Effect of Five Commercial Probiotic Formulations on Candida Albicans Growth: In Vitro Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 315-322
Author(s):  
Liz Mariana Hernández-Bautista ◽  
Raúl Márquez-Preciado ◽  
Marine Ortiz-Magdaleno ◽  
Amaury Pozos-Guillén ◽  
Saray Aranda-Romo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Antagonistic Effect ◽  
Probiotic Bacteria ◽  
Commercial Preparation ◽  
Sabouraud Agar ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Commercial Probiotics ◽  
De Man

Purpose: The objective was to evaluate the antagonistic effect of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium recovered from five commercial probiotics on the growth of C. albicans. Study design: The Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium strains of five commercial probiotics were recovered and grown: Probio Hp+®, ProBiseis®, Lactipan®, Liolactil®, and Lacteol Fort®; 50 mg of each was hydrated and grown in Lactobacilli MRS (De Man, Rogosa and Sharpe) broth and incubated at 37°C with stirring (120 RPM) for 24 hours. Serial dilutions of 10−1 to 10−7 were made and viability was verified and quantified. For the antagonism tests, a suspension/inoculum of Lactobacillus strains recovered from each commercial preparation (4–30 × 109) and C. albicans ATCC 90028 (1.5–8 × 108) was prepared in MRS broth and incubated for 48 hours at 36°C, then plated on Dextrose Sabouraud Agar with Chloramphenicol and Rogosa Agar and the colony-forming units (CFU) were quantified. Additionally, viability was evaluated using the LIVE/DEAD® Yeast and Bacterial Viability kit. Results: The probiotic that produced the highest acidity of the medium was Lactipan®, followed by Probiseis® and Liolactil®, while Probio Hp+® showed the least change. Probiseis® was determined to have the highest growth of probiotic bacteria and the highest inhibition on C. albicans, followed by Lactipan®; Liolactil® and ProbioHp+® showed the least effect. In fluorescence tests, ProBiseis® showed the best effect, followed by Liolactil® and Lactipan®; Probio Hp+® had less of an effect. Conclusions: Two commercial products (ProBiseis and Lactipan) whose formulations have L. acidophilus, L. casei, L. rhamnosus, L. plantarum, B. infantis, and S. thermophilus have a greater inhibitory effect on C. albicans ATCC 90028

scholarly journals In Vitro Effect of Local Anesthetics onCandida albicansGerm Tube Formation

1994 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 193-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Acácio Rodrigues ◽  
Cidália Pina Vaz ◽  
A. Freitas Fonseca ◽  
J. Martinez de Oliveira ◽  
Henrique Barros
Keyword(s):  
Germ Tube ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Tube Formation ◽  
Vaginal Candidiasis ◽  
Sabouraud Agar ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Vitro Effect ◽  
Phosphate Buffered Saline ◽  
Dose Dependent

Objective:This study was planned to clarify the in vitro effect of lidocaine and bupivacaine on germ tube formation byCandida albicansisolates from cases of clinical vaginal candidiasis.Methods:FourteenC. albicansstrains (clinical vaginal isolates) were grown on Sabouraud agar for 24 h at 37℃ and tested as follows: 100 μl of a yeast suspension [105colony forming units (CFU)/ml of phosphate buffered saline (PBS)] was added to 500 μl of fresh human serum with lidocaine or bupivacaine (pure salts) in serial concentrations. The test was run in duplicate. Controls were prepared for each strain. After 4 h of incubation at 37℃, samples were taken from each vial and 200 yeasts were counted in a counting chamber. The pH of each suspension was measured.Results:The results are given as the mean of the 2 readings and are expressed as the percentage of blastoconidia with germ tubes/total blastoconidia.Conclusions:Our experiments show that both lidocaine and bupivacaine have a dose-dependent inhibitory effect, pH-independent, on germ tube formation byC. albicansand that both drugs seem to be promising in the treatment of genital candidiasis due to the combination of anesthetic and antifungal properties.

scholarly journals Cross-Contamination Risk of Dental Tray Adhesives: An In Vitro Study

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (20) ◽  
pp. 6138
Author(s):  
Isabel Paczkowski ◽  
Catalina S. Stingu ◽  
Sebastian Hahnel ◽  
Angelika Rauch ◽  
Oliver Schierz
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Artificial Saliva ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Cross Contamination ◽  
Sabouraud Agar ◽  
Liquid Samples ◽  
Streptococcus Oralis ◽  
Colony Forming Units

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the risk of cross-contamination in dental tray adhesives with reusable brush systems. Methods: Four dental tray adhesives with different disinfectant components were examined for risk as a potential transmission medium for Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus oralis, and Candida albicans. Bacterial and fungal strains were mixed with artificial saliva. The contaminated saliva was intentionally added to tray adhesive liquid samples. At baseline and up to 60 min, 100 microliters of each sample were collected and cultivated aerobically on Columbia and Sabouraud agar for 24 or 48 h, respectively. Results: At baseline, contamination with Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans could be identified in three out of four adhesives. In the subsequent samples, low counts of up to 20 colony-forming units per milliliter could be observed for Staphylococcus aureus. All other strains did not form colonies at baseline or subsequently. Adhesives with isopropanol or ethyl acetate as disinfectant additives were most effective in preventing contamination, while adhesives with hydrogen chloride or acetone as a disinfectant additive were the least effective. Conclusion: Within 15 min, the tested adhesives appeared to be sufficiently bactericidal and fungicidal against all microorganisms tested.

scholarly journals Effect of extracts of amazonian bee propolis on Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. passiflorae in the State of Pará-Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. e3719119464
Author(s):  
Daniel Santiago Pereira ◽  
Alessandra Keiko Nakasone ◽  
Luana Cardoso de Oliveira ◽  
Mozaniel Santana de Oliveira ◽  
Natanael Santiago Pereira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
The State ◽  
Passiflora Edulis ◽  
Average Growth ◽  
Xanthomonas Axonopodis ◽  
Propolis Extract ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Africanized Bees

The yellow passionfruit (Passiflora edulis Sims f. flavicarcarpa Deg.) is important culture in Brazilian Amazon agriculture, especially in the state of Pará. But its cultivation has been suffering the reduction of its areas and productivity due the diseases caused by bacteria, where chemical control, sometimes does not present the expected results. The propolis of Africanized bees (Apis mellifera L.)  is an important natural antibiotic for the control of undesirable microorganisms of plants and animals. The present work aimed at the in vitro study of the antibiotic activity of different propolis extracts of Africanized bees from two different locations in the state of Pará in the agent that causes the passionfruit bacterial blight (Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. passiflorae). A factorial analysis of three factors was performed: origin X solvent X concentration. It was verified that the concentrations of 0.5% were statistically superior to the others, with average growth inhibition power of 86%, and the propolis extract from an apiary in Santa Izabel do Pará, Pará, Brazil, obtained in ethanol at 80%, was statistically different and superior for the inhibitory effect of the growth of colony forming units (CFU) of X. axonopodis pv. passiflorae.

scholarly journals In vitro study on the effect of cornin on the activity of cytochrome P450 enzymes

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qun Zhang ◽  
Zengqiang Qu ◽  
Yanqing Zhou ◽  
Jin Zhou ◽  
Junwei Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cytochrome P450 ◽  
Drug Interaction ◽  
Liver Microsomes ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Cytochrome P450 Enzymes ◽  
Drug Drug Interaction ◽  
Dose Dependent

Abstract Background Cornin is a commonly used herb in cardiology for its cardioprotective effect. The effect of herbs on the activity of cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYP450s) can induce adverse drug-drug interaction even treatment failure. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the effect of cornin on the activity of CYP450s, which can provide more guidance for the clinical application of cornin. Methods Cornin (100 μM) was incubated with eight isoforms of CYP450s, including CYP1A2, 2A6, 3A4, 2C8, 2C9, 2C19, 2D6, and 2E1, in pooled human liver microsomes. The inhibition model and corresponding parameters were also investigated. Results Cornin exerted significant inhibitory effect on the activity of CYP3A4, 2C9, and 2E1 in a dose-dependent manner with the IC50 values of 9.20, 22.91, and 14.28 μM, respectively (p < 0.05). Cornin inhibited the activity of CYP3A4 non-competitively with the Ki value of 4.69 μM, while the inhibition of CYP2C9 and 2E1 by cornin was competitive with the Ki value of 11.31 and 6.54 μM, respectively. Additionally, the inhibition of CYP3A4 by cornin was found to be time-dependent with the KI/Kinact value of 6.40/0.055 min− 1·μM− 1. Conclusions The inhibitory effect of cornin on the activity of CYP3A4, 2C9, and 2E1 indicated the potential drug-drug interaction between cornin and drugs metabolized by these CYP450s, which needs further investigation and validation.

Thrombin activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor (TAFI) affects fibrinolysis in a plasminogen activator concentration-dependent manner

2004 ◽  
Vol 91 (03) ◽  
pp. 473-479 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Guimarães ◽  
Dingeman Rijken
Keyword(s):  
Plasminogen Activator ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Retardation Factor ◽  
Clot Lysis ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Plasma Clot ◽  
Concentration Dependent Manner ◽  
Plasmin Inhibitor

SummaryTAFIa was shown to attenuate fibrinolysis. In our in vitro study, we investigated how the inhibitory effect of TAFIa depended on the type and concentration of the plasminogen activator (PA). We measured PA-mediated lysis times of plasma clots under conditions of maximal TAFI activation by thrombin-thrombomodulin in the absence and presence of potato carboxypeptidase inhibitor. Seven different PAs were compared comprising both tPA-related (tPA, TNK-tPA, DSPA), bacterial PA-related (staphylokinase and APSAC) and urokinase-related (tcu-PA and k2tu-PA) PAs. The lysis times and the retardation factor were plotted against the PA concentration. The retardation factor plots were bell-shaped. At low PA concentrations, the retardation factor was low, probably due to the limited stability of TAFIa. At intermediate PA concentrations the retardation factor was maximal (3-6 depending on the PA), with TNK-tPA, APSAC and DSPA exhibiting the strongest effect. At high PA concentrations, the retardation factor was again low, possibly due to inactivation of TAFIa by plasmin or to a complete conversion of glu-plasminogen into lys-plasminogen. Using individual plasmas with a reduced plasmin inhibitor activity (plasmin inhibitor Enschede) the bell-shaped curve of the retardation factor shifted towards lower tPA and DSPA concentrations, but the height did not decrease. In conclusion, TAFIa delays the lysis of plasma clots mediated by all the plasminogen activators tested. This delay is dependent on the type and concentration of the plasminogen activator, but not on the fibrin specificity of the plasminogen activator. Furthermore, plasmin inhibitor does not play a significant role in the inhibition of plasma clot lysis by TAFI.

scholarly journals Anti-Allergic Potential of Cinnamaldehyde via the Inhibitory Effect of Histidine Decarboxylase (HDC) Producing Klebsiella pneumonia

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (23) ◽  
pp. 5580
Author(s):  
Lorina I. Badger-Emeka ◽  
Promise Madu Emeka ◽  
Krishnaraj Thirugnanasambantham ◽  
Hairul Islam M. Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Mast Cell ◽  
Cell Activation ◽  
Histidine Decarboxylase ◽  
Cell Model ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Mast Cell Activation ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽  
Immunological Disorder

Allergy is an immunological disorder that develops in response to exposure to an allergen, and histamines mediate these effects via histidine decarboxylase (HDC) activity at the intracellular level. In the present study, we developed a 3D model of Klebsiella pneumoniae histidine decarboxylase (HDC) and analyzed the HDC inhibitory potential of cinnamaldehyde (CA) and subsequent anti-allergic potential using a bacterial and mammalian mast cell model. A computational and in vitro study using K. pneumonia revealed that CA binds to HDC nearby the pyridoxal-5′-phosphate (PLP) binding site and inhibited histamine synthesis in a bacterial model. Further study using a mammalian mast cell model also showed that CA decreased the levels of histamine in the stimulated RBL-2H3 cell line and attenuated the release of β-hexoseaminidase and cell degranulation. In addition, CA treatment also significantly suppressed the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6 and the nitric oxide (NO) level in the stimulated mast cells. A gene expression and Western blotting study revealed that CA significantly downregulated the expressions of MAPKp38/ERK and its downstream pro-allergic mediators that are involved in the signaling pathway in mast cell cytokine synthesis. This study further confirms that CA has the potential to attenuate mast cell activation by inhibiting HDC and modifying the process of allergic disorders.

Demineralization Inhibitory Effects of Highly Concentrated Fluoride Dentifrice and Fluoride Gels/Solutions on Sound Dentin and Artificial Dentin Caries Lesions in vitro

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Daniel Erdwey ◽  
Hendrik Meyer-Lueckel ◽  
Marcella Esteves-Oliveira ◽  
Christian Apel ◽  
Richard Johannes Wierichs
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Dentin Caries ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Amine Fluoride ◽  
Ph Cycling ◽  
Fluoride Dentifrice ◽  
Caries Lesions

<b><i>Objectives:</i></b> The aim of this in vitro study was to compare the demineralization inhibitory effect of gels/solutions used in combination with either standard or highly fluoridated dentifrices on sound dentin as well as on artificial dentin caries-like lesions. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Bovine dentin specimens (<i>n</i> = 240) with two different surfaces each (sound [ST] and artificial caries lesion [DT]) were prepared and randomly allocated to twelve groups. Weekly interventions during pH-cycling (28 days, 6 × 120 min demineralization/day) were: the application of gels/solutions containing amine fluoride/sodium fluoride (12,500 ppm F [ppm]; pH = 4.4; AmF); NaF (12,500 ppm; pH = 6.6; NaF1); NaF (12,500 ppm; pH = 6.3; NaF2); silver diamine fluoride (14,200 ppm; pH = 8.7; SDF); acidulated phosphate fluoride (12,500 ppm; pH = 3.8; APF), and no intervention (standard control; S). Furthermore, half of the specimens in each group were brushed (10 s; twice per day) with dentifrice slurries containing either 1,450 ppm (e.g., AmF<sub>1450</sub>) or 5,000 ppm (e.g., AmF<sub>5000</sub>). Differences in integrated mineral loss (ΔΔZ) and lesion depth (ΔLD) were calculated between values before and after pH-cycling using transversal microradiography. <b><i>Results:</i></b> After pH-cycling Ss showed significantly increased ΔZ<sub>DT</sub> and LD<sub>DT</sub> values, indicating further demineralization. In contrast, except for one, all groups including fluoride gels/solutions showed significantly decreased ΔZ<sub>DT</sub> values. Additional use of most fluoride gels/solutions significantly enhanced mineral gain, mainly in the surface area; however, acidic gels/solutions seemed to have negative effects on lesion depths. <b><i>Significance:</i></b> Under the present pH-cycling conditions the highly fluoridated dentifrice significantly reduced caries progression and additional application of nearly all of the fluoride gels/solutions resulted in remineralization. However, there was no difference in the remineralizing capacity of fluoride gels/solutions when used in combination with either standard or highly fluoridated dentifrices.

scholarly journals Inhibitory effect of Salvadora persica extract (Miswak) on collagen degradation in demineralized dentin: In vitro study

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 208-213
Author(s):  
Sahar Khunkar ◽  
Ilnaz Hariri ◽  
Ehab Alsayed ◽  
Amal Linjawi ◽  
Sawsan Khunkar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Collagen Degradation ◽  
Vitro Study ◽  
Salvadora Persica ◽  
Demineralized Dentin

scholarly journals Tigecycline Interferes with Fibrinogen Polymerization Independent of Peripheral Interactions with the Coagulation System

Antibiotics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Brandtner ◽  
Mirjam Bachler ◽  
Dietmar Fries ◽  
Martin Hermann ◽  
Jacqueline Ruehlicke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Difference ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Coagulation System ◽  
Mitochondrial Activity ◽  
Hepatic Cells ◽  
Spiked Plasma ◽  
Fibrin Network ◽  
Coagulation Tests

Tigecycline offers broad anti-bacterial coverage for critically ill patients with complicated infections. A described but less researched side effect is coagulopathy. The aim of this study was to test whether tigecycline interferes with fibrinogen polymerization by peripheral interactions. To study the effect of unmetabolized tigecycline, plasma of healthy volunteers were spiked with increasing concentrations of tigecycline. In a second experimental leg, immortalized human liver cells (HepG2) were treated with the same concentrations to test an inhibitory effect of hepatic tigecycline metabolites. Using standard coagulation tests, only the activated thromboplastin time in humane plasma was prolonged with increasing concentrations of tigecycline. Visualization of the fibrin network using confocal live microscopy demonstrated a qualitative difference in tigecycline treated experiments. Thrombelastometry and standard coagulation tests did not indicate an impairment of coagulation. Although the discrepancy between functional and immunologic fibrinogen levels increased in cell culture assays with tigecycline concentration, fibrinogen levels in spiked plasma samples did not show significant differences determined by functional versus immunologic methods. In our in vitro study, we excluded a direct effect of tigecycline in increasing concentrations on blood coagulation in healthy adults. Furthermore, we demonstrated a rapid loss of mitochondrial activity in hepatic cells with supra-therapeutic tigecycline dosages.

Inhibitory Effect of Resveratrol on the Pharmacokinetics of Ticagrelor in Vivo and Vitro

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng Wang ◽  
Xiao-Xia Hu ◽  
Ying-hui Li ◽  
Nan-Yong Gao ◽  
Guo-quan Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rat Liver ◽  
Liver Microsomes ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Rat Liver Microsomes ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Group B

This study was to evaluate the effect of resveratrol on the pharmacokinetics of ticagrelor in rats and the metabolism of ticagrelor in human CYP3A4 and liver microsomes. Eighteen Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups: group A (control group), group B (50mg/kg resveratrol), and group C (150mg/kg resveratrol ). After 30 minutes administration of resveratrol, a single dose of ticagrelor (18mg/kg) was administered orally. The vitro experiment was performed to examine the influence of resveratrol on ticagrelor metabolism in CYP3A4*1, human, and rat liver microsomes. Serial biological samples were assayed by validated UHPLC-MS/MS methods. In vivo study, the AUC and Cmax of ticagrelor in group B and C appeared to be significantly higher than the control group, while Vz/F and CLz/F of ticagrelor in group B and C were significantly decreased. In vitro study, resveratrol exhibited an inhibitory effect on CYP3A4*1, human and rat liver microsomes. The IC50 values of resveratrol were 56.75μM，69.07μM and 14.22μM, respectively. Our results indicated that resveratrol had a inhibitory effect on the metabolism of ticagrelor in vitro and vivo. It should be paid more attention to the clinical combination of resveratrol with ticagrelor and ticagrelor plasma concentration should be monitored to avoid the occurrence of adverse reaction.

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