinsky Dol and the nearby burial grounds Inskoy Dol and Chineta-II. In addition, such signs of the funeral rite find parallels with similar indicators for the sites of the Pazyryk period excavated in the Central and South-Eastern Altai. Mound No. 26, taking into account the analysis of the burial structure, the eastern orientation of the deceased, the presence of ritual meat food, the location next to the chain of mounds of the Pazyryk culture, gives reason to tentatively attribute it to the Scythian-Saka period. Keywords: funeral ceremony, Scythian-Saka period, burial mound, altai, artifacts

scholarly journals RESEARCHS OF KURGANS No. 33 AND 34 AT THE BURIAL GRAVE OF TAUSAMALY

2021 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Umarkhojiyev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Similar Type ◽  
Entire Group ◽  
Burial Ground ◽  
Archaeological Research ◽  
State Farm ◽  
Funeral Rites ◽  
Field Season ◽  
The Republic ◽  
New Research ◽  
Burial Grounds

The article presents the materials of archaeological research carried out in the field season of 2020 in the Aksu district, Almaty region of the Republic of Kazakhstan, by the employees of the Archaeological Expedition LLP. The works were carried out on mounds 33 and 34 of the Tausamaly burial ground. The burial ground consists of more than 80 embankments and occupies the entire alluvial cone of the Aksu River. The planigraphy of the burial ground, the construction of embankments, specific non-burial structures and the presence of a Pazyryk appearance on the northern outskirts of the monument (emergency excavations in 2019) made it possible to attribute the Tausamals to the Late Pazyryk type. As a result of new research, burials in stone boxes, on the back, with their heads in the northwestern sector, were revealed under the mounds of the mounds. Accompanying inventory and funeral rites allow the monuments to be dated to the end of the 1st millennium BC. Analogies are found in a small group of burials in stone and wooden boxes on the territory of Zhetysu. A similar type is found scattered among the mounds of the Sako-Usun time in the burial grounds of Kadyrbai III, at the Chilik tobacco state farm, Kzyl-Espe and others dating from the 4th century. BC. until the IV century. AD Newly examined burials in boxes supplement the available data, and their finding in a burial ground with pronounced Pazyryk features makes it possible to establish links for the entire group with the burial traditions of the nomads of Sayan-Altai and Mongolia at the end of the 1st millennium BC. and the turn of the era.

scholarly journals Excavation at the Visyachiy Kamen-2 burial ground

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 169-174
Author(s):  
P. I. Shulga ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Burial Ground ◽  
Rare Type ◽  
Funeral Rite ◽  
Burial Mounds ◽  
The Village

In 2008 near the village of Novofirsovo (Kurinsky District, Altai Territory), two burial mounds (No 2, No 3) were accidentally excavated. Kurgan No. 2 was robbed in antiquity; the inventory was absent. However, the features of the funeral rite indicate that it was made near 7th-6th cent. BC. «Long» mound No 3 (15 m long and 47 m wide), was formed during the confluence of small mounds (made of stone and soil), and contained seven graves. Kurgan belongs to a rare type of Middle Ages burial structures, possibly of the Turkic time.

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