scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF DEEP CRYOGENIC ON TENSILE STRENGTH AND IMPACT TOUGHNESS IN QUENCH TEMPERED STEEL PLATE AS A CANDIDATE FOR BALLISTIC RESISTANCE MATERIAL

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (6) ◽  
pp. 5467-5474
Author(s):  
HELMY PURWANTO ◽  
◽  
MOHAMMAD TAUVIQIRRAHMAN ◽  
MUHAMMAD DZULFIKAR ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Impact Toughness ◽  
Steel Plate ◽  
Cryogenic Treatment ◽  
Charpy Impact ◽  
Hardness Test ◽  
Medium Carbon Steel ◽  
Steel Plates ◽  
Deep Cryogenic Treatment ◽  
Ballistic Experiment

Ballistic resistant materials are materials containing right combination of hardness, strength, and toughness. The quench process produces high hardness and tensile strength but decreases toughness. The hardening process has been performed using an induction machine and a tempering process on a medium carbon steel plate. This work aimed to determine and analyze the effect of deep cryogenic treatment (DCT) on steel plates that have been quenched tempered. This research utilized steel plates of 130 x 130 x 8 mm size which has been quenched and then immersed in liquid nitrogen at a temperature of -196°C for 1, 5, 10, and 20 days. The micro Vickers hardness test specimen, tensile test and charpy impact test were made to determine the effect of immersion time. The test results and analysis showed that DCT had the ability to change microstructure, improve the hardness, tensile strength, and impact toughness. Furthermore, the maximum hardness was obtained during the immersion treatment of 20 days, which was 449.45 VHN and 1107.53 MPa, respectively. However, the highest toughness was obtained during the immersion of 10 days, which was 1,001 J/mm2. In order to get the optimal combination of ballistic characters, further ballistic testing is needed, both in simulation using the finite element method and ballistic experiment test.

scholarly journals Material Characterization of 316L Stainless Steel After Being Subjected To Cryogenic Treatment

2013 ◽  
pp. 156-160
Author(s):  
Mohd Touseef Nauman ◽  
S. Rasool Mohideen ◽  
Nasreen Kaleem
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
316L Stainless Steel ◽  
Impact Test ◽  
Cryogenic Treatment ◽  
Charpy Impact ◽  
Hardness Test ◽  
Charpy Impact Test ◽  
Deep Cryogenic Treatment ◽  
Shear Area

Post processing of materials is necessary to suit them for the intended requirements. The properties of stainless steel of grade 316L cannot be influenced with further processing such as hot working [1]. Thus the current study aims at investigating the properties of stainless steel of grade 316L after being subjected to deep cryogenic treatment. The specimens from both cryogenically treated and untreated conditions were subjected to Tensile Test, Charpy Impact Test, Rockwell Hardness Test, Microstructure and Percentage Shear Area Analysis and the results thus obtained are discussed in this paper. The results have shown that cryogenic treatment has improved the hardness and strength.

scholarly journals Experimental Study on Laser-MIG Hybrid Welding of Thick High-Mn Steel Plate for Cryogenic Tank Production

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 604
Author(s):  
Du-Song Kim ◽  
Hee-Keun Lee ◽  
Woo-Jae Seong ◽  
Kwang-Hyeon Lee ◽  
Hee-Seon Bang
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Yield Strength ◽  
Steel Plate ◽  
Weld Zone ◽  
Base Material ◽  
Hardness Test ◽  
Steel Plates ◽  
Hybrid Welding ◽  
Temperature Impact ◽  
Mn Steel

The International Maritime Organization has recently updated the ship emission standards to reduce atmospheric contamination. One technique for reducing emissions involves using liquefied natural gas (LNG). The tanks used for the transport and storage of LNG must have very low thermal expansion and high cryogenic toughness. For excellent cryogenic properties, high-Mn steel with a complete austenitic structure is used to design these tanks. We aim to determine the optimum welding conditions for performing Laser-MIG (Metal Inert Gas) hybrid welding through the MIG leading and laser following processes. A welding speed of 100 cm/min was used for welding a 15 mm thick high-Mn steel plate. The welding performance was evaluated through mechanical property tests (tensile and yield strength, low-temperature impact, hardness) of the welded joints after performing the experiment. As a result, it was confirmed that the tensile strength was slightly less than 818.4 MPa, and the yield strength was 30% higher than base material. The low-temperature impact values were equal to or greater than 58 J at all locations in the weld zone. The hardness test confirmed that the hardness did not exceed 292 HV. The results of this study indicate that it is possible to use laser-MIG hybrid welding on thick high-Mn steel plates.

Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of LR Grade a Thick Plate Welded by Double Side Gas Metal Arc Welding

2016 ◽  
Vol 851 ◽  
pp. 168-172
Author(s):  
Yustiasih Purwaningrum ◽  
Triyono ◽  
Tegar Rileh Argihono ◽  
Ryan Sutrisno
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Gas Metal Arc Welding ◽  
Charpy Impact ◽  
Hardness Test ◽  
Charpy Impact Test ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Steel Plates ◽  
Weld Metals ◽  
Metal Arc Welding

Mechanical and microstructure of double side weld with various angle groove was studied in this research. LR Gr A steel plates (12 mm thickness) were welded using GMAW with corresponding 180 A, 23 V, and 20 l/min respectively with current, voltage, and gas flow. Shielding gas and filler metals used are argon and ER 70S-6. The angle groove that used were 20⁰, 40⁰ and 60⁰. The measured of mechanical properties with regard to hardness, toughness and strength using, Vickers hardness test, Charpy impact test and tensile test respectively The microstructure examined with optical microscope. The results show that the highest hardness values found in welds with groove angle 40ͦ. The transition temperatures of weld metals are at temperatures between -20°C to 0°C. Weld metals with all variations of the groove angle has a value of less than 0.1 mmpy. Microstructure of base metals and HAZ were ferrite and pearlite. While the microstructure of weld metals are accicular ferrite, grain boundary ferrite and Widmanstatten ferrite.

Tensile Strength and Impact Toughness of Gallium-Bearing Near-α Titanium Alloys

2014 ◽  
Vol 783-786 ◽  
pp. 619-623 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomonrori Kitashima ◽  
K.S. Suresh ◽  
Y. Yamabe-Mitarai ◽  
S. Iwasaki
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Impact Toughness ◽  
Titanium Alloys ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Charpy Impact ◽  
Minor Effect ◽  
Future Design ◽  
Aspect Ratios ◽  
A Minor

The present study aims to quantify the properties of Ga-bearing near-titanium alloys in order to aid the future design of new compositions with Ga addition. The effect of different amounts of Sn and Ga, with an almost constant value in the Al equivalent without the formation of 2 phase, on microstructure, tensile strength and Charpy impact toughness was investigated at room temperature and 650°C. The microstructures after forging, hot rolling and heat treatment showed a bimodal structure. Increasing Ga decreased the 0.2% proof stress at 650°C. However, these alloys showed similar impact value at room temperature which was about 40 J/cm2. Increasing the amount of Ga increased the volume fraction of the equiaxed phase. The amount of Ga had only a minor effect on grain size, misorientation angles and grain aspect ratios of the alloy. However, Ga addition had a strong influence on the evolution of texture. Formation of <10-10> and <10-11> || normal direction (ND) fibers were observed in the Ga added samples, in addition to <0001> || ND fiber with a weak <10-11> || ND fiber. The Ga-free sample contained a strong <0001> || ND fiber. Other fibers were not observed.

scholarly journals ANALISA KEKUATAN WELDING REPAIR BAJA AISI 420 DENGAN METODA GMAW

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 297-306
Author(s):  
Cecep Slamet Abadi ◽  
Rosidi Rosidi ◽  
Idrus Assagaf
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Tensile Test ◽  
Test Object ◽  
Impact Test ◽  
Welding Process ◽  
Charpy Impact ◽  
Hardness Test ◽  
Test Material ◽  
Aisi 420 ◽  
The Impact

Welding technology is used because besides being easy to use, it can also reduce costs so it is cheaper. Especially for welding repair. From the welding repair the extent to which the strength of GMAW welds can repair components from the molded plastic mold room made of AISI 420 stainless steel. Repair of the print room components using deposit welding is tested using tensile strength and hardness as realization of resistance when holding the rate of liquid plastic entering the print room by 25 to 40 MPa, depending on the plastic viscosity, the precision of the mold and the filling level of the print room. Deposition welding method as a welding repair can affect a procedure to be able to produce a component that is safe and capable of being used in accordance with the provisions. The welding process used is reverse polarity GMAW DC with 125 A current and ER 70 S welding wire diameter 1.2 mm. Test material AISI 420. Tests carried out were tensile test, impact test and hardness test in weld metal, HAZ and base metal. From the Charpy impact test and tensile test obtained the value of welding strength which is close to the strength of the complete object, which is equal to 65%. The energy absorbed by the impact test object with GMAW welding is 5.4 Joule while for the whole test object is 8.1 Joule. The welding tensile strength is 520 MPa compared to the tensile tensile strength of 820 MPa.

Improved Workability of Diameter-Enlarged Process for S35C through Quenching and Tempering Heat Treatment

2019 ◽  
Vol 943 ◽  
pp. 26-33
Author(s):  
Xia Zhu ◽  
Keiji Ogi ◽  
Nagatoshi Okabe
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Charpy Impact ◽  
Hardness Test ◽  
Charpy Impact Test ◽  
Medium Carbon Steel ◽  
Medium Carbon ◽  
Treatment Conditions ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Deformation Speed ◽  
Quenching And Tempering

The hardness test, Charpy impact test, and axial expansion experiment were performed on a medium carbon steel S35C specimen typically used for shaft materials after first subjecting it to quenching and tempering heat treatment under different heating temperatures/time conditions. The effect of the tempering conditions on the mechanical properties of the specimen and the limit of the diameter-enlarged ratio used for evaluating the workability of the partial diameter-enlarged were investigated. The summary of the results are as follows: after quenching at 880 °C, a fine troostite or sorbite structure was obtained under all heat treatment conditions at heating temperatures of 550 °C to 675 °C, and heating times of 0.5 h to 1.5 h. An improvement was shown in the limit of the diameter-enlarged ratio because the quenching and tempering heat treatment led to an increase in the Charpy impact value/ductility as well as a reduction in the hardness, tensile strength, and yield strength; the partial diameter-enlarged process could be performed on the heat treated material at almost the same deformation speed as a cold-drawn material with a much lower axial pressure; it was possible to estimate the diameter-enlarged deformation behavior using the tempering parameter M. We confirmed that the quenching tempering heat treatment performed in this study facilitates the improvement of the workability of the diameter-enlarged.

Effects of Rolling Process on Microstructure and Yield Ratio in a High Strength Building Steel Plate

2013 ◽  
Vol 631-632 ◽  
pp. 637-642
Author(s):  
Tao Xiong ◽  
Hong Wei Yu ◽  
Shi Sen Wang ◽  
Han Xiong Dong ◽  
De Fa Li
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Steel Plate ◽  
Interlamellar Spacing ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Rolling Process ◽  
Area Ratio ◽  
Yield Ratio ◽  
Steel Plates ◽  
Refined Grains ◽  
Iron And Steel

The microstructures have been investigated in steel plates with different rolling processes to find the reasons of yield ratio overseted standard in few high strength building steel plates produced in Echeng Iron and Steel Corporation. The effects of rolling path, rolling path depress ratio on microstructure and properties. Some reasons of yield ratio overseted standard have been analyzed. The results show that decreasing rolling paths and increasing depress ratio refined grains but unchanged area ratio and interlamellar spacing of pearlite. Yield strength excessively increased but tensile strength unchanged increased yield ratio. So, excellent properties can be obtained by applying the optimization process.

scholarly journals Investigation of machinability characteristics on C45 steel with cryogenically treated M2 HSS tool using statistical technique

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. A5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Santosh Kumar ◽  
Mohammed Riyaz Ahmed ◽  
Lokesha M ◽  
Manjunath LH
Keyword(s):  
Cutting Tool ◽  
Flank Wear ◽  
Cryogenic Treatment ◽  
Statistical Technique ◽  
Medium Carbon Steel ◽  
Machining Parameters ◽  
Deep Cryogenic Treatment ◽  
Medium Carbon ◽  
Microstructure Morphology ◽  
Parameters Analysis

The machining industries always eye on increasing hardness and reducing the friction at the cutting tool–workpiece interface to reduce flank wear, thereby enhancing the tool life. The present study investigates the effect of deep cryogenic treatment (DCT) on the behavior of M2 HSS tool in turning of C45 medium carbon steel. The tool is double tempered and is tested for hardness and flank wear. The power consumption is also analyzed in the process with a focus on green machining. While Taguchi's L 27 orthogonal array (OA) is used to study the main interaction effect of all machining parameters, analysis of variance (ANOVA) and signal to noise (S/N) ratio are used for analysis of experimental outcomes. The study reveals that DCT has enhanced the hardness of HSS tool by 14.9%, while speed and feed were the dominating factors on the flank wear. Microstructure morphology using SEM is also discussed.

scholarly journals The Effects of Transient Temperature around Welds on Mechanical Properties of A36 Steel Plate

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Jufri
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Steel Plate ◽  
Welding Process ◽  
Hardness Test ◽  
Production Quality ◽  
Transient Temperature ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
A36 Steel ◽  
Thermal Tensioning

There are various ways for welding experts to improve their production quality, and one of which is by designing a particular type of welding tool. Besides aiming to replace the function of operator’s body parts, the tool is also able to control buckling distortions, crack propagations, and stress voltage, as well as to save an additional work, which is the heat treatment after welding process. The best method to control buckling distortions from the thin plate is by applying pre-heating and thermal tensioning. Thermal tensioning is the characterization by heat application during welding process. Transient thermal tensioning is a supporting tool around the weld which is given periodical heat by following the movement of arc welding. The purpose of this research was to minimize distortions and maximize the performance (mechanical properties) of welding joints shaped due to the transient temperature application during the welding process. The method employed in this research was experiment by using A36 steel plate with transient temperature variation of 100, 200, and 300oC, with velocity of 8 mm/s and heater (toutch) distance of 4, 6, and 8 cm. In this research, the researcher conducted tensile-strength test according to the JIS G 3101 standard and hardness test around weld, HAZ (Heat Affected Zone), and parent metal.The findings showed that the change of transient temperature and heater distance affected the mechanical properties (hardness and tensile strength) of A36 steel. The highest level of hardness was obtained in the temperature of 200°C and heater distance of 6 cm, which was as much as 404 VHN. The highest level of tensile strength was obtained in the temperature of 200°C and heater distance variation of 8 cm with yield stress of 302 Mpa and maximum tensile strength of as much as 491 Mpa.

scholarly journals Effect of Cryogenic Treatment on Mechanical Properties of AISI 4340 and AISI 4140 Steel

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 755-766
Author(s):  
Abdul Rauf Rauf Jamali ◽  
Waseem Khan ◽  
Ali Dad Chandio ◽  
Zubai Anwer ◽  
Muhammad Hayat Jokhio
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Cryogenic Treatment ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Micro Structure ◽  
Deep Cryogenic Treatment ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Aisi 4140 ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Aisi 4340

From last epoch till to date, AISI 4340 and AISI 4140 have been widely used in different engineering applications. These applications include bolt, screws, gears, drive shafts, crane shaft and piston rods for engines due to its upright mechanical properties, cost-effective and easily available in market. In present work, deep cryogenic treatment effect on the mechanical properties of AISI 4340 and AISI 4140 have been studied. Present work was carried out at laboratory scale and can be extended for mass production. Our work is simple, straight forward safe and economical. In our work, samples were heat treated in simple muffle furnace and followed by cryogenic treatment in liquid nitrogen. Before cryogenic treatment, all samples were normalized at 860°C to obtain homogenized micro structure. Samples were also compared conventionally heat treatment with quenched in oil quenchant. Experimental results showed that after cryogenic treatment with tempering treatment, one could easily increase the tensile strength, impact toughness and hardness. Advanced optical microscopy (IMM 901) and SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy), FIT Quanta 200 methods have also been deployed to reveal and interpret the internal structure of samples. It was found from micro structure that cryogenic treated sample increases the impact strength, hardness and tensile strength as compared conventional heat treated quenching approaches.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document