scholarly journals Patterns of tillering and grain production of winter wheat at a wide range of plant densities.

1978 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 383-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Darwinkel
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Grain Production ◽  
Higher Plant ◽  
Grain Number ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Plant Densities

The effect of plant density on the growth and productivity of the various ear-bearing stems of winter wheat was studied in detail to obtain information on the pattern of grain production of crops grown under field conditions. Strong compensation effects were measured: a 160-fold increase in plant density (5-800 plants/m2) finally resulted in a 3-fold increase in grain yield (282 to 850 g DM/m2). Max. grain yield was achieved at 100 plants/m2, which corresponded to 430 ears/m2 and to about 19 000 grains/m2. At higher plant densities more ears and more grains were produced, but grain yield remained constant. Tillering/plant was largely favoured by low plant densities because these allowed tiller formation to continue for a longer period and a greater proportion of tillers produced ears. However, at higher plant densities more tillers/unit area were formed and, despite a higher mortality, more ears were produced. The productivity of individual ears, from main stems as well as from tillers, decreased with increasing plant density and with later emergence of shoots. In the range from 5 to 800 plants/m2 grain yield/ear decreased from 2.40 to 1.14 g DM. At 800 plants/m2 nearly all ears originated from main stems, but with decreasing plant density tillers contributed increasingly to the number of ears. At 5 plants/m2, there were 23 ears/plant and grain yield/ear ranged from 4.20 (main stem) to 1.86 g DM (late-formed stems). Grain number/ear was reduced at higher densities and on younger stems, because there were fewer fertile spikelets and fewer grains in these spikelets. At the low density of 5 plants/m2, plants developed solitarily and grain yield/ear was determined by the number of grains/ear as well as by grain wt. Above 400 ears/m2, in this experiment reached at 100 plants/m2 and more, grain yield/ear depended solely on grain number, because the wt. of grains of the various stems were similar. The harvest index showed a max. of about 44% at a moderate plant density; at this density nearly max. grain yield was achieved. At low plant densities the harvest index decreased from 45% in main stems to about 36% in late-formed stems. However, no differences in harvest index existed between the various ear-bearing stems if the number of ears exceeded 400/m2. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

scholarly journals Ear development and formation of grain yield in winter wheat.

1980 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 156-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Darwinkel
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Grain Production ◽  
Ear Development ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Plant Densities ◽  
Winter Wheat Crop

The pattern of grain production of a winter wheat crop and the effect of plant density and time of tiller emergence on grain yield/ear were studied. At harvest, ear size and ear components were ascertained and were discussed in relation to ear growth and ear development during the prefloral and postfloral growing period. Detailed information was obtained on the productivity of ear-bearing tillers and their contribution to final grain yield. Shoot productivity decreased in denser crops; ears were smaller because spikelet differentiation, grain set and grain filling were inadequate. The date that the tiller emerged largely determined its subsequent grain yield. With later tiller initiation and emergence fewer ears were produced. Moreover, these ears were smaller because spikelet initiation, spikelet differentiation, grain set and grain filling were reduced. At low and moderate plant densities, the grain yield of the early-emerged tillers only slightly lagged behind that of main shoots and max. grain yield could be achieved at moderate plant densities. It was concluded that in cereal farming, high and stable grain yields are aims to be achieved. These can be best achieved by having moderate plant densities and applying correct treatments for good crop growth. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

Effect of plant density on grain yield and yield stability of sorghum hybrids differing in maturity

1990 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 257 ◽  
Author(s):  
LJ Wade ◽  
ACL Douglas
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Yield Stability ◽  
Early Maturity ◽  
Yield Level ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Plant Densities ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Sorghum Grain

The extent and significance of the maturity x density interaction in dryland grain sorghum, and its implications for yield stability, were examined for 3 hybrids over 6 locations. Site mean grain yield ranged from 0.44 to 4.96 t/ha. Early maturity was superior in environments truncated by water stress, while late maturity was superior in favourable environments. Mid-season maturity provided greater stability of grain yield. Maximum yield by each hybrid at each yield level did not differ significantly from yield at a density of 75 000 plants/ha. The highest grain yields should be obtained with plant densities of 50000-100000 plants/ha under rainfed conditions, where yield expectations range from 0 to 5.0 t/ha. The results demonstrate the stability of sorghum grain yield over a wide range of plant density and crop maturity. Regression analysis aided data presentation and interpretation.

scholarly journals Fertilización y densidad de población en genotipos de maíz cultivados bajo condiciones de temporal.

2006 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 199
Author(s):  
Octavio Cano ◽  
Oscar Hugo Tosquy ◽  
Mauro Sierra ◽  
Flavio Antonio Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Plant Densities

During the rainy season in 1998/98 a reseach was conducted in Campo Experimental Cotaxtla, Veracruz, México, with the objectives of knowing the response of five corn genotypes to doses fertilizer and plant density. A completed randomized block experimental design with two replications was used arranged in split plots where the genotypes (G) VS-536, H-512, H-513, HTV1 and HTV2 were considered as small plots ; The medium plots were doses of fertilization (F) of N2,P2O5,K2O: 161-46-0, 184-69-0, 184-69-30, 207-92-0 and 207-92-30 ; and the big plots were plant densities(D): 50, 62.5, 75, 93.75, 100 and 125 thousand plants/hectare. The characteristics studied were: harvest index, ears per plant, and grain yield. The analysis of variance showed significant differences for some characteristics in D, F, DxF y DxG and for all in G. According to this, the best genotype was the experimental hybrid HTV1 with yield 6.74 t/ha. The response to fertilization was only of to harvest index, where the best dose was 184-69-0. In relation with plant density, with 62500 plants/hectare, all genotypes showed their best yield and number of ears per plant.

Comparative Response of Conventional and Quality Protein Maize Hybrids to High Population Densities in the Southern Guinea Savanna of Nigeria

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
O B Bello
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Plant Population ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Quality Protein Maize ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Higher Plant ◽  
Guinea Savanna ◽  
Plant Densities

Optimum plant population is very important in enhancing high and stable grain yield especially in quality protein maize (QPM) production. A field trial was therefore conducted to compare the performance of six hybrids (three each of QPM and normal endosperm) at three population densities using a split-plot design at the sub-station of the Lower Niger River Basin Development Authority, Oke-Oyi, in the southern Guinea savanna zone of Nigeria during the 2010 and 2011 cropping seasons. Plant population -1 densities (53,333, 66,666, and 88,888 plants ha ) constituted the main plots and the six hybrids were assigned to the subplots, replicated three times. Our results showed a differential response of maize -1 hybrids to high densities, with plant populations above 53,333 plants ha reduced grain yield, and this is more pronounced in QPM than normal endosperm hybrids. This is contrary to the results observed in many other countries. This might be that the hybrids were selected in low yield potential area at low plant densities, and hence not tolerant to plant density stress. It may also be due to low yield potential of the experimental site, which does not allow yield increases at high plant densities. Though normal endosperm hybrids 0103-11 and 0103-15 as well as QPM Dada-ba were superior for grain yield among -1 the hybrids at 53,333 plants ha , hybrid 0103-11 was most outstanding. Therefore, genetic improvement of QPM and normal endosperm hybrids for superior stress tolerance and high yield could be enhanced by selection at higher plant population densities.

scholarly journals Times of Trinexapac-ethyl application associated to plant densities in agronomic performance of second-season corn

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. e39310914751
Author(s):  
Mariana Alves de Oliveira ◽  
Claudemir Zucareli ◽  
Allan Ricardo Domingues ◽  
Lucas Augusto de Assis Moraes ◽  
Leandro Teodoski Spolaor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Plant Size ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Agronomic Performance ◽  
State University ◽  
Leaf Architecture ◽  
Higher Plant ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Plant Densities

Plant growth regulators, which can alter the plant size and anatomy, allow the use of cultivars of interest that do not have a modern leaf architecture, making higher plant densities possible. The objective of this study was to evaluate the agronomic performance of second season corn, grown at different plant densities and under Trinexapac-ethyl applications at different stages of crop development. The field study was carried out in two growing seasons (2013 and 2014), at the Fazenda Escola of the State University of Londrina. Fifteen treatments were evaluated in a randomized block, 5 x 3 factorial design, at five plant densities (40,000, 60,000, 80,000, 100,000 and 120,000 plants per hectare), of Trinexapac-ethyl applied in three stages: control (no application), V6 and V9, with four replications. The morphological plant characteristics, the yield components and grain yield were evaluated. Increases in plant density raise the plant height, reduce the number of grains per ear, ear length and 100-kernel weight, and have no influence on grain yield. The application of Trinexapac-ethyl in stage V9 reduces plant and ear insertion height and 100-kernel weight.

scholarly journals GENOTIPSKI ODGOVOR NS HIBRIDA KUKURUZA NA POVEĆANU GUSTINU USEVA

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivica Djalovic ◽  
◽  
Vuk Radojevic ◽  
Vojislav Mihailovic ◽  
Sanja Vasiljevic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Higher Plant ◽  
Maize Hybrids ◽  
Plant Densities ◽  
Use Efficiency

Maize density is an important factor in cultivation which has significant effect on growth parameters. Newer hybrids have greater grain yield at higher plant densities than older hybrids. Differences in grain yield between older and newer maize hybrids were shown to be a function of plant population density. Optimum plant density for maximum grain yield per unit area may differ from hybrid to hybrid on account of significant interactions between hybrids and densities. Modern hybrids have shown tendencies to withstand higher levels of stress (i.e.- low N, high plant densities), which allow them to better sustain suitable photosynthetic rates, appropriate assimilate supplies, and maintain plant growth rates attributable to enhanced mineral nutrition and water use efficiency.

scholarly journals Productive performance of soybean cultivars grown in different plant densities

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Augusto Belchior Marchetti Ribeiro ◽  
Adriano Teodoro Bruzi ◽  
Alan Mario Zuffo ◽  
Everton Vinicius Zambiazzi ◽  
Igor Oliveri Soares ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Index Number ◽  
Plant Densities ◽  
Pod Harvest Index

ABSTRACT: Plants density in soybean cultivation is an important management practice to achieve high grain yield. In this way, the objective was to evaluate the agronomic traits and grain yield in soybean in different plant densities, in two locations in the south of Minas Gerais. The experimental design was in randomized blocks, arranged in a split plot design, with three replications. Plots were composed of four population densities (300, 400, 500 and 600 thousand plants per hectare) and the subplots were composed of six cultivars (‘BMX Força RR’, ‘CD 250 RR’, ‘FMT 08 - 60.346/1’, ‘NA 5909 RR’, ‘TMG 7161 RR’ and ‘V - TOP RR’) grown in Lavras and Inconfidentes, both in Minas Gerais. At the time of harvest was determined the plant height, lodging, insertion of the first pod, harvest index, number of pods per plant, number of grains, number of grains per pod and yield. Regardless of the soybean cultivar, the plant density of up to 600,000 per ha does not affect grain yield, plant height, lodging, harvest index, and number of grains per pod. The cultivars ‘V-TOP RR’ and ‘BMX FORÇA RR’ showed high grain yield and good agronomic traits in Lavras and Incofidentes.

Effects of Plant Density on Ear Barrenness in Maize

1980 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 321-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. O. Iremiren ◽  
G. M. Milbourn
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
High Density ◽  
Maize Silage ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Plant Densities

SUMMARYIncreasing plant density in maize from 8 to 32 plants/m2, without irrigation, had little effect on the time of ear primordia differentiation but delayed the time of silking (by up to 16 days), reduced the potential grain sites available for pollination and the number of grains pollinated, and increased grain abortion during the grain fill period. In cv LG11 sufficient fertile ears were retained to maintain grain yield throughout the wide range in density, whereas yield fell in Anjou 210 due to barrenness after silking, which was the major factor responsible for the intolerance of this variety to high density. However, in a variety such as Anjou 210, which has a tendency to barrenness under stress, the grain content of the end product would not be affected at the plant densities normally used for maize silage.

scholarly journals Growth, yield and quality of two guar (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.) ecotypes affected by sowing date and planting density in a semi-arid area

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. e0257692
Author(s):  
Maryam Mahdipour-Afra ◽  
Majid AghaAlikhani ◽  
Soleiman Abbasi ◽  
Ali Mokhtassi-Bidgoli
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Cyamopsis Tetragonoloba ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Plant Densities ◽  
Gum Content

The growth period, phenology, grain yield and gum content of two different guar ecotypes were studied in response to different sowing dates and plant densities. A two-year field experiment was conducted as a split-factorial in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replicates in the research field of Tarbiat Modares University during 2016 and 2017 growing season. Main plots consisted of four sowing dates (May 21, June 4, June 21 and July 5 in 2016 and May 10, May 26, June 10 and June 26 in 2017), and subplots including three plant densities (13, 20 and 40 plants m-2) and two ecotypes (Pakistani and Indian). Based on findings, the phenological traits, plant height, grain yield and harvest index were significantly affected by plant density. The effect of ecotypes was statistically significant (p<0.05) on all traits except harvest index in the first year. Furthermore, the seed sowings on May 21 and May 26 with 13 plants m-2 led to highest grain yield (3004.8 and 2826.10 kg.ha-1 for two consecutive years). The high gum content (33.68 and 33.78% for two consecutive years) was also recorded for Pakistani ecotype while for gravity, Indian ecotype showed higher value in both crop years. By and large, the Pakistani ecotype showed better response compared to the Indian one in both years, especially in 1st and 2nd sowing dates.

Field studies on the growth and development of winter wheat

1981 ◽  
Vol 97 (3) ◽  
pp. 685-697 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. McLaren
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Linear Relationship ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
N Application ◽  
Matter Production

SUMMARYThe effects of variety, plant density and time of N application on the yield and yield components of winter wheat were investigated in factorial experiments during 1977–8 and 1978–9, at Sutton Bonington. Armada produced substantially fewer vegetative tillers/m2 but the number of ears/m2, from anthesis onwards, was similar to that of Maris Huntsman. The effects of the time of N application on tiller production and survival differed between the 2 years and may have been related to the amount of residual N in the soil. A linear relationship was found between the number of tillers/m2 which died and the maximum number of tillers/m2.Kador produced a lower grain yield than Armada or Maris Huntsman, owing to a combination of lower ratio of grain D.M. to total above-ground D.M. (harvest index) and lower total dry-matter production. Armada produced a higher grain yield than Maris Huntsman in response to earlier application of N. Grain yield was less variable when final plant densities were greater than 200/m2.Grain yield was not particularly well related to individual yield components but showed a good linear relationship with number of grains/m2. Grain yield was also linearly related to total dry-matter production, with treatment effects on harvest index being relatively small. The results indicate that factors which influenced crop growth during grain site development were relatively more important than the factors affecting subsequent grain filling.

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