scholarly journals Assessment of Groundwater Quality for Irrigation on the Bank of Noyyal River at Tiruppur, Tamil Nadu, India

2015 ◽  
Vol 57 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Zahir Hussain ◽  
K.M. Mohamed Sheriff
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Sodium Adsorption Ratio ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Residual Sodium Carbonate ◽  
Permeability Index ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Kelly’S Ratio

Tiruppur is a textile city located on the banks of Noyyal River a tributary of the River Cauvery. Twenty groundwater samples were collected in identical locations from bore wells. The concentrations of physicochemical parameters of pH, Electrical Conductivity (EC), Total Hardness (TH), Ca, Mg, Na, K, HCO3, SO4, Cl and NO3 were analyzed. The results of the concentrations were interpreted and measured with different irrigation indexes like Percent Sodium (%Na), Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR), Residual Sodium Carbonate (RSC), Permeability Index (PI), Kelly’s Ratio (KR), CAI-1 and CAI-2 were analyzed.

scholarly journals Assessment of irrigation water qualities of Abak River, Abak, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-144
Author(s):  
E.A. Udom ◽  
A.E. Ekpo ◽  
S.I. Oluka
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Sodium Bicarbonate ◽  
River Water ◽  
Sodium Adsorption Ratio ◽  
Residual Sodium Carbonate ◽  
Permeability Index ◽  
Sodium Percentage ◽  
Kelly’S Ratio ◽  
Magnesium Adsorption Ratio

Irrigated agriculture is dependent on an adequate water supply of usable quality. Since water quality is very important for any intended use, the Abak River water which is used for irrigation by the Cross River Basin Development Authority and the rural communities around the river bank was assessed for irrigation purposes. The River water samples were assessed for four months (from November, 2016 to February, 2017 for its irrigation water qualities. The water samples were analyzed for major cations: Na+, Ca2+,K+,Mg2+ and anions: Cl-, SO42-, HCO3-, CO32- and NO3.The important constituents that influence the water quality for irrigation such as Electrical Conductivity (EC), Total Dissolved Solid (TDS), Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR), Magnesium Adsorption Ratio (MAR), Permeability Index (PI), Kelly’s Ratio (KR), Residual Sodium Bicarbonate (RSBC), Soluble Sodium Percentage (SSP), (RSC) Residual Sodium Carbonate and Potential Salinity (PS) were assessed and compared with standard limits. The values of Sodium Adsorption Ratio (0.4 to 0.64), Soluble Sodium Percentage (28.16 to 34.68%), Residual Sodium Bicarbonate (2.82 to 3.15 meq/L), Permeability Index (3.20 to 3.98%), Magnesium Adsorption Ratio (77.78 to 87.59%), Kelly’s Ratio (0.13 to 0.161 meq/L), Electrical Conductivity (20.5 to 22.5 μs/cm), Total Dissolved Solids (10.20 to 12.60 Mg/l) Residual Sodium Carbonate (0.298 to 0.8 meq/L) and Potential Salinity (1.09 – 1.358 meq/L) were found to be within the safe limits and thus suitable for irrigation purposes, except MAR which is above 50% the safe limit. The river water will thus cause neither salinity hazard nor has an adverse effect on the soil properties of the study area or on crops.Keywords: Abak River, Water Quality Irrigation, Parameters, Assessment

scholarly journals A Study of Groundwater Characteristics by Using of Groundwater Quality Index and Pollution Index in Zubair District, Basra Province, Iraq

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-26
Author(s):  
Ammar S. Dawood ◽  
Mushtak T. Jabbar ◽  
Mudhar H. Gatea ◽  
Hayfaa J. Al-Tameemi
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Calcium Nitrate ◽  
Pollution Index ◽  
Total Dissolved Solids ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Dissolved Solids ◽  
Groundwater Quality Index ◽  
Groundwater Samples

Abstract The present work evaluated the groundwater quality index (GWQI) depending on some physicochemical analyses of thirteen groundwater samples in the Zubair district in Basra Province, Iraq. The collected groundwater samples were subjected to an extensive physicochemical analysis to evaluate the characteristics of water for drinking purpose according to Iraqi standard. For calculating the (GWQI), twelve water quality parameters were considered; turbidity, pH, chloride, total dissolved solids, total hardness (TH), electrical conductivity (EC), sodium, sulphate, phosphate, calcium, nitrate, and magnesium. The analysis of the results reveals that all the samples surpassed the portability of drinking water limits. High values of the (GWQI) in the obtained groundwater samples could possibly be caused by the higher values of electrical conductivity, total hardness, chloride, total dissolved solids and sodium within the groundwater. The calculated GWQI values ranged from 73.36 to 595.92. The pollution index (PI) was calculated for the study area with values ranged from 2.97 to 8.26. Correlation coefficients amongst the chosen water parameters exhibited some strong relationships. Finally, the analysis shows that the groundwater in this particular area needs to be treated before its consumption, and in addition, it usually needs to avoid the hazard of contamination. Principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis (CA) indicate that the acquiring-data from groundwater samples are explained 90.5 % of the variance in the data with a four-component system that explains a large portion of the total variance of collected data.

scholarly journals Groundwater Quality Assessment for Irrigation in Madhavaram

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3.34) ◽  
pp. 72
Author(s):  
D Sivakumar ◽  
S Govindasami ◽  
B Raghul Raj ◽  
C Gowdham ◽  
V M. Ragothaman
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Sodium Adsorption Ratio ◽  
Groundwater Quality Assessment ◽  
Low Sodium ◽  
Groundwater Aquifers ◽  
Irrigation Purpose ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Kelly’S Ratio ◽  
Dominance Pattern

The study focused to assess the groundwater in Madhavaram, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, for irrigational purposes. Irrigation indices like SAR, SSP, PI and KR was determined in each groundwater sample to identify its irrigational suitability. This study further envisaged that these groundwater aquifers have low Sodium adsorption ratio and hence groundwater is fit for irrigation, while residual sodium bicarbonate and Kelly’s ratio values indicated that majority of these aquifer have water of marginal to harmful quality against irrigation. The dominance pattern of cations in the studied ground water was in the order of Na > Ca > Mg > K and the sequence of anionic dominance was as follows: Cl > HCO3 > SO4. All 20 wells fall under the excellent category of SAR. SSP values of groundwater range from 49 to 71 and indicated that 15 wells are under permissible and 5 wells are under doubtful classification.  PI value indicated that groundwater is unsuitable against irrigation.  The KR indicated that groundwater quality in 18 wells is not fit for irrigation.  Hence, necessary pre-treatment methodology is to be adopted for utilizing groundwater for irrigation purpose. 

scholarly journals Physicochemical Analysis of Ground Water Samples of South Coastal Areas of Kanniya kumari in the Post-Tsunami Scenario

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 116-121
Author(s):  
Krishna Arunachalam ◽  
Monikandon Sukumaran ◽  
Mohammad Tanveer ◽  
Kesavan Devarayan
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Ground Water ◽  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Total Dissolved Solids ◽  
Physicochemical Analysis ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Calcium Magnesium

In this study, the effect of ‘natural/self cleaning’ of ground water by precipitation after a decade of tsunami is evaluated along the coast of Kanniyakumari district, Tamil Nadu, India. The samples were collected from five stations namely Colachel, Muttom, Periyakadu, Manakudy, and Kanniyakumari. The physicochemical parameters such as turbidity, total dissolved solids, electrical conductivity, pH, alkalinity, total hardness, calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, chloride, and fluoride were evaluated and compared with the database of the pre-tsunami sample collected in 2004. The results indicated that the ‘natural cleaning’ has improved the quality of the ground water over the years after tsunami.

scholarly journals Groundwater quality evaluation for irrigation application in Mandsaur region, Madhya Pradesh, India

2006 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 159-164
Author(s):  
Vinita Kulshreshtha ◽  
Pramendra Dev
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Sodium Adsorption Ratio ◽  
Madhya Pradesh ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Irrigation Application ◽  
Low Sodium ◽  
Wilcox Diagram ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Dug Wells

The chemical analysis of 22 water samples collected from representative open dug-wells existing in the Mandsaur area of Madhya Pradesh, India, was carried out for evaluating the quality of irrigation water. For this purpose, its colour, odour, taste, pH, total hardness, electrical conductivity, ionic concentrations, and various other parameters were determined. The calculated values of per cent sodium, Kelley's ratio, sodium adsorption ratio, residual sodium carbonate and magnesium hazard indicate that except at a few places, the groundwater, in general, is suitable for irrigation. The sodium adsorption ratio and electrical conductivity values were plotted on the U.S. Salinity Diagram. The plots of these parameters indicate that 8 samples fall in CS type (Medium Salinity and Low Sodium hazards), and 14 samples belong to C type (High Salinity and Low Sodium hazards). In general, the groundwater is favourable for irrigation use. The values of electrical conductivity and sodium percentage determined in respect of groundwater samples of Mandsaur were also plotted on the Wilcox Diagram. Based on this diagram, 4 samples represent Excellent to Good categories, whereas 18 samples indicate Good to Permissible categories. Based on this classification the groundwater of Mandsaur area, in general, is suitable for irrigation application.

scholarly journals Assessment of Spatial Variation of Physicochemical Parameters of Groundwater in Some Communities of Yenagoa Metropolis

2021 ◽  
pp. 55-71
Author(s):  
Alfred Wilson Opukumo ◽  
Austin O. Oki
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Total Alkalinity ◽  
World Health ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Gis Technology ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Calcium Magnesium ◽  
Health Organization

Water is a basic need of life, and more so, potable water is critical for healthy living. Shallow boreholes are now popular as the main source of drinking water in the Yenagoa metropolis due to the contamination of surface water and rainwater caused by poor management of wastes and crude oil facilities in the area. However, there are concerns about variations in the quality of groundwater across communities in the Yenagoa metropolis. Thus, this study assesses the spatial variations of physicochemical parameters of groundwater samples from 50 boreholes in the area, and results compared with recommended standards prescribed by the World Health Organization (WHO). Parameters analyzed were pH, electrical conductivity (EC), salinity, total dissolved solids (TDS), nitrate, chloride, sulfate, total alkalinity (TA), total hardness (TH), calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, and iron. Global Information System (GIS) technology was adopted to present the groundwater quality in respect to each physicochemical parameter, in thematic maps. The maps showed that groundwater was slightly acidic in most communities in Central and Northern Yenagoa like Ekeki, Swali, Akaba, and Okolobiri. In communities like Ogbogoro, Ekeki, Azikoro and Yenegwe the EC was higher than the standard permissible value according to the WHO. A very high concentration of iron was observed across all communities except a few like Nedogo, Okolobiri, Tombia, Gbarantoru, Ayama, Famgbe, and Ikibiri having iron-free groundwater. Concentrations of TDS, calcium, magnesium, nitrates, sulfates, potassium, and sodium were within permissible limits across all communities. Communities like Ayama-Ijaw, Obololi, Ikibiri, Ikudu, Bomodi, Tombia, and Akaibiri had good groundwater while Ekeki, Famgbe, Yenaka, and Kpansia boast of excellent groundwater quality, and other areas had either poor or unsuitable groundwater for consumption. Treatment is recommended for parameters with higher concentrations than the standard value stipulated by the WHO.

scholarly journals GROUNDWATER QUALITY MODELING FOR SUITABILITY FOR IRRIGATION PURPOSES IN OIL PRODUCING AREAS OF KHANA AND GOKANA LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREAS OF RIVERS STATE, NIGERIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-52
Author(s):  
Nwankwoala, H.O ◽  
Amachree, T
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Permeability Index ◽  
Low Salinity ◽  
Low Sodium ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Moderate Salinity ◽  
Kelly’S Ratio ◽  
Magnesium Adsorption Ratio ◽  
Rivers State

This study is aimed at modeling groundwater quality for irrigation purposes in oil producing areas of Khana and Gokana Local Government areas of Rivers State, Nigeria. A random sampling approach was adopted in groundwater sampling in Khana and Gokana local government areas of Rivers State. Groundwater samples were collected from a total of twenty-two (22) boreholes in the area. Ten (10) residential boreholes were sampled in Khana while 12 boreholes were sampled in Gokana local government area. Various indices were used to determine the quality of groundwater for irrigation in the study area such as Electrical Conductivity (EC), Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR), Permeability Index (PI), Percent Sodium (%Na), Magnesium Adsorption Ratio (MAR), Kelly’s Ratio (KR) and Potential Soil Salinity (PS). In Khana area, all the water samples have PI values which render the groundwater unsuitable for irrigational purposes. Meanwhile, in Gokana, the groundwater samples show good to excellent quality for irrigation purposes. A high permeability index enhances crops yield, because the soils becomes more aerated and allows flow to occur easily, carrying plant nutrients from one part of the soil to the other. All groundwater samples in the area plotted in the C1-S1 (low sodium hazard and low salinity), C2-S1 (low sodium hazard and moderate salinity) and C3-S1 (low sodium hazard and high salinity) category which represents low sodium hazard and low salinity hazards and are therefore suitable for irrigation.

scholarly journals HYDROCHEMICAL ASSESSMENT OF GROUNDWATER OF EUPHRATES AQUIFER IN ANAH, WESTERN IRAQ FOR IRRIGATION PURPOSES

2020 ◽  
Vol 53 (2C) ◽  
pp. 121-133
Author(s):  
Muhammeed Jummah
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Human Activity ◽  
Major Ions ◽  
Total Dissolved Solids ◽  
Sodium Adsorption Ratio ◽  
Dissolved Solids ◽  
Piper Diagram ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Sodium Percentage

Groundwater quality is of prime importance in determining its suitability for various human activity such as irrigation, therefore, groundwater samples are collected from selective wells in Anah city and subjected to hydrochemical analysis in order to measure the concentrations of the major ions, in addition to the Electrical Conductivity, pH, Total Dissolved Solids, Soluble Sodium Percentage (Na%), and Sodium Adsorption Ratio)SAR( to assess the suitability of groundwater for irrigation. Results showed that the groundwater in Anah city is characterized by excellent to good SAR with good Na% and accepted value of pH for irrigation, whereas, values of Electrical Conductivity and Total Dissolved Solids were not acceptable due to the rising of salinity (SO4 and Cl). According to Piper diagram, the type of water is Earth alkaline.

scholarly journals Assessment of Leachate contaminated Groundwater Quality near Mandur Solid Waste Dumping Site, Bangalore

2020 ◽  
pp. 194-203
Author(s):  
RaviKumar P ◽  
Shridhar D. M ◽  
Prakash K. L
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Rainwater Harvesting ◽  
Total Dissolved Solids ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Pollution Level ◽  
Sodium Absorption ◽  
Dissolved Solids ◽  
Groundwater Samples

Groundwater samples along with leachate were collected randomly around the municipal solid waste dumping at Mandur village, Bangalore. All the collected samples were analysed for physico-chemical parameters like pH, hardness, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, alkalinity, calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, chloride, nitrate, sulphate, phosphate using Standard APHA methods during April 2018 (pre-monsoon period). It is apparent from the results that 25.93, 33.34, 14.82 and 81.48 % of groundwater samples respectively recorded higher electrical conductivity (EC ≥ 1000 μS/cm), total dissolved solids ( TDS ≥ 500 mg/L), total hardness (TH ≥ 600 mg/L) and nitrate (NO3 ≥ 45 mg/L), attributed to an interaction between the leachate and the groundwater samples near the core zone. Remaining parameters were well below their respective drinking water quality standard limit.s The Sodium absorption ratio (SAR), Residual sodium carbonate (RSC) and percent sodium values illustrated the suitability of groundwater samples for agricultural practices. Though cluster analysis specified some sort of interaction to exist between leachate and few groundwater samples, analytical outcome of groundwater quality were against such interaction. Average concentration for various parameters in ground water samples were not much affected with leachate interaction. The unsuitability of groundwater for drinking purpose, removal of excess concentration and artificial recharge of groundwater by rainwater harvesting methods could reduce the groundwater pollution level.

scholarly journals Sustainability of Groundwater for Irrigation Purposes in Semi-arid Parts of Namibia

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hilma Rantilla Amwele ◽  
Nnenesi Anna Kgabi ◽  
Liisa Indileni Kandjibi
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Hard Water ◽  
Total Dissolved Solids ◽  
Sodium Adsorption Ratio ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Sodium Percentage ◽  
Kelly’S Ratio ◽  
Magnesium Adsorption Ratio ◽  
Semi Arid

The groundwater quality data from 1,137 boreholes in 10 regions of Namibia were assessed for sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), Kelly's ratio (KR), sodium percentage (Na%), magnesium adsorption ratio (MAR), total hardness (TH), soluble sodium percentage (SSP), potential salinity (PS), electrical conductivity (EC), and total dissolved solids (TDS) to determine the suitability for the irrigation. The groundwater was classified as follows: all the regions' groundwater shows the TH as very hard water of >4.6 meq/l, PS as not suitable for irrigation (>3 meq/l), and EC as very highly (0.75–2.25 dS/m). However, Na%: 10% of regions have doubtful water (>80%), MAR: 30% of regions are not recommended for irrigation (>50 meq/l), and TDS: 90% of the regions have slightly moderate (450–2,000 mg/l) and 10% have groundwater that is unsuitable for agricultural purposes (>2,000 mg/l). The unsuitability of groundwater for irrigation could be due to higher concentrations of K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, and Cl− that has exceeded the FAO guideline for irrigation. Some groundwater qualities had inverse classification such as SAR all regions have excellent groundwater (<10 meq/l), KR: 90% of regions have safe water (<1 meq/l), Na%: 50% of regions have good groundwater (20–40%), 40% of the regions have permissible water (40–80%), and MAR: +70% of region's water is recommended for irrigation (<50 meq/l).

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