scholarly journals Inequalities in women’s empowerment and prevalence of HIV in India

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 3069
Author(s):  
Shri Kant Singh ◽  
Deepanjali Vishwakarma ◽  
Bhawana Sharma ◽  
Santosh Kumar Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Gender Gap ◽  
Hiv Infections ◽  
Women's Empowerment ◽  
Hiv Prevalence ◽  
Women’S Empowerment ◽  
Spousal Violence ◽  
Sexual Rights ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Hiv Aids

Background: Over the years, there has been growing evidence of continuous narrowing gender gap in new HIV infections, despite stagnation in overall HIV prevalence in India. Among others, one of the reasons behind the exiting pattern in HIV/AIDS in the country is the poor status of women, lack of control over their sexuality and poor reproductive and sexual rights.Methods: This paper analyses the troika of women’s empowerment, spousal-violence, and HIV prevalence in India using data from two rounds (2005-2006 and 2015-2016) of Indian DHS having a community-based HIV testing.Results: Results corroborate the recent spurts in women’s empowerment in India, which cuts across socio-economic groups. It has positively influenced a decline in spousal-violence even in the lowest socio-economic strata despite significant inequality across states. HIV prevalence among women has not been changed over the last decade (0.22% to 0.23%) despite decreased adult HIV prevalence. Women having control over their sexuality is significantly less likely to have HIV infection. Relationship between marital control behavior of husband and HIV prevalence, which was significant in 2005-06 (OR=1.2, p<0.10), has emerged to be insignificant in 2015-16. This means that increasing women's empowerment has altered their HIV prevalence through increasing sexual-rights and reducing the intensity of marital control behavior.Conclusions: A combative relationship has been established between women’s empowerment and their risk of HIV/AIDS. The results have been consistently showing the variations of inequality in women’s empowerment across different states, consequently affecting the risk of HIV/AIDS. Ensuring sexual-rights of women should be the best strategy.

Waiting or Acting? The Gender Gap in International Football Success

2021 ◽  
pp. 101269022110607
Author(s):  
Ignacio Lago ◽  
Santiago Lago-Peñas ◽  
Carlos Lago-Peñas
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Social Development ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Women's Empowerment ◽  
Women’S Empowerment ◽  
General Question ◽  
Positive Externalities ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Open Question ◽  
Women's Football

The conditions under which women's national football teams do better or worse in international tournaments remains an open question. Using data from 116 countries worldwide, we have examined three arguments accounting for the gender gap in international football success, focusing on positive externalities from economic development and women's empowerment, and the active policies promoting women's football. Our findings show that the international performance of women's national football teams compared to men's national football teams increases with women's empowerment and in countries committed to the promotion of women's football, while economic development is not relevant. The general question we address is whether gender gaps disappear because of economic and social development, or if active policies promoting women are required to achieve gender equality.

Of ‘prostitutes’ and ‘AIDS people’: Feminization of HIV and AIDS in South-eastern Ghana

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-38
Author(s):  
Bright B. Drah
Keyword(s):  
Social History ◽  
Hiv Infections ◽  
Hiv Prevalence ◽  
Hiv And Aids ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Personal Factors ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Orphans And Vulnerable Children ◽  
Historical Factors ◽  
The Impact

In sub-Saharan Africa, more women than men live with HIV and women bear the largest proportion of the burden of care that is due to the epidemic. Only a few studies have documented the precise details of how women in countries with low HIV prevalence became the worst affected by the epidemic. In Ghana, the historical factors that account for high HIV infections among women and the emergence of women-led community-based HIV interventions have been less researched. This paper examines the historical (political-economic), cultural and personal factors that account for the high HIV prevalence in Manya Klo, the area worst impacted by HIV in Ghana. The paper presents the social history of the pandemic in Manya Klo and explains why Klo women are considered to be the sources of HIV in Ghana. It suggests that concentrating interventions on women helps to reduce the impact of HIV and inform national interventions. Women-focused interventions may, however, alienate other groups that can contribute to improving the lives of families affected by HIV. Therefore, women-focused interventions must be planned in a manner that engages multiple stakeholders.Keywords: Manya Krobo, queen mothers, female migration, female sex work, orphans and vulnerable children, community-based HIV initiatives

scholarly journals Implementasi Program Perlindungan Anak Terpadu Berbasis Masyarakat di Kota Palangka Raya

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-56
Author(s):  
Mita Sari ◽  
Wahyu Wahyu ◽  
Bachruddin Ali Achmad
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Child Protection ◽  
Population Control ◽  
Women's Empowerment ◽  
City Government ◽  
Women’S Empowerment ◽  
Community Based ◽  
The People ◽  
Planning Office ◽  
The City

The purpose of this study was to find out, explain how the implementation of an integrated community-based child protection program, as well as the factors that support and inhibit integrated community-based child protection programs. This research was conducted at the Department of Population Control and Family Planning, Women's Empowerment, Child Protection in Palangka Raya City using qualitative methods. The results of this study indicate that the Implementation of the Community Based Integrated Child Protection Program (PATBM) in the Department of Population Control and Family Planning, Women's Empowerment, Child Protection in Palangka Raya City includes the integrated community-based child protection program that has been running and on target, a community-based integrated child protection program is useful and accepted in the City of Palangka Raya, during the implementation of an integrated community-based child protection program there has been a decrease in the number of violence, Resources Implementation of integrated community-based child protection programs both in terms of human resources and budget is still lacking and inadequate, integrated community-based child protection program received a good response from the people of Palangka Raya City, and strategy undertaken by the Population Control and Family Planning Office, Women's Empowerment, Child Protection in Palangka Raya City in implementing a community-based integrated child protection program is to carry out socialization and training activities for activists or cadres of Integrated Community Based Child Protection in the City Government Palangka Raya.

scholarly journals Evaluating Women’s Empowerment in Rural Cameroon through the Abbreviated – Women’s Empowerment in Agriculture Index

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 45-51
Author(s):  
Boris Dinictri Soh Wenda ◽  
Dorothy Engwali Fon
Keyword(s):  
Group Membership ◽  
Women's Empowerment ◽  
Nobel Laureate ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Women’S Empowerment ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Rural Cameroon ◽  
Women And Girls ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Production Resource

Amartya Sen a Nobel laureate stressed the fact that empowering women and girls with more choices and more freedom is crucial to achieving a better future for all. This study evaluates the level of women’s empowerment in agriculture by assessing the empowerment gaps between male and female decision makers; and by comparing the level of women’s empowerment in agriculture across household types. Empowerment is assessed through the Five Domains of Empowerment (5DE) of the Abbreviated Women’s Empowerment in Agriculture Index (A-WEAI). Using data collected from 600 rural households in the West region of Cameroon, the outcomes from the 5DE show that empowerment gaps between men and women exist in all domains of empowerment. The empowerment gaps between men and women are more severe in the resource and income domains. Also, group membership, excessive workload and access to and decision about credit contribute the most to disempowerment for both men and women. The study shows more women in dual headed household (DHHs) achieve adequacy in terms of input in productive decisions, access to and decision about credit, group membership and workload as compared to other household types. Also, women’s empowerment in the production, resource and income domains depend on the household type. The results of the study highlight the need for the creation of governmental and non-governmental organisations that will promote women’s empowerment in agriculture and other aspects life.

Women Entrepreneurship in MENA and Europe

2018 ◽  
pp. 30-51
Author(s):  
Işın Çetin ◽  
Hilal Yıldırır Keser
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
National Level ◽  
Women's Empowerment ◽  
Women’S Empowerment ◽  
Spatial Econometric ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Spatial Econometric Models ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Specific Influence

Women entrepreneurs greatly benefit from the development of economies on both the local and national level. They employ themselves as well as people in the community. Today, microcredit, as part of the microfinance system, has become one of the most successful economic development tools for aid agencies and non-governmental organizations all over the world. Within this framework, this chapter discusses 1) the importance of women to economic development; 2) the significance of microfinance practices for women's empowerment; and 3) the specific influence of microcredit on women's empowerment in Asian and European countries, as determined by spatial econometric analysis with respect to different microfinance variables for the MENA (Middle East and North Africa) and European zones. Using data from 1990-2016, and employing panel spatial econometric models to analyze the changes in women's empowerment over the years, the study has observed that the microfinance indicators are statistically and economically effective in promoting women empowerment in both MENA and European regions.

Is M-PESA a Model for Financial Inclusion and Women Empowerment in Kenya?

2015 ◽  
pp. 101-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Violet N. Barasa ◽  
Charles Lugo
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Financial Services ◽  
Women's Empowerment ◽  
Financial Inclusion ◽  
Women’S Empowerment ◽  
Legal Rights ◽  
Mobile Banking ◽  
Women And Girls ◽  
The Impact

Since the 1980s, the gender gap in most countries—rich and developing—has been narrowing. Women and girls are going to school more, living longer, getting better jobs, and acquiring legal rights and protections. Despite these strides, women in poor rural communities remain financially excluded from formal financial services. This chapter explores the impact of mobile banking on financial inclusion and women's empowerment in Kenya. The aim is to evaluate whether mobile banking is a form of financial inclusion and women's financial empowerment in Kenya. Firstly, it gives a clear background of a form of mobile banking in Kenya locally called M-PESA. Secondly, it evaluates how M-PESA is a form financial inclusion. Thirdly, it examines if M-PESA is a form of financial empowerment for women and girls in Kenya and lastly, offers recommendations on how M-PESA can effectively become a mode of financial inclusion and women's empowerment in Kenya.

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