scholarly journals COVID-19 and Tactical Urbanism

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiffany Nicoli Faria Latalisa França ◽  
Teresa Cristina de Almeida Faria
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Citizen Participation ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Urban Mobility ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
Tactical Urbanism ◽  
Formal Tool ◽  
The Face ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Belo Horizonte

This work sought to reflect on urgent adjustments in public space in times of crisis from tactical urban interventions. For this, it elucidates protective measures related to the control of the COVID-19 pandemic, in particular under the aspects of urban mobility and civil engagement, using for this the case study of the implementation of temporary cycle lanes in the municipality of Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil. The methodology of this research was based on official publications made available electronically by the Municipality of Belo Horizonte and by the Company responsible for the transport and transit sector of Belo Horizonte (BHTRANS). In addition, this work was supported by publications available electronically from the Association of Urban Cyclists of Belo Horizonte (BH in Cycle) from 2012 to 2021. Based on the correlation between the material collected and the theoretical basis available on topics of interest to this research, the study aimed to discuss temporary and small-scale operations of the Tactical Urbanism type, implemented from the partnership between public authorities and civil society to ensure a safer urban mobility in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic during the year 2020 to date. The work highlights that the inclusion of Tactical Urbanism as a formal tool in urban planning can foster new local possibilities and immediate action strategies in the face of crises such as COVID-19, in addition to fostering citizen participation in decision-making processes about the city and its importance , guaranteeing basic rights such as moving safely.

scholarly journals Urban sidewalks, dysfunction and chaos on the projected floor. The search for accessible pavements and sustainable mobility

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clara Domiciano Fidalgo ◽  
Isabela Machado Santos ◽  
Caroline de A. Nogueira ◽  
Maria Clara Souza Portugal ◽  
Lídia Maria T. Martins
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Urban Mobility ◽  
Sustainable Mobility ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
Street Vendors ◽  
Public Areas ◽  
New Type ◽  
Reduced Mobility ◽  
The City

The pavements of the sidewalks are not simple roofs for the floor of cities. The correct specification and application of the materials not only guarantees the accessibility of this space, but also favors and enhances the urban mobility of pedestrians, the walkability, much defended by several professionals of urbanism. Have you stopped to observe the city we live in? The streets, the sidewalks and all of your public areas? Note the immense "invasion" of public space, making life on sidewalkssomething stimulating and interesting, by the enormous confusion implanted: kiosks, street vendors / street vendors, cars parked in a forbidden place and sometimes on the sidewalks, barbecues, holes, steps, obstacles, furniture and urban equipment very poorly located,results of the complete dysfunction ofthis space. The problem observed reflects the current dismay of people and public authorities in relation to accessibility, mobility and safety of people, especially those with reduced mobility,disabled or not. That said, this work objectives tofind a floor of easy installation and low cost that meets the principles of universalaccessibility, urban aesthetics and enhances the mobility of people in the city with autonomy and security. Based on an observational and photographic study of the sidewalks of the Pelinca neighborhood, together with a technical survey of existing sidewalks,the information obtained will be compared with the guidelines contained in the accessibility and urban mobility legislation in force, whether at the municipal, state and federal levels. The data extracted in the evaluation of existing floors, will provide subsidies, for the identification of a new type of pavement, contributing to the Public Power in the elaborationof booklets for the implementation and or adoption of guiding measures for the construction and reformulation of sidewalks, in the city of Campos dos Goytacazes

scholarly journals Sustainability, Disaster Risk Reduction and Climate Change Adaptation: Building from the Bottom Up – A South African Perspective from the Small-scale Fisheries Sector

2021 ◽  
pp. 151-181
Author(s):  
Merle Sowman ◽  
Xavier Rebelo
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
South Africa ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
National Level ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Small Scale Fisheries ◽  
The Face ◽  
Government Planning ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Policy Alignment

AbstractThis chapter explores the vulnerability context of coastal fishing communities, including the various factors that shape their capacity to cope with and adapt in the face of poverty and increasing threats associated with climate change and natural and human-induced disasters through the lens of small-scale fisheries (SSFs) in South Africa. South Africa has developed a suite of policies, strategies and laws to deal with commitments to sustainable development and address and manage climate change challenges and disaster risks. These national policies, however, are not well aligned or implemented in a coordinated and integrated manner. Nor are they attuned to the realities facing local communities. This chapter reports on work in coastal communities in South Africa that reveals the lack of policy alignment and limited coordination across government departments at all levels charged with oversight responsibilities for these endeavours. Findings suggest that incorporating local knowledge into local development and sector plans, as well as into sustainable development and sector-specific policies, strategies and plans at the national level, would enhance understanding of the realities on the ground and lead to policies, strategies and plans that are more harmonised and more likely to be supported and implemented. How this knowledge gets integrated both vertically and horizontally into formal government planning and decision-making processes, however, and leads to implementation of projects and plans that yield tangible results, remains a challenge.

scholarly journals From the urban project to the participative public space project: A historical approach.

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 67-82
Author(s):  
Samuel Esteban Padilla Llano
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Citizen Participation ◽  
Power Structures ◽  
Collective Work ◽  
Body Of Knowledge ◽  
Space Projects ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Space Project ◽  
Urban Project ◽  
Main City

This article makes a chronological tour of the main city-making models, from classic to current times, to arrive at the conclusion that citizen participation in decision-making processes on urban projects has ended up conditioning the current working models of the territory, particularly in terms of urban production. Despite the inconsistency between what the broad body of knowledge on cities (Lexis) establishes for the development of citizenship and the often defended and cited citizen rights, and the practice (praxis) of participation, we find that processes that are promoted as being inclusive and with a collective work approach end up becoming, either through omission, lack of knowledge, inexperience or despotism, models that conceal hierarchical power structures and that deny urban equity and justice in public space projects.

Classical Greek Oligarchy

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Simonton
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Political Institutions ◽  
Social Science Research ◽  
Science Research ◽  
Power Sharing ◽  
Majority Population ◽  
New Development ◽  
The Face ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Client Relations

This book thoroughly reassesses an important but neglected form of government in ancient Greece, the “rule of the few.” The book challenges scholarly orthodoxy by showing that oligarchy was not the default mode of politics from time immemorial, but instead emerged alongside, and in reaction to, democracy. It establishes how oligarchies maintained power in the face of potential citizen resistance. It argues that oligarchs designed distinctive political institutions—such as intra-oligarchic power sharing, targeted repression, and rewards for informants—to prevent collective action among the majority population while sustaining cooperation within their own ranks. To clarify the workings of oligarchic institutions, the book draws on recent social science research on authoritarianism. Like modern authoritarian regimes, ancient Greek oligarchies had to balance coercion with co-optation in order to keep their subjects disorganized and powerless. The book investigates topics such as control of public space, the manipulation of information, and the establishment of patron–client relations, frequently citing parallels with contemporary nondemocratic regimes. It also traces changes over time in antiquity, revealing the processes through which oligarchy lost the ideological battle with democracy for legitimacy. This book represents a major new development in the study of ancient politics. It fills a longstanding gap in our knowledge of nondemocratic government while greatly improving our understanding of forms of power that continue to affect us today.

INTEGRATED METHODOLOGY FOR TAKING INTO ACCOUNT THE VIEWS AND OPINONSOF INDIGENOUS PEOPLES IN THEIR INTERACTION WITH PUBLIC AUTHORITIES (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE YAMAL-NENETS AUTONOMOUS DISTRICT)

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 124-147
Author(s):  
Elena F. GLADUN ◽  
Gennady F. DETTER ◽  
Olga V. ZAKHAROVA ◽  
Sergei M. ZUEV ◽  
Lyubov G. VOZELOVA
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Citizen Participation ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Legal Issue ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
Autonomous District ◽  
Integrated Methodology ◽  
The World ◽  
Nenets Autonomous

Developing democracy institutions and citizen participation in state affairs, the world community focuses on postcolonial studies, which allow us to identify new perspectives, set new priorities in various areas, in law and public administration among others. In Arctic countries, postcolonial discourse has an impact on the methodology of research related to indigenous issues, and this makes possible to understand specific picture of the world and ideas about what is happening in the world. Moreover, the traditions of Russian state and governance are specific and interaction between indigenous peoples and public authorities should be studied with a special research methodology which would reflect the peculiarities of domestic public law and aimed at solving legal issue and enrich public policy. The objective of the paper is to present a new integrated methodology that includes a system of philosophical, anthropological, socio-psychological methods, as well as methods of comparative analysis and scenario development methods to involve peripheral communities into decision-making process of planning the socio-economic development in one of Russia’s Arctic regions — the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous District and to justify and further legislatively consolidate the optimal forms of interaction between public authorities and indigenous communities of the North. In 2020, the Arctic Research Center conducted a sociological survey in the Shuryshkararea of the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous District, which seems to limit existing approaches to identifying public opinion about prospects for developing villages and organizing life of their residents. Our proposed methodology for taking into account the views of indigenous peoples can help to overcome the identified limitations.

A Study on the Analytics Tool Used in Decision Making at Small and Medium Enterprise

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vivek N. Bhatt
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Business Intelligence ◽  
Small And Medium Enterprises ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Know How ◽  
Decision Making Styles ◽  
Routine Basis ◽  
Medium Enterprise ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Medium Enterprises

The article focuses on the study of prevailing decision making styles of Small Scale Industrial (SSI) Units. It presents data collected from 200 SSI units from Bhavnagar – a coastal city of Gujarat, India. The objective of writing the article is to depict heuristic decision patterns of small and medium enterprises, and the rare use of analytical or statistical business intelligence tools in decision making processes. It would be interesting to study the design of decision taken on routine basis in small units, poorly equipped with technology and technical know-how. The paper is descriptive in terms, and lays a lucid picture of present decision making processes.

Pop-Up Planning

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordon C.C. Douglas
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Aesthetic Experience ◽  
Public Spaces ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Cultural Value ◽  
Space Design ◽  
Creative Placemaking ◽  
Tactical Urbanism ◽  
Social Environmental ◽  
Public Space Design

Chapter 6 looks at the world of official urban planning and placemaking, providing different perspectives on its relationship to DIY urbanism. Through the voices of professional planners, the chapter explores their conflicted opinions on DIY approaches: criticizing their informality and emphasizing the importance of regulations and accountability for everything from basic functionality to social equity, yet sympathetic to do-it-yourselfers’ frustrations and often excited to adopt their tactics, harness their energy, and exploit their cultural value. The chapter then describes how some DIY projects have found pathways to formal adoption and inspired popular “tactical urbanism” and “creative placemaking” approaches to public space design. Many such interventions can result in innovative public spaces with social, environmental, and economic benefits. But the reproduction of an aesthetic experience selectively inspired by a hip grassroots trend and combined with “creative class” values can mark the resulting spaces themselves as elite and exclusionary.

scholarly journals Differentiating Participation: Identifying and Defining Civic Capacities Used by Latino Immigrants in Participatory Budgeting

2021 ◽  
pp. 153568412199347
Author(s):  
José W. Meléndez ◽  
Maria Martinez-Cosio
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Citizen Participation ◽  
Participatory Planning ◽  
Immigrant Community ◽  
Participatory Budgeting ◽  
Civic Discourse ◽  
Spanish Speaking ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Civic Skills ◽  
Budgeting Process

Participatory planning has faced challenges engaging predominantly Spanish-speaking immigrants beyond the bottom rungs of Arnstein’s ladder of citizen participation. Participating at any level of the ladder requires individual civic skills, or capacities, that are integral to participatory processes. However, the specific skills necessary for collective action are less certain, due in part to a lack of clear definitions and a lack of clarity about how these capacities work in practice. Drawing on two years of data from a participatory budgeting process in an immigrant community in Chicago, Illinois, the authors identify key civic capacities that Spanish-speaking immigrants activated while engaging in civic discourse, and they explore the role these capacities played in moving ideas toward collective decision making. The authors present an organizational schema that aligns the study’s findings of 17 unique civic capacities with capacities identified in the literature as helping participants engage more meaningfully in decision-making processes.

scholarly journals THE PENETRATION OF ENGINEERING BY ECONOMICS: McFADDEN AND THE TRANSFORMATION OF ROAD DEMAND ESTIMATION

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 262-278
Author(s):  
Ariane Dupont-Kieffer ◽  
Sylvie Rivot ◽  
Jean-Loup Madre
Keyword(s):  
Road Network ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
Demand Estimation ◽  
Demand Modeling ◽  
The Road ◽  
Collective Decisions ◽  
The Face ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
On The Road ◽  
The 1960S

The golden age of road demand modeling began in the 1950s and flourished in the 1960s in the face of major road construction needs. These macro models, as well as the econometrics and the data to be processed, were provided mainly by engineers. A division of tasks can be observed between the engineers in charge of estimating the flows within the network and the transport economists in charge of managing these flows once they are on the road network. Yet the inability to explain their decision-making processes and individual drives gave some room to economists to introduce economic analysis, so as to better understand individual or collective decisions between transport alternatives. Economists, in particular Daniel McFadden, began to offer methods to improve the measure of utility linked to transport and to inform the engineering approach. This paper explores the challenges to the boundaries between economics and engineering in road demand analysis.

scholarly journals Effect of infrastructure design on commons dilemmas in social−ecological system dynamics

2015 ◽  
Vol 112 (43) ◽  
pp. 13207-13212 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. Yu ◽  
Murad R. Qubbaj ◽  
Rachata Muneepeerakul ◽  
John M. Anderies ◽  
Rimjhim M. Aggarwal
Keyword(s):  
Design Feature ◽  
Irrigated Agriculture ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Qualitative Behavior ◽  
Central Feature ◽  
Social Ecological ◽  
Vital Functions ◽  
The Face ◽  
Design Characteristics ◽  
Shared Infrastructure

The use of shared infrastructure to direct natural processes for the benefit of humans has been a central feature of human social organization for millennia. Today, more than ever, people interact with one another and the environment through shared human-made infrastructure (the Internet, transportation, the energy grid, etc.). However, there has been relatively little work on how the design characteristics of shared infrastructure affect the dynamics of social−ecological systems (SESs) and the capacity of groups to solve social dilemmas associated with its provision. Developing such understanding is especially important in the context of global change where design criteria must consider how specific aspects of infrastructure affect the capacity of SESs to maintain vital functions in the face of shocks. Using small-scale irrigated agriculture (the most ancient and ubiquitous example of public infrastructure systems) as a model system, we show that two design features related to scale and the structure of benefit flows can induce fundamental changes in qualitative behavior, i.e., regime shifts. By relating the required maintenance threshold (a design feature related to infrastructure scale) to the incentives facing users under different regimes, our work also provides some general guidance on determinants of robustness of SESs under globalization-related stresses.

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